Contents

1. Background...............................................................................1

2. Material and Sectional Properties.............................................1

2.1 Material Properties.................................................................1

Concrete........................................................................................1

Steel..............................................................................................2

2.2 Sectional Properties................................................................2

3. Building Parameters..................................................................2

3.1 Architectural and Functional Requirements............................2

3.2 Construction Site.....................................................................2

4. Load case and Combination......................................................2

4.1 Load cases...............................................................................2

4.2 Load Combinations..................................................................3

4.3 Assessment of Unit Loads of Materials...................................3

5. Analysis.....................................................................................4

5.1 Software Used.........................................................................4

5.2 Method of Analysis.................................................................4

5.3 Seismic Analysis......................................................................5

6.0: ETABS 2019 Concrete Frame Design...................................11

6.10: IS 456:2000 + NBC 105:2020 Beam Section Design.........11

6.20: IS 456:2000+ NBC 105:2020 Column Section Design.. .12

7. Design of Structural Member.................................................14

8. Detailing:.................................................................................14

9. Reinforcement for floor slab...................................................15

10. Reinforcement on Floor beams.............................................15

1. Background

This building project is located at Baglung Municipality-3, Srinagar, Baglung. This project
comprises planning architectural, structural, design components. The basic aim of the
structural design is to build a structure which is safe, fulfilling the intended purpose during
the estimated life, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost, durable and also
maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. The construction of any building consists of
three phases:
a) Design
b) Drawings with proper detailing and
c) Construction as per drawing and
details. The design of structure consists of two
parts:
i) Analysis and
ii) Design

At first the preliminary size of various member for specific structure are fixed and the
analysis is carried out. With the result obtained from analysis, necessary design is carried
out. After the completion of the design, drawings are prepared with all necessary details.
The presentation of the design calculation and drawings should be clear. After completion
of the office works which include design and drawing, the construction of the building is
carried out. The effort with which design has been carried out becomes worthwhile only if
the design is translated to a correspondingly high quality structure.

Nepal lies in seismically active region. It is located in the boundary of the two conversing
tectonic plates- the Indian plate and the Tibetan plates. Records of the earthquake are
available in Nepal since 1255 AD. Those records reveal that Nepal has hit by 19 major
earthquakes, the 1833, 1934 and recently 2015 earthquakes were the most destructive
ones.

However, it would not be economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure that
they remain elastic and damage free because the occurrence of the major earthquakes is
low. Thus it is reliable to design the ductile structure and not to design damage free but
non collapsible structure for the minimum destruction in lives and properties. The design
should ensure the structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable
levels of seismic safety.

Thus the seismic design of the building is done and the brief report has been prepared.
All the design data are considered in the detail architectural and structural drawings.

2. Material and Sectional Properties

2.1 Material Properties

Concrete

Grade of concrete M25.

1
Young's Modulus of Elasticity; According to IS 456:2000, Modulus of elasticity is calculated
according to the following formula:
Ec = 5000 √fck
= 5000 √25

= 25000N/mm2

Steel

Grade of Steel HYSD 500

Damping = 5%

2.2 Sectional Properties

Moment of Inertia: The beams in the building frames will act as rectangular in the end
portion near the support and will act as T or L beams in the central portion. For the
purpose of analysis, a general practice is to assume the equivalent Moment of Inertia for
the whole length of the beams. The Moment of inertia is calculated for the rectangular
portion and multiplying it by 2.0 for T- beams and 1.5 for L-beams.
Lateral stiffness: The lateral stiffness of the column is calculated using the following
formula

D= 12EI/L3

3. Building Parameters

3.1 Architectural and Functional Requirements

Types of building Residential building
Types of structural system Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure
Number of stories 5+pent
Story Height 3m for all floors & 2.4m for pent.
Height of parapet wall 0.9 m
External wall/ some internal wall 230 mm
Very Few internal wall 115 mm
Plaster thickness 12 mm

3.2 Construction Site

Client:
Location:

2
4. Load case and Combination

4.1 Load cases

The Dead load and the Live load are used as per IS 875(part 1) 1987 and IS 875(part 2)
1987. The following are the different load cases used for the design of the building:

i. Dead load (DL)

Dead load includes the following loads
• Self-weight of the structure
• Floor finishes
• Partition load
• External and internal wall load
• And all other load acting on building at rest except live load
ii. Live load (LL)
iii. Earthquake load in +ve X direction
(EQX)
iv. Earthquake load in –ve X direction
(EQX) v. Earthquake load in +ve Y
direction (EQY)
vi. Earthquake load in –ve Y direction
(EQY)

4.2 Load Combinations

According to IS 1893:2016 the following load combination are used in the design of the
building.

COMB1: 1.2DL + 1.5LL

COMB2: DL + 0.3LL+EQx ULS
COMB3: DL + 0.3LL+EQy ULS
COMB4: DL + 0.3LL-EQx ULS
COMB5: DL + 0.3LL-EQy ULS
COMB6: DL + 0.3LL+EQx SLS
COMB7: DL + 0.3LL+EQy SLS
COMB8: DL + 0.3LL-EQx SLS
COMB9: DL + 0.3LL-EQy SLS
COMB10: DL + LL
COMB11: DL + 0.3LL+RSx
COMB12: DL + 0.3LL+RSy

4.3 Assessment of Unit Loads of Materials

Density of materials(IS 875-2-1987) Cl-2.1

Reinforced concrete 25.0KN/m3

3
Brick masonry(Main and partition) 19.20KN/m3
Floor finishes As per attached sheet.([Link])

Assessment of live load (IS 875-2-1987) Cl3.1,3.1.1,41.1

Unit loads on floor
All rooms, Kitchen, Toilet & Bathroom 2 KN/m2
Roof (accessible) 1.5 KN/m2
Roof (Non accessible) 0.75 KN/m2
Barandas and passage 3.0 KN/m2
Staircase 3.0 KN/m2

5. Analysis

5.1 Software Used

Etabs 2019 Version Ultimate 19.1.0 is used for the analysis of the structure and the
automatic seismic forces are also calculated using the software. All the analysis and the
design parameters are input and analysis and the design is done based on the IS
456:2000 for RCC design and NBC 105:2020 for the seismic input and design. NBC
105:2020 is followed for reinforcement detailing.

5.2 Method of Analysis

Analysis method adopted for EQ resistant design: Response Spectrum Method
Level of design: Professionally engineered structure
As per NBC 105:2020

According to NBC 105, the Horizontal base shear force acting at the base of the structure,
For the ultimate limit state (ULS), the horizontal base shear coefficient (design
coefficient), Cd (T1), shall be given by: Cd (𝑇1 ) = C(𝑇1 )/ Rµ x Ωu

Where,
C (T1) = Elastic Site Spectra as per Cl-4.1.1

𝛀u = Over strength Factor for ULS as per Cl- 5.4

Rµ = Ductility Factor as per Cl-5.3

For the serviceability limit state (SLS), the horizontal base shear coefficient (design
coefficient), Cd (T1), shall be given by: Cd (𝑇1) = Cs (𝑇1) Ωs

Where,

𝛀s = Over strength Factor for SLS as per Cl - 5.4

Cs (T1) = Elastic Site Spectra determined for Serviceability Limit State as per Cl - 4.2

4
Fundamental Period of Vibration (NBC 105)
The appropriate fundamental period of vibration (T1) in seconds for moment resistance
frame building shall be estimated by the empirical formula as: (NBC 105: Cl - 5.1.2)

T1 = kt H ¾

Where,
H= height of building from top of a rigid basement,
k t = 0.075 for Moment resisting concrete frame

5.3 Seismic Analysis

The seismic analysis details input and outputs in the Etabs 2019 is as follows;

Mass source used

5
6
 Modal Participating Mass Ratio;
The following table shows the modal participating mass ratio,

Story Max Displacement

The following table shows the maximum story displacement of the building:

Eqx Uls Eqy Uls

Hence less than permissible value of 119.22 mm, hence ok

7
 Story Drift

The following table shows the maximum story drift of the building:

Eqx Uls Eqy Uls

Hence less than permissible value of 0.0063, hence ok.

8
 Assigned Load

Live Load

Live Other Live Roof

Floor Finish

9
Water Tank Load

10
 Partition Wall Load on Slab

Main Wall & Partition Wall Load

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6.0: ETABS 2019 Concrete Frame Design

6.10: IS 456:2000 + NBC 105:2020 Beam Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story5 C12 30 C*16x16 DL+0.3LL+RS X 2645 3000 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
406.4 406.4 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) [Link] Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

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 Design Code Parameters
ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
77.8334 107.919 47.9523 1.5567 1.5567 1720 1.04

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.920869 2645 19.1809 0 1.5567
Minor Bend(M2) 0.840057 2645 12.9482 0 1.5567

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 48.7306 78.7218 56.9605 48.7306 450.47
Minor, Vu3 71.946 78.7218 56.9605 71.946 450.47

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 0 0 162.5247 825.8048 1651.6 0.197
Minor Shear, Vu3 0 0 236.3078 825.8048 1651.6 0.286

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
0.575 0.849

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS [Link])

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1651.6 17.2 2502.9653 786.1179 77.8334 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.882 406.4 5.993 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.882 406.4 5.467 12 No 0

6.20: IS 456:2000+ NBC 105:2020 Column Section Design

13
 Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)
Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story5 C12 30 C*16x16 DL+0.3LL+RS X 2645 3000 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
406.4 406.4 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) [Link] Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
77.8334 107.919 47.9523 1.5567 1.5567 1720 1.04

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.920869 2645 19.1809 0 1.5567
Minor Bend(M2) 0.840057 2645 12.9482 0 1.5567

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 48.7306 78.7218 56.9605 48.7306 450.47
Minor, Vu3 71.946 78.7218 56.9605 71.946 450.47

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 0 0 162.5247 825.8048 1651.6 0.197
Minor Shear, Vu3 0 0 236.3078 825.8048 1651.6 0.286

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio

14
 0.575 0.849

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS [Link])

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1651.6 17.2 2502.9653 786.1179 77.8334 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.882 406.4 5.993 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.882 406.4 5.467 12 No 0

7. Design of Structural Member

The structural member is designed to satisfy the strength and ductility requirements for the
critical values as obtained from above load combinations. Strength capacities for different types
of actions considered in the design are summarized in the table below. The equivalent static
method has been adopted for designing structural members referring IS 456-2000 and NBC
105:2020.

SN Component Design Code Reference

Consideration
1 RC Beams Flexural response IS 456:2000
NBC 105:2020
Shear

2 RC Columns Compression IS 456:2000

NBC 105:2020
Flexural, Shear

3 Footings Bearing Capacity of IS 456:2000

Soil, Flexural NBC 105:2020

15
 Shear

4 RC connections Moment connection IS 456:2000

NBC 105:2020
Shear connection

8. Detailing:
The space frame is detailing under consideration of ductile behavior at every joint between
beams and columns and in other parts to get ductility and comply with the requirements given in
NBC 105:2020

The foundation is designed on SAFE 16.0.2 (Ref. Annex- III). The dimensions of the foundation
were calculated based on assumed safe bearing capacity. The thickness was checked under
punching shear and size of footing is determined considering nominal load transfer mechanistic
from the column to foundation below and development length of the longitudinal bar of column.
And recommended to apply footing beam along with strap beam as per annex attached herewith.
Hence OK.

9. Reinforcement for floor slab

The thickness of the slab is 125 mm.

Provide 8 mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c with extra cut pieces from supports for both as end and mid
reinforcement in x- direction (i.e. along-X) and provide 8 mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c with extra
cut pieces from supports as end reinforcement & 8 mm dia bars @ 100mm c/c as mid
reinforcement in y- direction (i.e. along-Y) as per drawing. Hence ok. (Ref. Annex- II)

10. Reinforcement on Floor beams

Provide 8mm dia vertical 2 legged stirrups @ 100mm c/c up to L/4 from support and @150mm
c/c at the mid span which is sufficient. But at location of cantilever wall supported beam and on
overlapped portion for adequate shear reinforcement fulfillment provide 8mm dia vertical 2
legged stirrups @ 75 mm c/c. The longitudinal reinforcement will be as per attached design
sheet. (Ref. Annex- II)

16
Note: It is highly recommended to apply the mix design and specific supervision
by structurally sound manpower during construction to obtain the desire strength as
per IS 456:2000

17
 ANNEX-I

Reinforcement Area of Beams & Columns

A
 ANNEX-II

Section Designs

B
 ANNEX-III

Design of Footing on SAFE