ASSOSA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
COURSE TITLE: FUNDAMENTAL OF DATABASE SYSTEMS
TITLE: BUS TICKET RESERVATION SYSTEM SYSTEM
PREPARED BY GROUP FOUR(4) STUDENT
NAME [Link]
[Link] Neim…...................……………………….…….0422/16
[Link] Tamiru………………………………….................0237/16
[Link] Eshetu…………………………………….……....0116/16
[Link] Abera…………………………...…………………...0267/16
[Link] Zelalem…………………….……………….……...0088/16
Submitted to: Halimet H.
Submission Date: 20 ,Dec 2024
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Table of Contents
Chapter One ………………………………………………2
1.1. Introduction…………………………………………….2
1.2 Statement of the Problem……………………………….3
1.3 Objectives ……………………………………………....3
1.3.1 General Objective:……………………………..……..3
1.3.2 Specific Objectives:………………………………......3
Chapter Two ……………………………………………….4
2.1 Proposed system………………………………………..4
2.2 Entities and Attributes of Bus Ticket Reservation
system…………….………………………………………….5
2.4 Relations………………………………………………....8
2.5 Types of keys…………………………………………….9
2.6 ER diagram……………………………………………...11
2.7 Conclusion………………………………………….......13
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Chapter One
1.1 Introduction:
This Online Bus Ticket Reservation System project will provide an Online
Bus Ticket Reservation platform and thereby leverage the tedious manual
ticket booking activity for a customer. We can come up with features like
saving favorite routes and providing discounts for the same. We can
provide a feature that will allow the customer to get a ticket booked without
much hassle.
Initially, customers used to book tickets manually by queuing in lines at bus
stations or go to travel agents who in turn used to book tickets for them.
This was actually a tedious process and was leading to wastage of time. It
also had issues like having incorrect names or other information used to
book tickets.
We can eliminate the drawbacks by developing an application which will
allow customers to register themselves and book tickets cancel tickets or
postpone or propone travel dates with feasibility. This actually is a
welcome step for customers as they can access the application from
anywhere and will also avoid wastage of time that was caused due to the
drawbacks in the previous way of booking tickets manually.
1.2 PROBLEM OF STATEMENT:
The System that is being used by the staff at the counter currently is an
internal system and just used to sell the bus ticket at the counter. Customer
has to go to the counter to buy bus ticket or ask for bus schedule.
Furthermore, customers need to pay cash when they buy the bus ticket and
sometimes needs to queue up long time to get the bus ticket. Besides that,
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customer also not allowed to buy bus ticket through telephone and the bus
company's telephone has been always-busy line.
1.3 Objective
1.3.1 General objective
General objective of our project is to change the current manual bus ticket
reservation system into computerized one and make the system easier to
use for our citizen.
1.3.2 Specific objective
To provide a web-based bus ticket buying functions. Customer can buy bus
ticket through the online system and no need to queue up to buy bus ticket
at the counter.
To enable customer to check the availability of the bus ticket online.
Customer can check the time departure and arrival for every
Transnational’s bus through the system.
To ease the bus ticket payment by online.
To reduce the number of staff at the point of sale. The number of staff at
the counter can be reduced after the online buying bus ticket system
launch.
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Chapter Two
2.1 Proposed System
The aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The
proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The
system provides proper security and reduces the manual work. The existing
system has several disadvantage and many more difficulties to work well. The
proposed system tries to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some extent.
The proposed system will help the user to reduce the workload and mental
conflict. The proposed system helps the user to work user friendly and can easily
do their jobs without time lagging.
Advantage of Proposed System
The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very
low system resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It
has got the following features
Ensure data accuracy,
Minimize manual data entry,
Minimum time needed for the various processing,
Greater efficiency,
Better service,
Minimum time required,
The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice.
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2.2 Entities and Attributes of Bus Ticket
Reservation System
Entities:
User
Bus
Route
Schedule
Ticket
Payment
Admin
Reservation
Feedback
Cancellation
Entities with their attributes:
1. User : can book multiple Tickets
User Attributes:
User ID
Name: First name, Last name Email,
Phone
Password
2. Bus: is central to the bus ticket reservation system, enabling efficient
management of bus operations and providing essential information to
users for their travel planning.
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Bus Attributes:
Bus ID
Bus Number
Capacity
Model
Type
3. Route: is essential for structuring the transportation services offered in a
bus ticket reservation system, enabling users to plan their journeys
effectively and ensuring efficient bus operations
Route Attributes:
Route ID
Start Location
End Location
Distance
4. Schedule: is a document that lists the service times for public
transportation.
Schedule Attributes:
Schedule ID
Bus ID
Route ID
Departure Time
Arrival Time
5. Ticket: a token that proves a person has the right to use a bus service.
Ticket Attributes:
Ticket ID
User ID
Schedule ID
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Seat Number
Price
Status
6. Payment: in a bus ticket reservation system can be made through a
variety of methods, including credit card, prepaid card, or other online
payment methods
Payment Attributes:
Payment ID
Ticket ID
Payment Method
Amount
Payment Date
7. Admin: is a user who manages the back-end system and has access to
various aspects of the system
Admin Attributes:
Admin ID
Name: First Name, Last Name
Email
Password
8. Reservation: is the allocation of a seat on a specific bus for a passenger.
Reservation Attributes:
Reservation ID
User ID
Ticket ID
Reservation Date
Status
9. Feedback: is a way for customers to provide input and receive help
from customer support
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Feedback Attributes:
Feedback ID
User ID
Comments
Rating
10. Cancellation:
Cancellation Attributes: is the process of canceling a bus ticket before
departure.
Cancellation ID
Ticket ID
Cancellation Date
Refund Amount
2.4 Relationships
The relationship between user and ticket is one- to- many .User can
book multiple tickets.
The relationship between ticket and user or schedule is many-to-one.
Ticket belongs to one user and is associated with one Schedule.
The relationship between schedule and bus or route is many-to-one.
Schedule is for one Bus and one Route.
The relationship between payment and ticket is one-to-one.
Payment is linked to one Ticket (one-to-one).
The relationship between reservation and user or ticket is one-to-one.
Reservation is associated with one User and one Ticket.
The relationship between admin and route or schedule is one-to-
many. Admin manages Routes and Schedules.
The relationship between user and feedback is one-to-many.
User can provide multiple Feedbacks.
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The relationship between ticket and cancellation is one-to-one. Ticket
can be canceled with cancellation.
2.5 Types of keys
Entity Attributes Super Primary Candidate Alternate Foreign
Key Key Key Key Key
User User ID, {User User ID Email, None None
Name, ID}, Phone
Email, {Email},
Phone, {Phone}
Password
Bus Bus ID, {Bus Bus ID Bus None None
Bus ID}, Number
Number, {Bus
Capacity, Number}
Model,
Type
Route Route ID, {Route Route None None None
Start ID} ID
Location,
End
Location,
Distance
Schedule Schedule {Schedul Schedule None None Bus ID,
ID, Bus ID, e ID Route
Route ID, ID} ID
Departure
Time,
Arrival
Time
Ticket Ticket ID, {Ticket Ticket None None User
User ID, ID} ID ID,
Schedule Schedul
ID, Seat e ID
Number,
Price,
Status
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Payment Payment {Paymen Payment None None Ticket
ID, Ticket t ID} ID ID
ID,
Payment
Method,
Amount,
Payment
Date
Admin Admin ID, {Admin Admin Email None None
Name, ID}, ID
Email, {Email}
Password
Reservat Reservatio {Reserva Reservati None None User
ion n ID, User tion ID} on ID ID,
ID, Ticket Ticket
ID,
ID
Reservatio
n Date,
Status
Feedbac Feedback {Feedbac Feedbac None None User
k ID, User k k ID ID
ID, ID},{Use
Comments, r ID}
Rating
Cancell Cancellatio {Cancell Cancellat None None Ticket
ation n ID, ation ID} iob ID ID
Ticket ID,
Cancellatio
n Date,
Refund
Amount
Key Definitions
Super Key: A super key is a set of collection of one or more than one
attributes that can identify data uniquely. Any entity set has more than one
super key.
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Primary Key: An attribute which identifies data uniquely is known as
Primary Key.
Candidate Key: The minimal super key is known as candidate key.
Consider a super key and then take all of its proper subsets.
Alternate Keys: All the candidate keys other than Primary Key are known
as Alternate Keys.
Foreign Key: A foreign key is an attribute in any entity set which is also a
Primary Key in any other entity set.
ER Diagram
An entity relationship model is a detailed and logical representation of the
data for an organization of for business area. The entity relationship, which
is also known as ER relationship is based on the theory of real world which
consist of a set of basic object, which are called entities and relationships
among these object. The data model was developed to facilitate data base
design by allowing specification of an enterprise schema which represents
the overall logical structure of a database. We will represent the modeling
concept of ER model which is higher level conceptual data. The ER-model
does not provide the overall database structure but it gives the intermediate
step on the basis of which database is designed.
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2.7 Conclusion
It can be observed that computer applications are very important in every
field of human endeavor. Here all the information about customer that
made reservation can be gotten just by clicking a button with this new
system, some of the difficulties encountered with the manual system are
overcome. It will also reduce the workload of the staff, reduce the time
used for making reservation at the bus terminal and also increase efficiency.
The application also has the ability to update records in various files
automatically thereby relieving the company’s staff the stress of working
from file security of data. This project, as a whole, will give a new way in
bus reservations and ticketing processes. The automation and management
of seats and reservations will be done online. However, this project does
not limit the walk-in passengers that are passengers who visit the
company’s counter because it also caters for them. This also lessens the use
of papers like in the traditional way of ticketing.
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