— Magne. Ciro = louplek clreuike Mognetism ve to tee ce that aus betwen mogvets od we tonal we tos smagusl may. be a permanud or an _elechornagust + The epi wreere pus force is fell ts calle “toa fil of maguit" ov "maguahic. etd” Mograti. flux (¢) Bt ts definch ab tre number of magnate field Lines passing stormy a given _olbsch aur face” Module. Unit! weber (wb) or WY -seamke- Magusbe flux Lie, oniginale foom nate pole and terninali at South. _ pre Matuermatically, fe C teste, T) Magnetic Hux Tatewity (H)_* Dt te te menaure of atconptn of onsguahit. fiete at a partiudy prtat: Matearatizally. [A= fr wert, f= permeability of medium = fr fo pelt velahve of free Peromeaks iby Space:Mapuche. _cicowt is defrck of tre path frat allows flow of —onaguahic fut ts cltwuit When the Same. omeapuetic flux (9) flows theme alk tase Seong of magushic clr, tau fur efreit 4 calle as Benes onapechic. ofa « Laminated sheet _# Here, tre flux ctomgh fue cxat irom {se laminaded aheek, bil ond alr -gap is some: Sy, th ww a senes clrewuf Nturns $ : euet, desi in enh. eepon. UE Cast iron 7 Air gap Paral megueh'c civusit * gush. cirusk howe onere tran ee magne peti nf lon, Su tee cum of flues dewwing. esDe _excitahon oe eevee + Serle be + }—> voAtnge 2 Nand. a HOMME t Tle Ameree of metic fox Curent tH oe sal crendes neti —_ Greater the curred or number of fur, greater wil be the fux- — Flus flux produrcg ay of a opel ts Cale its maguctymptioe. fond Cams. Be define os, $5 mmf = NI (ampere true , At) current terry cork nd dues Of coil: tt Reluttme, Rt Opppaition fo moprebic flux — Pur in a cmagrefic cicuu't altv Aepeuds on toe Bpposition. foot tne chrout presents fo it = Reluctance th toe _charactertsh. of a _onapuubie- medennl. dus te wtih /+ doppia tre flow oH flux tavoph if- = Mathematically, - é| L= engi of omapnshe patr = jin AS area area Hf- CHO bth BE bib = Permeability 4f- magne wut: At [wb amafertel A dhma'¢ Law) Jor magrepie. _efrewii : th) vi ¢ aim CP = _ VAR Fue (9 = 2 faut Stunt SeMegoepi. field Jntouttty yh Mogretioahion curves (B-H_warver) Fee vibe. fio Infeuity (H) or omagech forte ts aluo defisecl ak mmf pee at eopta af tawiual H= - AT (Gt/™) z fis, ¢= 24 = vt Relnchage = _ LNT => b= BA= +z Wa > o= Bae HNTAT ag $= BAS z f 7 NI I 7 b= pM bape a |Bayn NC adernl. (oebattant) B-H Cres * We ave tufted un Shtadle Boy & jn a mmagnupc moterial Ceore) pr How Lg “vented: Peal or Linear wehic matenrl (cere) “adAn 3 However, tn _practal feromegrepc omafenal, || ts met consfant but vain matte. — fur tds Additionally, dus te soberahion we kh ib Posttve a Saturation Residual Magnotisn ——™ estve) Cosreive Force (negative) Negative ‘Saturation !Energy Abeek in magmebye. cicwut * + Energy Ate ban tnckayor Cin Soules) = Em = sel™ Tamim — # Df we have a solensil of L, number gf turns WN. area capis-acohon A, ork perrmeakelity ¥ ison care fy than _molutfanie is piven by Ene bon, BNA I L 2 (ps Me =f) tt Mogmefestatic energy cLeouify. (T/om2) is oleffned ak , Ea = ton= te = 2 Cin Thm’) #Ac excitahon toe ce _efreeut * > Wn an _adfernafy Curscext) sinus @ is applich fe a ceil tank on eY a oe, a oinuscidel flux ts Sy [] _ padueek ange © Eb Sew | | Lat fo sinusotlol flux Le, é \ ! d= $, Sint —Y —— Aso, emp, ¢ = w 2b 2, emp, Ep > Ee: na (%m,_¢in wt) = _Ndq,, Co cot = NG, 2m f cin (cot +90.) = Em Sig (ot +90) peak value of emf requirch to _pardaces Em = 2TEN Gy Bema = TEV Gm [V5 => |Frma = VEN $, a4 Eng, — tid foe Ge sinysrlal fun, Niobe Fitts. lafer— bu —Poonafrrmer alas. From (19 ood (i), toe _ivdlucek emp kerdo fos flun ank exciting cured, (4) dy 0.Eholy _urovents * Ta. _rmapvahic. frielh surctunding a cot! or otuer ciruut canyic. abternadt current: _(Vikinge) “ venin witr time aul fous induces bw nearly corducfive mafental sur ar met egnupmeut: cabinates, tramyormer cores, anh 30 on - Fe yeautith curren ave called “eddy wrrtent” isi are unwanted awh create power ham called edly urtsrect: Lon. Acw electromagnetic. field cot] (Os ecbly current Low is giver by, P= Ke Bop? > v——eralts) = eddy werent coefficieut Bu = peak value tf flux cleusily (ott na?) f= 4 frequen: t= we of be —_— ve virtue Bf cove | Taoeprie, ey warereat ik vedere by using. thin. lariat vather than sitid__ cares.B Ef a carrivk cor! is wean around 0 moh. anaterial, it gets (ded 2 a ta foe cotl Nercemal ont cernag nebisch ute current is _vehuced- Residual magnetism —», Due ty fue _mon-Lincar papery of os. ‘a core, fre omnofenal xhill velalng xan *\ Residual magnetism when que current yeducek magnetism fo zero. Pin in calle vesjolual SL Df tre current in _reveresed —awel__toon Iecreateh ftornvar_positie, a typical BH cume is rbfatned: Tis ts called hysteren's Leap. sl et age tue cnotenal in one dlirechim , thes the cr Area. exclyed by hysteresis Losp energy Loa per ut ycle- Cia Soute) So, total wystecns Lew = ara tf 1 hoop X supply fe yueauy Ce) Avo, bysterenia Apis 4 piven by, R= On fv Conds) where, = Steinmmety's Constant, (S/n) Bu = penk valu. of flux cleuily (cd/m) f Supyy freuen v vitae cove # (Gene) fo veka hystereds de, we use sift jam cre (CR40) NoyA pale coupled civuit vefea to two or mee electrical cua are hikdh Farnyle mutual —ndacfonee , wr0ior hare eueryy Ue a maguibic frek water than a iat efechntal connection Mutual Ldatfoure (M)* Er is tos property of two coi ashere a ee cen in one cgil trolyees an checfoomefive fore CEMF/ vttege)) Us toe Hher col through a shareh magrebc fith ¥ Here, Vee ude ts te col induceck vllege : + Cue-T 2) WA LG * b= colt inductowe of tre coil A * Self jndukiwe is defineh ax ee Magnetic field papery of a coil tn prtiole ae ov current induces ern uy tre Lame col A b=0 * Curt uw wil 2 in zed. + n= Vilage. tnducch i, cptl 1 ae fo coeE i, vi v1 hanging currienk om coil | = = sett tnducech volunge, Ti bp Voi = vithage tmducch vn, cptl 2 glue to _haph§ caret on wil | crubually. inducek yoefeage. awd, Bo, = w ete® Cuvewk in tl 1 is zed. Yor whage. taduceh cect 2. def chaugivg cnet vx wil 2 = self induce voltage. Ug 2 Veage inducch ony cor L glue fr dhauging current om coil 2 tally iedhuceh vitporge So, yee de awd, 0, = dis at wL wr, . M + tere, bot fae coll i a 6 ok - . as pe, ry earrtend, 21a wt ey vy a retpeefively. Lite A Lo, bee epile howe two component Of jaduceh yoltergeo they Bitte Self uk amutally Induce voltage) - Matemabebyy, i = bn + Bio =p ah aie 2 hahem oud, yp = Ua, + Yay =, bh at = ly 5 1 4M aDet convents A current entering the dotted terminal of one coil produces an open- circuit voltage with a positive voltage reference at the dotted terminal of the second coil. Stated another way, the sign of the mutual voltage is the same as the sign of its undotted terminal. 4 — M ele fe +0 self-voltage when both currents enter dotted (or undotted) terminals, but is opposite when one current enters a dotted terminal and the other enters an ky fe + 43 Er wyemad dt (c) a oy “| ¢ (da)Leff of cuplig Ft desenbey fre of Csi oe % behoces aw wile: cpece. (strongly or Laveclp) of Coupling. Mottuemabically, it is befrack as te veabn af flu taf Link tot tompanin obi to tee total flux _pavduceh by the energie cal. M= k/Zb,} = [k= M SOS KE EE Range l Tf ke! 2 charg coupling => No Leakage flux K=0 > np cupling. > No flux dinkage befrreen esti:A_trantsfecmer_1s_2-magnahiolly couple raul peat rakes clerical payer from one. cixuut to amether (form primary to secondary) at When an alternating vetiage [Np= Um sinot] i applich tr toe primary aniadtng. (carl) ne femsfrrmer, an alternating. onagrohic. fer [92 by sinlot-90)) i setup inn “toe transformer care duc _f Faraday's tou) of iaduchion. a4 Shown belo: = ag , Vp = Np 48 Vp= Pa idle ae P. voltage. He op. If tuo _of eng] After soloing, Vocem> IZING, = 444 f Nod, (fy [f= sapoty frepuensy | Mm, foe establish flux vn toe corre. geps hirkth tte the secondary coil ad duc to fe similar phenomena, au e is inducek acres fre fermivals of fe Aecanclity, Re emp — flux selation is fiver Be Yen, 48 ae Setrndany cide volieife, a Ns = wa. of ferme of Secmndary Ayter soloing, Veceng= ETN G, = 4-44 4 NG, (7)Toisas po the yeltage foonafrrmapion is goth on, & fequs former - % Da equation (2 auch i), feequenee (4) ack flux (ty) are Conbjont tin bite. palmar auch Aetandary dike of tranaforrner Dividing O_ by (DO, we get Vp cems) ___n4r'r f Np &, = TATE Nt Se Vil penk) P= Bach Vs crm) Hb f Net, Vet pe) [ dl y - wt ore, simply, z 2 ae f core Lf Np rm > > ke => Step-dmn action of peansfremen- Tf Np BK k => Stepp achion of tearafromen” ideal transformer, Aamfrrmer Lower and Leakage flu ave net connidleyed - fee cove six tus case ss abso conpiclereh idleak HH Dh on He Lenses ins toad former mandy paoluda foe fotlowtng + copper dons ( heating (ox 2°R in pile [isindsre) [? Eddy curreat tom Dam Care ws) Refer > Hysteresis loss page 8-4 # Effecren ye ip fransformes (™ 72) = Pete yy Papa = Flow oye Poteet yoy Fee xiv Y= ie Banet + Pro x10. b \' — Muay, -Hiak. beyond the exans.. Coton’