Scribd
Upload
30 views2 pages

Essential Heat Transfer Formulas

The document summarizes several key heat transfer formulae and concepts in three paragraphs or less: 1) It outlines the fundamental equations for conduction (Fourier's law and the heat conduction equation), steady conduction through series resistances, and plane and cylindrical wall conduction. 2) It defines important dimensionless parameters for transport, state, and combined groups used in convection including Reynolds, Prandtl, and Nusselt numbers. Forced convection relations are provided for laminar and turbulent fully developed flow over plates. 3) It covers key radiation concepts including Planck's law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, view factors, and the principle of reciprocity. Heat exchanger effectiveness is

Uploaded by

Bipin Rohit
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views2 pages

Essential Heat Transfer Formulas

The document summarizes several key heat transfer formulae and concepts in three paragraphs or less: 1) It outlines the fundamental equations for conduction (Fourier's law and the heat conduction equation), steady conduction through series resistances, and plane and cylindrical wall conduction. 2) It defines important dimensionless parameters for transport, state, and combined groups used in convection including Reynolds, Prandtl, and Nusselt numbers. Forced convection relations are provided for laminar and turbulent fully developed flow over plates. 3) It covers key radiation concepts including Planck's law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, view factors, and the principle of reciprocity. Heat exchanger effectiveness is

Uploaded by

Bipin Rohit
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

HEAT TRANSFER FORMULAE Conduction Fouriers law:

Q = -kA T x

Heat conduction equation:


1 1 T 2T + Qvol = k a t

where a =

k rc

Steady conduction, thermal resistances in series: Ti - To Q= Dx 1 1 h A + kA + h A ci co

plane walls

Q=

2p L (Ti - To ) 1 1 rn 1 h r + k ln r+1 + h r ci i n n co 0

cylinders

Convection

Dimensionless parameters:

Transport Groups

r ux m 2d 1 f = Dp L ru2 tw Cf = ru2 / 2 hx Nu x = c k

Re x =

Reynolds number Friction factor Skin friction coefficient Nusselt number

State Groups

Pr =
St =

Cpm k

Prandtl number

Combined Groups

Nu [Link]
2 3

Stanton number

Reynolds analogy:

[Link] =

Cf 2

Forced convection relations: Plate Nu x = 0 332 Rex 0.5 Pr 0.33


Nu x = 0 0296 Rex Pr
0.8 0.33

Laminar (fully developed) Turbulent (fully developed)


Heat exchangers

Tube Nu = 4 36 Nu = 3 66

Q / A = const. Tw = const.

Nu D = 0 023ReD 0.8 Pr 0.35

Log mean temperature difference:


LMTD = DT1 - DT2 DT ln 1 DT2

Parallel flow effectiveness:

e= Counter-flow effectiveness:
e=

1 - exp - (1 + Cmin / Cmax ) NTU 1 + Cmin / Cmax

where NTU = UA / Cmin

1 - exp - (1 - Cmin / Cmax ) NTU Cmin 1exp - (1 - Cmin / Cmax ) NTU Cmax

where NTU = UA / Cmin

Radiation

Plancks law: I l ,b =
2 2hc0 hc l 5 exp( 0 ) - 1 l kT

where h = 6.6256 10-34 Js , k = 1.3805 10 -23 J / K , c0 = 2.998 108 m / s Stefan-Boltzmans law:


Eb = s Tb4

where s = 5.67 10 -8 W / m2 K 4

View factor: Fij = Principle of reciprocity:


Ai Fij = Aj F ji

1 Ai


Ai

cosq i cosq j
Aj

p R2

dAi dAj

Exchange between surface i and the other surfaces in an n surface enclosure: n ( Ji - J j ) e i Ai Eb ,i - J i = -1 (1 - e i ) j =1 ( A F ) i ij

You might also like