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Summary of India's Constitution

The Constitution of India was adopted on November 26, 1949, and enforced on January 26, 1950, establishing India as a Sovereign Democratic Republic. It serves as a comprehensive document outlining the rights, duties, and governance structures, protecting citizens from government arbitrariness and ensuring democratic principles. The drafting involved a Constituent Assembly, led by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, and resulted in a final document with 395 articles and 8 schedules, emphasizing civil liberties and social welfare.

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3 views3 pages

Summary of India's Constitution

The Constitution of India was adopted on November 26, 1949, and enforced on January 26, 1950, establishing India as a Sovereign Democratic Republic. It serves as a comprehensive document outlining the rights, duties, and governance structures, protecting citizens from government arbitrariness and ensuring democratic principles. The drafting involved a Constituent Assembly, led by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, and resulted in a final document with 395 articles and 8 schedules, emphasizing civil liberties and social welfare.

Uploaded by

kushagrabharti13
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

OUR CONSTITUTION – SUMMARY

• Date of Adoption: November 26, 1949

• Date of Enforcement: January 26, 1950

• India became a Sovereign Democratic Republic.

DEFINITION & SIGNIFICANCE

• A Constitution is a comprehensive document containing rules about rights, duties, and governance.

• It regulates the three organs of government:

– Legislature

– Executive

– Judiciary

• Protects citizens from arbitrary actions of the government.

• Ensures smooth governance and welfare of citizens.

• Distinguishes a democratic government from monarchy/dictatorship.

ENACTMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION

• Cabinet Mission arrived in 1946 and proposed setting up a Constituent Assembly.

• Members elected indirectly by Provincial Legislative Assemblies.

FORMATION OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

• First session: December 9, 1946.

• Original members: 389.

• After partition: 299 members.

• Dr. Sachidanand Sinha was the first Chairman (temporary).

• Dr. Rajendra Prasad elected President on December 11, 1946.

• Five sessions held between Dec 1946 – Aug 1947.

COMPOSITION OF THE ASSEMBLY


• Represented all major communities: General, Muslims, Sikhs.

• Anglo-Indians, Indian Christians, Parsis, Scheduled Castes/Tribes also represented.

• Truly national in character.

OBJECTIVES RESOLUTION

• Proposed by Jawaharlal Nehru on Dec 13, 1946.

• Passed on Jan 22, 1947.

• Key points:

– India to be a Republic.

– Social, political, economic democracy for all.

– Fundamental Rights guaranteed.

– Safeguards for minorities and backward classes.

DRAFTING COMMITTEE

• Set up on Aug 29, 1947.

• Chairman: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

• Prepared the first draft by February 1948.

DR. AMBEDKAR’S CONTRIBUTION

• Ensured civil liberties: freedom of religion, abolition of untouchability, women’s rights, reservation for
SC/ST.

• Incorporated key principles:

1. Strong, workable Constitution for unity.

2. Safeguards for minorities.

3. Right to Constitutional Remedies.

4. Single citizenship, single judiciary.

5. Directive Principles for social & economic welfare.

READINGS
• First Reading: Nov 1948

• Second Reading: Oct 17, 1949

• Third Reading: Nov 26, 1949

• Total time: Nearly 3 years

• Final Constitution: 395 Articles, 8 Schedules.

IMPLEMENTATION

• Adopted: Nov 26, 1949

• Enforced: Jan 26, 1950

• Chosen due to “Purna Swaraj” resolution of Jan 26, 1930.

IMPORTANT TERMS

• Amendment – Alteration of Constitution

• Adopt – Legalise

• Democratic – People elect representatives

• Fraternity – Brotherhood

• Ideals – Principles worth striving for

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