Triple integrals

The triple integral is dened as

Z Z Z
f (x, y , z)dV
R

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Triple integrals

The triple integral is dened as

Z Z Z
f (x, y , z)dV
R

Here dV = dzdydx or dV = dydxdz etc. we have to choose according

to the condition given in the problem.

Bikshan (GITAM University) Calculus November 28, 2025 33 / 87

Triple integrals

The triple integral is dened as

Z Z Z
f (x, y , z)dV
R

Here dV = dzdydx or dV = dydxdz etc. we have to choose according

to the condition given in the problem.
R1 R1 R1
For example: x=0 y =0 z=0 dzdydx = 1.

Bikshan (GITAM University) Calculus November 28, 2025 33 / 87

Triple integrals

The triple integral is dened as

Z Z Z
f (x, y , z)dV
R

Here dV = dzdydx or dV = dydxdz etc. we have to choose according

to the condition given in the problem.
R1 R1 R1
For example: x=0 y =0 z=0 dzdydx = 1.
R1 R1 R1
Calculate x=0 y =0 z=0 (x
2 + y 2 + z 2 )dzdydx .

Bikshan (GITAM University) Calculus November 28, 2025 33 / 87

Triple integrals

The triple integral is dened as

Z Z Z
f (x, y , z)dV
R

Here dV = dzdydx or dV = dydxdz etc. we have to choose according

to the condition given in the problem.
R1 R1 R1
For example: x=0 y =0 z=0 dzdydx = 1.
R1 R1 R1
Calculate x=0 y =0 z=0 (x + y + z )dzdydx .
2 2 2

R √2 R 3y R 8−x 2 −y 2
Calculate y =0 x=0 z=x 2 +3y 2 dzdxdy .

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Examples
Find the region of integration of the integral:
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1−y
dzdydx.
−1 x2 z=0

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Examples
Find the region of integration of the integral:
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1−y
dzdydx.
−1 x2 z=0

Bikshan (GITAM University) Calculus November 28, 2025 34 / 87

Examples
Find the region of integration of the integral:
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1−y
dzdydx.
−1 x2 z=0

Find the region of integration of the integral:

Z 1Z 0 Z y2
dzdydx.
0 −1 z=0

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Theoretical problem
Find the volume of the region D enclosed by the surface z = x 2 + 3y 2 and
z = 8 − x 2 − y 2.

Bikshan (GITAM University) Calculus November 28, 2025 35 / 87

Theoretical problem
Find the volume of the region D enclosed by the surface z = x 2 + 3y 2 and
z = 8 − x 2 − y 2.

What are the things we required?

Bikshan (GITAM University) Calculus November 28, 2025 35 / 87

Theoretical problem
Find the volume of the region D enclosed by the surface z = x 2 + 3y 2 and
z = 8 − x 2 − y 2.

What are the things we required?

Bikshan (GITAM University) Calculus November 28, 2025 35 / 87

 q
4−x 2
Z 2 Z
2
Z 8−x 2 −y 2
Volume = q dzdydx.
4−x 2
−2 − 2
x 2 +3y 2

Find the volume of the regions between the cylinder z = y 2 and the
xy -plane that is bounded by the planes x = 0, x = 1, y = −1 and
y = 1.

Bikshan (GITAM University) Calculus November 28, 2025 36 / 87

 q
4−x 2
Z 2 Z
2
Z 8−x 2 −y 2
Volume = q dzdydx.
4−x 2
−2 − 2
x 2 +3y 2

Find the volume of the regions between the cylinder z = y 2 and the
xy -plane that is bounded by the planes x = 0, x = 1, y = −1 and
y = 1.

Bikshan (GITAM University) Calculus November 28, 2025 36 / 87

Triple integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
Cylindrical coordinates represents a point P in the space by the triple
(r , θ, z) where r ≥ 0.
1 r and θ are polar coordinates for the vertical projection of P on
the xy -plane.
2 z is the rectangular vertical coordinate.

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 Equations Relating Rectangular (x, y , z) and Cylindrical Coordinates

x = rcosθ, y = r sin θ, z = z.

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How to calculate the integrals using Cylindrical Coordinates

The triple integral of f over a region R is obtained by

Z Z Z Z Z Z
I = fdV = f dz rdr dθ.
R R

Note: dV = dz rdr dθ.

R 2π R θ/2π R 3+24r 2
Evaluate 0 0 0 dz rdr dθ.
R 2 R √4−r 2 R 2π
Evaluate 0 r −2 0 rdθ dz dr .

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Triple integrals in Spherical Coordinates
Spherical coordinates represents a point P in space by ordered triple
(ρ, ϕ, θ) in which:
1 ρ is the distance from P to the origin (ρ ≥ 0).
2 ϕ is the angle OP makes with the positive z -axis (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ π).
3 θ is the angle from cylindrical coordinates.

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 Equations Relating Spherical Coordinates to Cartesian and Cylindrical
Coordinates:

r = ρ sin ϕ, x = rcosθ = ρ sin ϕ cos θ

z = ρ cos ϕ, y = r sin θ = ρ sin ϕ sin θ.
ρ = x2 + y2 + z2
p

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Examples
Find the spherical coordinate equation for the sphere
x 2 + y 2 + (z − 1)2 = 1.
After putting the value of x, y , z as
x = ρ sin ϕ cos θ, y = ρ sin ϕ sin θ, z = ρ cos ϕ,

we get ρ = 2 cos ϕ, 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ π2 .

Find the spherical coordinate equation for the cone z = x 2 + y 2.

p

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How to calculate the integrals using Spherical Coordinates

The triple integral of f over a region R is obtained by

Z Z Z Z Z Z
I = fdV = f (ρ, ϕ, θ)ρ2 sin ϕ dρ dϕ dθ.
R R

Note: dV = ρ2 sin ϕ dρ dϕ dθ.

Q. Evaluate the spherical coordinates integrals

R π R π R 2 sin ϕ
1
0 0 0 ρ2 sin ϕ dρ dϕ dθ.
R 2π R π R 1−cos ϕ
2
0 0 0
2
ρ2 sin ϕ dρ dϕ dθ.

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Summary

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Problems: Set up the iterated integral for evaluating
RRR
R f dz rdr dθ
over the given region R .
1 R is the right circular cylinder whose base is the circle r = 2 sin θ in
the xy − plane and whose top lies in the plane z = 4 − y

2 R is the right circular cylinder whose base is the region in the xy −

plane that lies inside the cardioid r = 1 + cos θ and outside the circle
r = 1 and whose top lies in the plane z = 4.

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1 Find the volume of the portion of the solid sphere ρ ≤ a that lies
between the cones ϕ = π/3 and ϕ = 2π/3.
2 Find the volume of the solid between the sphere ρ = cos ϕ and the
hemisphere ρ = 2, z ≥ 0

3 Exercise 15.5: 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 17, 18, 21(a), 21(b), 22(c), 22(d), 24,
27, 29, 31 and 32.
4 Exercise 15.7: 23, 26, 27, 28, 33(a), 34(a), 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 44,
45, 47, 55, 59, 66, 68, 71, 72, 73.
Bikshan (GITAM University) Calculus November 28, 2025 46 / 87