Quantum Computing
Presented by: Diya Uniyal, Jahnavi Tyagi, Khushi Saini & Ishita Dhiwan
Introduction to
Quantum
Computing
A New Frontier in
Technology
Quantum computing is a type of computing that
uses the principles of quantum mechanics to
process information.
Quantum computers can solve certain problems
much faster than classical computers, especially in
areas like cryptography, drug discovery, and
optimization.
They are still in the development stage, but they
have the potential to change the future of
technology.
Difference Between
NORMAL COMPUTER QUANTUM COMPUTER
Uses bits to store information (0 or 1). Uses qubits to store information (0, 1, or both at
Works on the principles of classical the same time).
physics. Works on the principles of quantum mechanics
Performs calculations step-by-step. like superposition and entanglement.
Suitable for everyday tasks like Can perform multiple calculations
browsing, gaming, office work, simultaneously.
programming, etc. Extremely powerful for tasks like cryptography,
Works at normal room temperature. drug discovery, optimization, and advanced AI.
Fully developed, stable, and widely Requires very low temperatures (near absolute
available. zero) to function.
Processing speed depends on the CPU, Still in experimental and development stage.
RAM, and hardware. Has the potential to solve problems that are
Limited when solving extremely impossible or too slow for normal computers.
complex mathematical or scientific Processing power grows exponentially as more
problems. qubits are added.
HOW QUANTUM COMPUTING BEGAN...
The groundwork for using quantum physics for computing was
laid by Paul Benioff — in 1980 he provided a theoretical model
showing that a “quantum mechanical version” of a computer is
possible.
Soon after that in early 1980s, Richard Feynman — a renowned
physicist — argued that classical computers cannot efficiently
simulate quantum systems, so to simulate nature properly, one
would need a quantum computer.
Then in 1985, David Deutsch formulated the idea of a “universal
quantum computer” — a general-purpose quantum machine that
could in principle do any computation using quantum mechanics.
So: the idea evolved from theoretical physics (quantum theory +
computation theory) to a concrete “quantum Turing machine /
quantum computer” concept.
From Idea to Real Machines — the Evolution
Theoretical ideas (Benioff → Feynman → Deutsch) gave
the foundation: that quantum mechanics + computation
theory could create powerful computing beyond classical
limits.
Over decades, scientists explored how to physically
implement qubits, what materials to use, how to control
them, and how to build error-resistant quantum
processors.
Today’s quantum research involves multiple competing
approaches (superconducting qubits, trapped-ion qubits,
spin-qubits, photonic qubits, etc.) — each with its own
advantages and challenges.
Building a “universal, large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum
computer” (that can outperform classical computers
broadly) remains a challenge — but research has made
significant progress.
Do quantum computers exist in today’s world?
Many research institutions, tech-companies and
startups around the world have built
experimental quantum computers.
As of 2025, there are estimated to be roughly
100–200 quantum computer systems
operational worldwide (though many are
prototypes or research devices, not “consumer-
level PCs”).
Leading companies such as IBM, Google, and
several quantum-specialist firms are actively
running and developing quantum machines.
Limits of existing quantum computers?
Most current quantum computers are not like regular
personal computers — they’re experimental or
research-grade machines.
They often suffer from noise, instability, and limited
number of qubits, which means they can’t yet
perform many “real-world” tasks reliably.
So far, they’re mostly used for research, experiments,
and niche/high-complexity problems — not for
everyday computing like browsing, gaming or office
work.
Quantum Computing can help us in....
Faster Problem Solving:
It can solve extremely complex problems much faster than normal computers.
Better Medicines and Drug Discovery:
Quantum computers can simulate molecules and chemicals, helping scientists design new medicines
faster and more accurately.
Stronger Artificial Intelligence:
They can improve machine learning and AI by processing huge amounts of data quickly and finding
patterns more efficiently.
Better Cybersecurity:
Quantum computing can create new, highly secure encryption systems to protect data and
communication.
Climate and Weather Prediction:
It can analyze large climate models and help predict weather patterns more accurately, supporting
disaster management.
Material Science and Innovation:
Quantum simulations can help discover new materials for batteries, solar panels, and advanced
electronics.
Optimization in Industries:
Useful in logistics, finance, and manufacturing to find the best and most efficient solutions for cost,
time, and resources.
Ethical and Social
Implications
Balancing Progress and Responsibility
Privacy Concerns:
Quantum computers could break current encryption systems, meaning
today’s passwords, banking data, and private information might become
unsafe.
Cybersecurity Challenges:
Governments and companies may need new security systems (post-
quantum encryption) to protect sensitive information.
Unequal Access & Digital Divide:
Only powerful countries or big tech companies may control quantum
technology at the beginning, which could increase inequality.
Impact on Jobs:
Quantum technology may create new high-skill jobs but also replace some
traditional computing and cybersecurity roles.
Misuse of Power:
If used unethically, quantum computing could help in surveillance, hacking, or
creating advanced weapons.
Future Vision of
Quantum
Computing
Quantum Dreams, Infinite Possibilities
Quantum computers may solve problems that today’s fastest supercomputers
cannot handle.
In the future, they could help create personalized medicines, faster vaccine
development, and cures for complex diseases like cancer.
Quantum-powered AI may become faster, smarter, and more capable of solving
global challenges like climate change or energy shortage.
New quantum-safe encryption will protect data, banking, and communication in a
highly secure way.
Quantum computers may help discover new materials, better batteries, clean energy
solutions, and faster communication systems.
Instead of replacing humans, quantum computing will likely assist researchers,
scientists, and engineers in making smarter decisions.
Conclusion
Quantum computing is a powerful emerging technology that goes
beyond the limits of traditional computers.
With its ability to process complex information faster, it has the potential to
transform areas like medicine, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and
scientific research.
Although still developing, its future impact could be revolutionary —
improving problem-solving, innovation, and global progress.
To fully benefit from it, we must develop it responsibly, ethically, and
securely.
“Quantum computing isn’t just the
future of technology — it’s the
future of possibility.”
Thank You
The only limit is
the imagination.