11 Fluid Mechanics

JEE-Main
7. The pressure acting on a submarine is 3 × 105 Pa at a certain depth.
If the depth is doubled, the percentage in the pressure acting on the
Pressure Variation Inside Fluid submarine would be:
(Assume that atmospheric pressure is 1 × 105 Pa density of water
1. If average depth of an ocean is 4000 m and the bulk modulus of is103 kgm–3, g = 10 ms–2) [16 March, 2021 (Shift-I)]
∆V 3 5
water is 2 × 109 Nm–2, then fractional compression of water at (a) % (b) %
V 200 200
the bottom of ocean is a × 10–2. The value of a is _____ 200 200
(c) % (d) %
(Given, g = 10 ms–2, r = 1000 kg m–3) [27 Jan, 2024 (Shift-I)] 3 5
2. The depth below the surface of sea to which a rubber ball be taken
so as to decrease its volume by 0.02% is _____ m. Pascal's Law
[31 Jan, 2024 (Shift-I)]
(Take density of sea water = 103 kgm–3, Bulk modulus of rubber 8. A hydraulic press containing water has two arms with diameters as
= 9 × 108 Nm–2, and g = 10 ms–2) [31 Jan, 2024 (Shift-I)] mentioned in the figure. A force of 10 N is applied on the surface
of water in the thinner arm. The force required to be applied on the
3. Mercury is filled in a tube of radius 2 cm up to a height of 30 cm.
surface of water in the thicker arm to maintain equilibrium of water
The force exerted by mercury on the bottom of the tube is ___N.
is _______ N. [05 April, 2024 (Shift-II)]
(Given, atmospheric pressure = 105 Nm–2, density of mercury
22
= 1.36 × 104 kg m–3, g = 10 ms–2, p = ) [4 April, 2024 (Shift-II)]
7
4. An air bubble of volume 1cm3 rises from the bottom of a lake 40
m deep to the surface at a temperature of 12° C. The atmospheric
pressure is 1 × 105 Pa, the density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and
g = 10 m/s2. There is no difference of the temperature of water at the
depth of 40 m and on the surface. The volume of air bubble when
9. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A)
it reaches the surface will be [08 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
(a) 5 cm3 (b) 2 cm3 (c) 4 cm3 (d) 3 cm3 Assertion (A): When you squeeze one end of a tube to get toothpaste
5. A hydraulic automobile lift is designed to lift vehicles of mass out from the other end, Pascal’s principle is observed.
5000 kg. The area of cross section of the cylinder carrying the Reason (R): A change in the pressure applied to an enclosed
load is 250 cm2. The maximum pressure the smaller piston would incompressible fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion
have to bear is: of the fluid and to the walls of its container.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
[Assume g = 100 m/s2]: [08 April, 2023 (Shift-II)]
answer from the options given below: [6 April, 2023 (Shift-II)]
(a) 200 × 10 Pa+6
(b) 20 × 10+6 Pa (a) A is not correct but R is correct
(c) 2 × 10+6 Pa (d) 2 × 10+5 Pa (b) A is correct but R is not correct
6. Two cylindrical vessels of equal cross-sectional area 16 cm2 contain (c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation
water upto heights 100 cm and 150 cm respectively. The vessels
of A
are interconnected so that the water levels in them become equal. 10. Given below are two statements:
The work done by the force of gravity during the process, is [Take Statement-I: Pressure in a reservoir of water is same at all points
density of water = 103 kg/m3 and g = 10 m/s2] at the same level of water.
[27 July, 2022 (Shift-I)] Statement-II: The pressure applied to enclosed water is transmitted
(a) 0.25 J (b) 1 J (c) 8 J (d) 12 J in all directions equally.
 In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from –10
the options given below:  [10 April, 2023 (Shift-1)] 4 × 10
–10
(a) Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true 3 × 10
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are true Strain 2 × 10–10
(c) Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false –10
1 × 10
(d) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are false
11. A pressure-pump has a horizontal tube of cross sectional area 10cm2 0 20 40 60 80
for the outflow of water at a speed of 20 m/s. The force exerted Stress [N/m2]
on the vertical wall just in front of the tube which stops water
horizontally flowing out of the tube, is: [given: density of water =
1000 kg/m3]  [28 July, 2022 (Shift-II)]
(a) 300 N (b) 500 N (c) 250 N (d) 400 N T3 Archimedes Principle and
12. An open-ended U-tube of uniform cross-sectional area contains water Force of Buoyancy
(density 103 kg m–3).Initially the water level stands at 0.29 m from the
bottom in each arm. Kerosene oil (a water-immiscible liquid) of density
800 kg m –3 is added to the left arm until its length is 0.1 m, 16. A cube of ice floats partly in water and partly in kerosene oil. The
h  ratio of volume of ice immersed in water to that in kerosene oil
as shown in the schematic figure below. The ratio  1  of the
(specific gravity of Kerosene oil = 0.8, specific gravity of ice = 0.9)
heights of the liquid in the two arms is:  h2 
 [08 April, 2024 (Shift-II)]

Kerosene
0.1m oil

h1 Water
h2
(a) 8 : 9 (b) 5 : 4 (c) 9 : 10 (d) 1 : 1
17. A sphere of relative density s and diameter D has concentric cavity
of diameter d. The ratio of D/d, if it just floats on water in a tank is:
 [JEE Adv, 2020]  [09 April, 2024 (Shift-I)]
      1
1/ 3 1/ 3
15 35 7 5 (a)  (b) 
(a) (b) (c) (d)  
14 33 6 4    1    1
13. A hydraulic press can lift 100 kg when a mass ‘m’ is placed on the    1
1/ 3
  2
1/ 3

smaller piston. It can lift_______ kg when the diameter of the larger (c)   (d)  
     2
piston is increased by 4 times and that of the smaller piston is
decreased by 4 times keeping the same mass ‘m’ on the smaller 18. A tube of length 50 cm is filled completely with an incompressible
piston.  [24 Feb, 2021 (Shift-I)] liquid of mass 250 g closed both ends. The tube is then rotated
in horizontal plane about one of its ends with a uniform angular
14. A cylindrical tube, with its base as shown in d
the figure, is filled with water. It is moving velocity x F rad s–1. If F be the force exerted by the liquid at the
down with a constant acceleration a along other end then the value of x will be ______ .
a fixed inclined plane with angle q = 45°.  [29 July, 2022 (Shift-II)]
P1 and P2 are pressures at points 1 and 2, 19. A hot air balloon is carrying some passengers, and a
respectively, located at the base of the tube. g few sandbags of mass 1 kg each so that its total mass is
Let b = (P1 – P2)/(rgd), where r is density of 480 kg. Its effective volume giving the balloon its buoyancy is V.
water, d is the inner diameter of the tube and The balloon is floating at an equilibrium height of 100 m. When
g is the acceleration due to gravity. Which of 2 N number of sandbags are thrown out, the balloon rises to a new
the following statement(s) is (are) correct? equilibrium height close to 150 m with its volume V remaining
a unchanged. If the variation of the density of air with height h
 [JEE Adv, 2021] 1
 = 45º h
(a) b = 0 when a = g / 2 from the ground is ρ ( h ) =
ρ0 e h0 , where ρ0=1.25 kg m–3 and
(b) b > 0 when a = g / 2 h0= 6000 m, the value of N is ________. [JEE Adv, 2020]
20. A small spherical droplet of density d is floating exactly half
2 −1
(c) β = when a = g/2 immerse in a liquid ρ and surface tension T. The radius of the droplet
2 is (take note that the surface tension applies an upward force on the
1 droplet): [9 Jan, 2020 (Shift-II)]
(d) β = when
2 T 3T
(a) r = (b) r =
15. The elastic behaviour of material for linear stress and linear strain, (d + ρ) g (2d − ρ) g
is shown in the figure. The energy density for a linear strain of
5 ×10–4 is _________kJ/m3. Assume that material is elastic upto the (c) r = T (d) r = 2T
linear strain of 5 ×10–4. [26 June, 2022 (Shift-I)] (d − ρ) g 3(d − ρ) g

Fluid Mechanics 257

 21. A hollow spherical shell at outer radius R floats just submerged under 29. Given below are two statements:
the water surface. The inner radius of the shell is r. If the specific Statement I: When speed of liquid is zero everywhere, pressure
27 difference at any two points depends on equation P1 – P2 = rg (h2 – h1)
gravity of the shell material is w.r.t water, the value of r is.
8 Statement II: In ventury tube shown 2gh = u12 – u22
 [5 Sep, 2020 (Shift-I)]

(a) 2 R (b) 4 R (c) 1 R (d) 8 R h

3 9 3 9
22. Consider a solid sphere of radius R and mass density
υ1
 2 
r(r) = r0 1 − r  , 0 < r ≤ R. The maximum density of a liquid in υ2
 R2 
  P1,A1 P2 , A2
which it will float is
s3

ρ In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate

ρ 2ρ0 2ρ0
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 0 answer from the options given below. [04 April, 2024 (Shift-I)]
5 5 3 3 (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
23. A leak proof cylinder of length 1m, made of a metal which has (b) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
very low coefficient of expansion is floating vertically in water at (c) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
0oC such that its height above the water surface is 20 cm. When the (d) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
temperature of water is increased to 4oC, the height of the cylinder 30. Correct Bernoulli's equation is (symbols have their usual meaning):
above the water surface becomes 21 cm. The density of water at  [08 April, 2024 (Shift-I)]
T = 4oC, relative to the density at T = 0oC is close to: 1 2
 [8 Jan, 2020 (Shift-I)] (a) P + mgh + mv = constant
2
(a) 1.0 (b) 1.04 (c) 1.26 (d) 1.01 1 2
(b) P + gh  v = constant
4 2
24. A wooden block floating in a bucket of water has of its volume
5 (c) P + rgh + rv2 = constant
submerged. When certain amount of an oil is poured into the bucket,
1 1
it is found that the block is just under the oil surface with half of (d) P + gh  v 2 = constant
2 2
its volume under water and half in oil. The density of oil relative to
that of water is: [9 April, 2019 (Shift-II)] 31. A fully loaded aircraft has a mass of 5.4 × 105 kg. Its total wing
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.7 (c) 0.6 (d) 0.8 area is 500 m2. It is in level flight with a speed of 1080 km/h. If the
density of air is 1.2 kg m–3, the fractional increase in the speed of the
25. A cubical block of side 0.5 m floats on water with 30% of its volume air on the upper surface of the wings relative to the lower surface
under water. What is the maximum weight that can be put on the in percentage will be (g = 10 m/s2) [29 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II)]
block without fully submerging it under water? (Take density of (a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10
water = 103 kg/m3) [10 April, 2019 (Shift-II)]
32. The surface of water in a water tank of cross section area
(a) 65.4 kg (b) 87.5 kg 750 cm2 on the top of a house is h m above the tap level. The
(c) 30.1 kg (d) 46.3 kg speed of water coming out through the tap of cross section
dh
area 500 mm2 is 30 cm/s. At that instant, is x × 10−3 m / s .
dt
Continuity Equation, Bernoulli The value of x will be _______. [01 Feb 2023 (Shift-II)]

Theorem and Their Application 33. Figure below shows a liquid being pushed out of the tube
by a piston having area of cross section 2.0 cm 2. The area
of cross section at the outlet is 10 mm 2 . If the piston is
26. The reading of pressure metre attached with a closed pipe is pushed at a speed of 4 cm s –1, the speed of outgoing fluid
4.5 × 104 N/m2. On opening the valve, water starts flowing and the is ________ cm s–1. [10 April, 2023 (Shift-II)]
reading of pressure metre falls to 2.0 × 104 N/m2. The velocity of
water is found to be Vm / s . The value of V is ______.
 [27 Jan, 2024 (Shift-II)]
27. In a test experiment on a model aeroplane in wind tunnel, the flow 34. Glycerine of density 1.25 × 103 kg m–3 is flowing through the conical
speeds on the upper and lower surfaces of the wings are 70 ms–1 and section of pipe. The area of cross-section of the pipe at its ends is
65 ms–1 respectively. If the wing area is 2 m2 the lift of the wing is 10 cm2 and 5 cm2 and pressure drop across its length is 3 Nm–2. The
_______ N. (Given density of air = 1.2 kg m–3) rate of flow of glycerine through the pipe is x × 10–5 m3 s–1. The
value of x is ________ . [12 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
 [29 Jan, 2024 (Shift-I)]
35.
28. A plane is in level flight at constant speed and each of its two wings
has an area of 40 m2. If the speed of the air is 180 km/h over the
lower wing surface and 252 km/h over the upper wing surface, the
mass of the plane is ________kg. (Take air density to be 1 kg m–3
and g = 10 ms–2)[1 Feb, 2024 (Shift-I)]

258 JEE Main and Advanced Physics PYQs

 The figure shows a liquid of given density flowing steadily in 24 kg
horizontal tube of varying cross-section. Cross sectional areas at A
A is 1.5 cm2 and B is 25 mm2, if the speed of liquid at B is 60 cm/s
then (PA – PB) is:
(Given PA and PB are liquid pressures at A and B points.
Density r = 1000 kg m–3 A and B are on the axis of tube
 [13 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
B
(a) 175 Pa (b) 27 Pa (c) 135 Pa (d) 36 Pa
42. A light cylindrical vessel is kept on a horizontal surface. Area of base
36. An ideal fluid of density 800 kgm–3, flows smoothly through a bent is A. A hole of cross-sectional area ‘a’ is made just at its bottom side.
pipe (as shown in figure) that tapers in cross-sectional area from a to The minimum coefficient of friction necessary to prevent sliding the
a/2. The pressure difference between the wide and narrow sections of vessel due to the impact force of the emerging liquid is (a << A):
x  [27 July, 2021 (Shift-I)]
pipe is 4100 Pa. At wider section, the velocity of fluid is ms–1 for
6 A
x =_____. (Given g = 10 ms–2) [26 June, 2022 (Shift-I)]

a 
v1

h=1m a

v2
a/2
37. The area of cross-section of a large tank is 0.5 m2 It has a narrow 2a
(a) None of these (b)
opening near the bottom having area of cross-section 1 cm2 A load A
of 25 kg is applied on the water at the top in the tank. Neglecting
A a
the speed of water in the tank, the velocity of the water, coming out (c) (d)
2a A
of the opening at the time when the height of water level in the tank
is 40 cm above the bottom, will be ___________ cms–1. 43. The water is filled up to height of 12 m in a tank having vertical
[Take g = 10 ms–2] [27 June, 2022 (Shift-I)] sidewalls. A hole is made in one of the walls at a depth ‘h’ below
the water level. The value of ‘h’ for which the emerging steam of
38. When a ball is dropped into a lake from a height 4.9 m above the water strikes the ground at the maximum range is _______ m.
water level, it hits the water with a velocity v and then sinks to the
 [27 July, 2021 (Shift-II)]
bottom with the constant velocity v. It reaches the bottom of the
lake 4.0 s after it is dropped. The approximate depth of the lake is: 44. An ideal fluid flows (laminar flow) through a pipe of non-uniform
 [27 June, 2022 (Shift-II)] diameter. The maximum and minimum diameters of the pipes are
6.4 cm and 4.8 cm, respectively. The ratio of the minimum and the
(a) 19.6 m (b) 29.4 m (c) 39.2 m (d) 73.5 m
maximum velocities of fluid in this pipe is:
39. Water falls from a 40 m high dam at the rate of 9 × 104 kg per hour.  [7 Jan, 2020 (Shift-II)]
Fifty percentage of gravitational potential energy can be converted 3 81 3 9
into electrical energy. Using this hydro electric energy number of (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 256 2 16
100 W lamps, that can be lit, is:
(Take g = 10 ms–2) [28 June, 2022 (Shift-II)] 45. Water flows in a horizontal tube (see figure). The pressure of water
changes by 700 Nm–2 between A and B where the area of cross
(a) 25 (b) 50 (c) 100 (d) 18 section are 40 cm2 and 20 cm2, respectively. Find the rate of flow
40. A liquid of density 750 kgm flows smoothly through a horizontal
–3 of water through the tube. (density of water = 1000 kg m–3)
pipe that tapers in cross-sectional area from A1 = 1.2 × 10–2 m2 to  [9 Jan, 2020 (Shift-I)]
A A
A2 = 1 . The pressure difference between the wide and narrow
2 B
sections of the pipe is 4500 Pa. The rate of flow of liquid is
_________× 10–3m3s–1. [28 June, 2022 (Shift-II)]
41. Consider a water tank as shown in the figure. It’s cross-
sectional area is 0.4 m 2. The tank has an opening B near
the bottom whose cross-sectional area is 1 cm 2. A load of (a) 1810 cm3/s (b) 2420 cm3/s
24 kg is applied on the water at the top when the height of the water (c) 2720 cm3/s (d) 3020 cm3/s
level is 40 cm above the bottom, the velocity of water coming out 46. Two identical cylindrical vessels are kept on the ground and each
the opening B is v ms–1. contain the same liquid of density d. The area of the base of both
vessels is S but the height of liquid in one vessel is x1 and in the other,
The value of v, to the nearest integer, is _______ [Take value of g x2. When both cylinders are connected through a pipe of negligible
to be 10 ms–2] [18 March, 2021 (Shift-II)] volume very close to the bottom, the liquid flows from one vessel to

Fluid Mechanics 259

 the other until it comes to equilibrium at a new height. The change
in energy of the system in the process is: [4 Sep, 2020 (Shift-II)] Surface Tension, Surface Energy
(a) 3 gdS ( x2 − x1 )2 (b) gdS (x2 + x1)2
4
53. A small liquid drop of radius R is divided into 27 identical liquid
(c) 1 gdS ( x2 − x1 )2 (d) gdS (x2 2 + x1 2) drops. If the surface tension is T, then the work done in the process
4 will be: [29 Jan, 2024 (Shift-II)]
47. A fluid is flowing through a horizontal pipe of varying cross-section, (a) 8pR2T (b) 3pR2T
with speed v ms–1 at a point where the pressure is P Pascal. At another 1
P (c) pR2T (d) 4pR2T
point where pressure is Pascal its speed is V ms–1. If the density 8
2
54. A big drop is formed by coalescing 1000 small identical drops of
of the fluid is ρ kg m–3 and the flow is streamline, then V is equal
water. If E1 be the total surface energy of 1000 small drops of water
to:[6 Sep, 2020 (Shift-II)]
and E2 be the surface energy of single big drop of water, the E1 : E2
P 2P is x : 1 where x = ___ _____. [30 Jan, 2024 (Shift-II)]
(a) +v (b) + v2
p p 55. A big drop is formed by coalescing 1000 small droplets of water.
P P The surface energy will become: [1 Feb, 2024 (Shift-II)]
(c) + v2 (d) + v2
2p p (a) 100 times (b) 10 times
48. A train with cross-sectional area St is moving with speed νt inside a 1 1
(c) th (d) th
long tunnel of cross-sectional area S0(S0 = 4St). Assume that almost 10 10
all the air (density ρ) in front of the train flows back between its sides
56. A soap bubble is blown to a diameter of 7 cm. 36960 erg of work
and the walls of the tunnel. Also, the air flow with respect to the is done in blowing it further. If surface tension of soap solution is
train is steady and laminar. Take the ambient pressure and that inside
 22 
the train to be p0. If the pressure in the region between the sides 40 dyne/cm then the new radius is ______ cm. Take :     . 
 7 
7
of the train and the tunnel walls is p, then p0 − p = ρvt2 . The  [04 April, 2024 (Shift-I)]
2N
value of N is _______. [JEE Adv, 2020] 57. A big drop is formed by coalescing 1000 small droplets of water.
49. The top of a water tank is open to air and its water level is The ratio of surface energy of 1000 droplets to that of energy of big
maintained. It is giving out 0.74 m3 water per minute through a 10
drop is . The value of x is _________.
circular opening of 2 cm radius in its wall. The depth of the centre x
 [06 April, 2024 (Shift-I)]
of the opening from the level of water in the tank is close to:
 [9 Jan, 2019 (Shift-II)] 58. Pressure inside a soap bubble is greater than the pressure outside
(a) 6.0 m (b) 4.8 m by an amount: [06 April, 2024 (Shift-II)]
(c) 9.6 m (d) 2.9 m (given : R = Radius of bubble, S = Surface tension of bubble)
50. Water flows into a large tank with flat bottom at the rate of 10 m s .
–4 3 –1
4S 4R S 2S
Water is also leaking out of a hole of area 1 cm2 at its bottom. If the (a) (b) (c) (d)
R S R R
height of the water in the tank remains steady, then this height is:
59. A liquid column of height 0.04 cm balances excess pressure of soap
 [10 Jan, 2019 (Shift-I)] bubble of certain radius. If density of liquid is 8 × 103 kg m–3 and
(a) 5.1 cm (b) 1.7 cm surface tension of soap solution is 0.28 Nm–1, then diameter of the
(c) 4 cm (d) 2.9 cm soap bubble is________cm.
51. Water from a tap emerges vertically downwards with an initial speed (if g = 10 ms–2) [08 April, 2024 (Shift-I)]
of 1.0 ms–1. The cross sectional area of the tap is 10–4m2. Assume 60. The excess pressure inside a soap bubble is thrice the excess pressure
that the pressure is constant throughout the stream of water and inside a second soap bubble. The ratio between the volume of the
that the flow is streamlined. The cross-sectional area of the stream, first and the second bubble is: [09 April, 2024 (Shift-II)]
0.15 m below the tap would be: (Take g = 10 ms–2) (a) 1 : 9 (b) 1 : 3
 [10 April, 2019 (Shift-II)] (c) 1 : 81 (d) 1 : 27
(a) 1 × 10–5 m2 (b) 5 × 10–5 m2 61. A spherical drop of liquid splits into 1000 identical spherical drops.
(c) 2 × 10–5 m2 (d) 5 × 10–4 m2 If mi is the surface eenergy of the original drop and mf is the total
52. A liquid of density ρ is coming out of a hose pipe of radius a with surface energy of the resulting drops, then (ignoring evaporation)
horizontal speed ν and hits a mesh. 50% of the liquid passes through uf  10 
the mesh unaffected. 25% looses all of its momentum and 25% =   . Then value of x is_______ .[25 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II)]
ui  x
comes back with the same speed. The resultant pressure on the mesh
will be:  [11 Jan, 2019 (Shift-I)] 62. Surface tension of a soap bubble is 2.0 × 10–2 Nm–1. Work done to
increase the radius of soap bubble from 3.5 cm to 7 cm will be :
1 2 3 2
(a) ρν (b) ρν 22
4 4 [Use π = ] [29 Jan, 2023 (Shift-I)]
7
1 2 (a) 0.72 × 10–4 J (b) 5.76 × 10–4 J
(c) ρν (d) ρν 2
2 (c) 18.48 × 10 J
–4
(d) 9.24 × 10–4 J

260 JEE Main and Advanced Physics PYQs

63. If 1000 droplets of water of surface tension 0.07 N/m having same 72. Two narrow bores of diameter 5.0 mm and 8.0 mm are joined
radius 1 mm each, combine to form a single drop. In the process together to form a U-shaped tube open at both ends. If this U-tube
the released surface energy is: contains water, what is the difference in the level of two limbs of
the tube.
 22   [31 Jan, 2023 (Shift-I)]
 Take π =  [Take surface tension of water T = 7.3 × 10–2 Nm–1, angle of contact
 7 
= 0, g = 10 ms–2 and density of water = 1.0 × 103 kgm–3]
(a) 7.92 × 10–6 J (b) 7.92 × 10–4 J
 [26 Aug, 2021 (Shift-I)]
(c) 9.68 × 10–4 J (d) 8.8 × 10–5 J
(a) 2.19 mm (b) 4.97 mm (c) 5.34 mm (d) 3.62 mm
64. A mercury drop of radius 10–3 m is broken into 125 equal size 73. When water is filled carefully in a glass, one can fill it to a height
droplets. Surface tension of mercury is 0.45 Nm–1. The gain in h above the rim of the glass due to the surface tension of water. To
surface energy is: [01 Feb 2023 (Shift-I)] calculate h just before water starts flowing, model the shape of the
(a) 2.26 × 10–5 J (b) 28 × 10–5 J water above the rim as a disc of thickness h having semicircular
(c) 17.5 × 10–5 J (d) 5 × 10–5 J edges, as shown schematically in the figure. When the pressure of
water at the bottom of this disc exceeds what can be withstood due
65. The surface tension of soap solution is 3.5 × 10–2 Nm–1. The amount to the surface tension, the water surface breaks near the rim and
of work done required to increase the radius of soap bubble from water starts flowing from there. If the density of water, its surface
10 cm to 20 cm is ____ × 10–4J. [11 April, 2023 (Shift-II)] tension and the acceleration due to gravity are 103 kg m–3, 0.07 Nm–1
66. There is an air bubble of radius 1.0 mm in a liquid of surface and 10 ms–2, respectively, the value of h (in mm) is ____________.
tension 0.075 Nm–1 and density 1000 kg m–3 at a depth of 10 cm  [JEE Adv, 2020]
below the free surface. The amount by which the pressure inside the
bubble is greater than the atmospheric pressure is __________ Pa
(g = 10 ms–2) [15 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
Capillary Rise
67. A water drop of diameter 2 cm is broken into 64 equal droplets. The 74. Given below are two statements: [29 Jan, 2024 (Shift-I)]
surface tension of water is 0.075 N/m. In this process the gain in
surface energy will be: [28 June, 2022 (Shift-I)] Statement-I: If a capillary tube is immersed first in cold water and
then in hot water, the height of capillary rise will be smaller in hot
(a) 2.8×10– 4 J (b) 1.5×10– 3 J
water.
(c) 1.9×10– 4 J (d) 9.4×10– 5 J
Statement-II: If a capillary tube is immersed first in cold water
68. A drop of liquid of density ρ is floating half immersed in a liquid of and then in hot water, the height of capillary rise will be smaller in
density σ and surface tension 7.5×10–4 Ncm–1. The radius of drop in cold water.
cm will be: (g = 10 ms–2) [25 July, 2022 (Shift-II)] In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
15 15 from the options given below
(a) (b)
2ρ − σ ρ−σ (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are true
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are false
3 3 (c) Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false
(c) (d)
2 ρ−σ 20 2ρ − σ (d) Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true
69. A water drop of radius 1 cm is broken into 729 equal droplets. If 75. Given below are two statements:
surface tension of water is 75 dyne /cm, then the gain in surface Statement I: The contact angle between a solid and a liquid is a
energy upto first decimal place will be: property of the material of the solid and liquid as well.
(Given p = 3.14) [26 July, 2022 (Shift-I)] Statement II: The rise of a liquid in a capillary tube does not depend
on the inner radius of the tube.
(a) 8.5 × 10–4 J (b) 8.2 × 10–4 J In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
(c) 7.5 × 10–4 J (d) 5.3 × 10–4 J the options given below: [04 April, 2024 (Shift-II)]
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
70. A large number of water drops, each of radius r, combine to have
(b) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
a drop of radius R. If the surface tension is T and mechanical
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
equivalent of heat is J, the rise in heat energy per unit volume will
be: [26 Feb, 2021 (Shift-I)] (d) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
3T  1 1  2 T 76. Given below are two statements :
(a)  −  (b)
J r R rJ Statement-I: When a capillary tube is dipped into a liquid, the liquid
neither rises nor falls in the capillary. The contact angle may be 0°.
2T  1 1 
(c) 3T (d)  −  Statement-II: The contact angle between a solid and a liquid is a
rJ J r R
property of the material of the solid and liquid as well:
71. Two small drops of mercury each of radius R coalesce to from a In the light of above statement, choose the correct answer from the
single large drop. The ratio of total surface energy before and after options given below. [05 April, 2024 (Shift-I)]
the change is: [20 July, 2021 (Shift-II)] (a) Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true.
1 1
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are true.
(a) 2 3 :1 (b) 1: 2 3 (c) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are false.
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2 (d) Statement-I is true and Statement-II is false.

Fluid Mechanics 261

 77. An incompressible liquid is kept in a container having a weightless level at the center and at the circumference of the beaker is h(h << H,
piston with a hole. A capillary tube of inner radius 0.1 mm is dipped h << r), as shown in the figure on the right. Take this surface to be
vertically into the liquid through the airtight piston hole, as shown in approximately spherical with a radius of curvature R. Which of the
the figure. The air in the container is isothermally compressed from following is/are correct?
(g is the acceleration due to gravity)
its original volume 100 V0 with the movable piston. Considering ah'  [JEE Adv, 2020]
101
as an ideal gas, the height (h) of the liquid column in the capillary 
above the liquid level in cm is_______.
h
[Given: Surface tension of the liquid is 0.075 Nm–1, atmospheric pressure
is 105 Nm–2, acceleration due to gravity (g) is 10 ms–2, density of the H
liquid is 103 kg m–3 and contact angle of capillary surface with the liquid
is zero]  [JEE Adv, 2023]

air Piston h2 + r 2 3r 2
(a) R = (b) R =
2h 2h
h
(c) Apparent depth of the bottom of the beaker is close to
air −1
g 3H  ω2 H 
liquid 1 + 
2  2g 
(d) Apparent depth of the bottom of the beaker is close to
78. The height of liquid column raised in a capillary tube of certain −1
3H  ω2 H 
radius when dipped in liquid A vertically is, 5 cm. If the tube is
4 1 + 4 g 
dipped in a similar manner in another liquid B of surface tension  
and density double the values of liquid A, the height of liquid
h
column raised in liquid B would be_____ m.
 [30 Jan, 2023 (Shift-I)]
(a) 0.20 (b) 0.5 (5) 0.05 (d) 0.10
79. Consider a cylindrical tank of radius 1m is filled with water. The top
surface of water is at 15 m from the bottom of the cylinder. There
is a hole on the wall of cylinder at a height of 5 m from the bottom.
A force of 5 × 105N is applied on the top surface of water using a
piston. The speed of efflux from the hole will be:
(given atmospheric pressure PA = 1.01 × 105 Pa, density of water ρw
= 1000kg /m3 and gravitational acceleration g = 10m/ s2) 82. In an experiment to verify Stokes law, a small spherical ball of radius
 [28 July, 2022 (Shift-II)] r and density ρ falls under gravity through a distance h in air before
entering a tank of water. If the terminal velocity of the ball inside
5 × 10 N
5
water is same as its velocity just before entering the water surface,
then the value of h is proportional to (ignore viscosity of air)
 [5 Sep, 2020 (Shift-II)]
(a) r4 (b) r3 (c) r (d) r2
10m
83. If ‘M’ is the mass of water that rises in a capillary tube of radius
15m
‘r’, then mass of water which will rise in a capillary tube of radius
‘2r’ is: [9 April, 2019 (Shift-I)]
5m
M
(a) 4 M (b) (c) M (d) 2 M
2
(a) 11.6 m/s (b) 10.8 m/s (c) 17.8 m/s (d) 14.4 m/s
84. The ratio of surface tensions of mercury and water is given to
80. A capillary tube made of glass of radius 0.15 mm is dipped vertically be 7.5 while the ratio of their densities is 13.6. Their contact
in a beaker filled with methylene iodide (surface tension = 0.05 angles, with glass, are close to 135° and 0°, respectively. It
Nm–1, density = 667 kg m–3) which rises to height h in the tube. It
is observed that mercury gets depressed by an amount h in a
is observed that the two tangents drawn from liquid-glass interfaces
(from opp. sides of the capillary) make an angle of 60° with one capillary tube of radius r1, while water rises by the same amount
another. Then h is close to (g = 10 ms–2) [2 Sep, 2020 (Shift-II)] h in a capillary tube of radius r2. The ratio, (r1/r2), is then close to:
(a) 0.049 m (b) 0.087 m (c) 0.137 m (d) 0.172 m  [10 April, 2019 (Shift-I)]
4 (a) 3/5 (b) 4/5 (c) 2/3 (d) 2/5
81. A beaker of radius r is filled with water (refractive index )
3 85. A cylindrical capillary tube of 0.2 mm radius is made by joining
up to a height H as shown in the figure on the left. The beaker is two capillaries T1 and T2 of different materials having water contact
kept on a horizontal table rotating with angular speed ω. This makes
angles of 0° and 60°, respectively. The capillary tube is dipped
the water surface curved so that the difference in the height of water
vertically in water in two different configurations, case I and II as

262 JEE Main and Advanced Physics PYQs

 shown in figure. Which of the following option(s) is(are) correct? 89. Suppose you have taken a dilute solution of oleic acid in such a way
(Surface tension of water = 0.075 N/m, density of water that its concentration becomes 0.01 cm3 of oleic acid per cm3 of the
= 1000 kg/m3, take g = 10m/s2) [JEE Adv, 2019] solution. Then you make a thin film of this solution (monomolecular
thickness) of area 4 cm2 by considering 100 spherical drops of radius
1
T2 T2  3 3 −3
Case I   × 10 cm . Then the thickness of oleic acid Layer will be
Case II  40π 
T1 T1
x × 10–14 m. Where x is ________. [17 March, 2021 (Shift-II)]
90. A soap bubble of radius 3 cm is formed inside the another soap
bubble of radius 6 cm. The radius of an equivalent soap bubble
which has the same excess pressure as inside the smaller bubble
(a) The correction in the height of water column raised in the with respect to the atmospheric pressure is _____________ cm.
tube, due to weight of water contained in the meniscus, will be  [26 Aug, 2021 (Shift-I)]
different for both cases. 91. Pressure inside two soap bubbles are 1.01 atm and 1.02 atm,
(b) For case I, if the capillary joint is 5 cm above the water surface, respectively. The ratio of their volumes is:
the height of water column raised in the tube will be more than  [3 Sep, 2020 (Shift-I)]
8.75 cm. (Neglect the weight of the water in the meniscus) (a) 2 : 1 (b) 0.8 : 1 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 8 : 1
(c) For case I, if the joint is kept at 8 cm above the water 92. A air bubble of radius 1 cm in water has an upward
surface, the height of water column in the tube will be 7.5 acceleration 9.8 cm s –2 . The density of water is 1 gm
cm. (Neglect the weight of the water in the meniscus) cm–3 and water offers negligible drag force on the bubble. The mass
(d) For case II, if the capillary joint is 5 cm above the water surface, of the bubble is (g = 980 cm/s2)
the height of water column raised in the tube will be 3.75 cm.  [4 Sep, 2020 (Shift-I)]
(Neglect the weight of the water in the meniscus) (a) 1.52 gm (b) 4.51 gm (c) 3.15 gm (d) 4.15 gm
93. A soap bubble, blown by a mechanical pump at the mouth of a tube,
increases in volume, with time, at a constant rate. The graph that
correctly depicts the time dependence of pressure inside the bubble
Excess Pressure in is given by: [12 Jan, 2019 (Shift-II)]

Drop and Bubble

P P
86. A spherical soap bubble of radius 3 cm is formed inside another (a) (b)
spherical soap bubble of radius 6 cm. If the internal pressure of the
smaller bubble of radius 3 cm in the above system is equal to the 1/t log(t)
internal pressure of the another single soap bubble of radius r cm.
The value of r is ___________.  [27 July, 2022 (Shift-II)]
P P
87. Given below arc two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A)
(c) (d)
and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Clothes containing oil or grease stains cannot be t 1/t3
cleaned by water wash.
Reason (R): Because the angle of contact between the oil/ grease
Viscosity and Viscous Force
and water is obtuse. In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the option given below.
 [29 July, 2022 (Shift-I)] 94. A small steel ball is dropped into a long cylinder containing
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) glycerine. Which one of the following is the correct representation
of the velocity time graph for the transit of the ball?
(b) Both (A) and (R) arc true but (R) is not the correct explanation  [31 Jan, 2024 (Shift-I)]
of (A) v v
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is true but (R) is true (a) (b)
88. When two soap bubbles of radii a and b (b > a) coalesce, the radius
of curvature of common surface is: t t
 [17 March, 2021 (Shift-I)] v v
ab ab
(a) (b)
a+b b−a (c) (d)

b−a a+b
(c) (d) t t
ab ab

Fluid Mechanics 263

 95. Given below are two statements: [27 Jan, 2024 (Shift-I)] 102. A small ball of mass M and density ρ is dropped in a viscous liquid
Statement-I: Viscosity of gases is greater than that of liquids. of density ρ0. After some time, the ball falls with a constant velocity.
What is the viscous force on the ball ? [6 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
Statement-II: Surface tension of a liquid decreases due to the
presence of insoluble impurities.  ρ   ρ 
(a)=F Mg 1 − 0  (b)=F Mg 1 + 
 ρ   ρ 0 
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below:  ρ 
(c)
= F Mg 1 + 0  (d)=F Mg (1 ± ρρ0 )
(a) Statement-I is correct but statement-II is incorrect ρ 

(b) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
(c) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect 103. An air bubble of diameter 6 mm rises steadily through a solution
(d) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct of density 1750 kg/m3 at the rate of 0.35 cm/s. The co-efficient of
viscosity of the solution (neglect density of air) is ___ Pas (given, g
96. A small spherical ball of radius r, falling through a viscous medium = 10 ms–2)  [8 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
of negligible density has terminal velocity 'v'. Another ball of the
104. Match List-I with List-II [8 April, 2023 (Shift-II)]
same mass but of radius 2r, falling through the same viscous medium
will have terminal velocity:  [31 Jan, 2024 (Shift-II)] LIST-I LIST-I
A. Torque I. ML–2T–2
(a) v (b) v (c) 4v (d) 2v
2 4 B. Stress II. ML2T–2
97. A small ball of mass m and density r is dropped in a viscous liquid C. Pressure gradient III. ML–1T–1
of density r0. After sometime, the ball falls with constant velocity. D. Coefficient of viscosity IV. ML–1T–2
The viscous force on the ball is: [06 April, 2024 (Shift-I)]
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
    (a) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II (b) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
(a) mg  0  1 (b) mg 1  
     0  (c) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III (d) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
   105. Eight equal drops of water are falling through air with a steady speed
(c) mg(1 – rr0) (d) mg 1  0  of 10 cm/s. If the drops coalesce, the new velocity is:
 
 [11 April, 2023 (Shift-II)]
98. Small water droplets of radius 0.01 mm are formed in the upper (a) 10 cm/s (b) 40 cm/s (c) 16 cm/s (d) 5 cm/s
atmosphere and falling with a terminal velocity of 10  cm/s. Due to
condensation, if 8 such droplets are coalesced and formed a larger 106. The terminal velocity (v1 ) of the spherical rain drop depends on the
drop, the new terminal velocity will be ………..cm/s. radius (r) of the spherical rain drop as:
[25 June, 2022 (Shift-I)]
 [08 April, 2024 (Shift-II)]
(a) r1/2 (b) r (c) r2 (d) r3
99. A spherical ball of radius 1× 10 m and density 105 kg/m3 falls freely
–4

under gravity through a distance h before entering a tank of water, 107. The velocity of upper layer of water in a river is 36 kmh–1.
If after entering in water the velocity of the ball does not change, Shearing stress between horizontal layers of water is
then the value of h is approximately : 10–3 Nm–2. Depth of the river is ______ m. (Co-efficient of viscosity
(The coefficient of viscosity of water is 9.8 × 10 –6 N s/m2) of water is 10–2 Pa.s) [25 June, 2022 (Shift-I)]
 [09 April, 2024 (Shift-II)] 108. The velocity of a small ball of mass 'm' and density d1 when dropped
(a) 2296 m (b) 2249 m in a container filled with glycerine, becomes constant after some
(c) 2518 m (d) 2396 m time. If the density of glycerine is d2, then the viscous force acting
100. A spherical ball of radius 1 mm and density 10.5 g/cc is dropped in on the ball, will be: [27 June, 2022 (Shift-I)]
glycerine of coefficient of viscosity 9.8 poise and density 1.5 g/cc.
 d   d 
Viscous force on the ball when it attains constant velocity is 3696 (a) mg 1 − 1  (b) mg 1 − 2 
× 10–xN. The value of x is_______. [24 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II)]  d2   d1 
22 d 
(c) mg  d1 − 1
2
(Given, g = 9.8 m / s and π = ) (d) mg  2 − 1
7 d
 1 
 d2 
101. A metal block of base area 0.20 m2 is placed on a table, as shown in
the figure. A liquid film of thickness 0.25 mm is inserted between 109. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A
the block and the table. The block is pushed by a horizontal force and the other is labelled as Reason R.
of 0.1 N and moves with a constant speed. If the viscosity of the Assertion A: Product of Pressure (P) and time (t) has the same
liquid is 5.0 × 10–3 Pl, the speed of the block is ______ × 10–3 m/s. dimension as that of coefficient of viscosity.
[29 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II)] Force
Reason R: Coefficient of viscosity =
Velocity gradient
F = 0.1 N Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
liquid film  [28 June, 2022 (Shift-I)]
(a) Both A and R true, and R is correct explanation of A.
Table (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

264 JEE Main and Advanced Physics PYQs

 110. A water drop of radius 1 µm falls in a situation where the effect of 115. In Millikan’s oil drop experiment, what is viscous force acting on
buoyant force is negligible. Co-efficient of viscosity of air is 1.8 an uncharged drop of radius 2.0 × 10–5 and density 1.2 × 103 kgm–3?
×10–5 Nsm–2 and its density is negligible as compared to that of Take viscosity of liquid = 1.8 × 10–5 Nsm–2. (Neglect buoyancy due
water 106 gm–[Link] velocity of the water drop is: to air).  [27 Aug, 2021 (Shift-I)]
 [28 June, 2022 (Shift-II)] (a) 5.8 × 10–10 N (b) 1.8 × 10–10 N
(Take acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms–2) (c) 3.8 × 10–10 N (d) 3.9 × 10–10 N
(a) 145.4 × 10–6 ms–1 (b) 118.0 × 10–6 ms–1
116. As shown schematically in the figure, two vessels contain water
(c) 132.6 × 10 ms
–6 –1
(d) 123.4 × 10–6 ms–1
solutions (at temperature T) of potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
111. A small spherical ball of radius 0.1 mm and density 104 kgm–3 falls of different concentrations n1 and n2 (n1 > n2) molecules per unit
freely under gravity through a distance h before entering a tank of volume with ∆n = (n1 – n2) << n1. When they are connected by a
water. If, after entering the water the velocity inside water, then the tube of small length  and cross-sectional area S, KMnO4 starts to
value of h will be ________m.  [29 June, 2022 (Shift-II)] diffuse from the left to the right vessel through the tube. Consider
(Given g = 10 ms–2, viscosity of water = 1.0 × 10–5 N-sm–2). the collection of molecules to behave as dilute ideal gases and the
difference in their partial pressure in the two vessels causing the
112. The diameter of an air bubble which was initially 2mm, rises steadily
diffusion. The speed v of the molecules is limited by the viscous
through a solution of density 1750 kgm–3 at the rate of 0.35 cms–1.
force–βv on each molecule, where β is a constant. Neglecting all
The coefficient of viscosity of the solution is _________ poise (in
terms of the order (∆n)2, which of the following is/are correct? (kB
nearest integer). (The density of air is negligible).
is the Boltzmann constant): [JEE Adv, 2020]
 [28 July, 2022 (Shift-I)] (a) The force causing the molecules to move across the tube is
113. The velocity of a small ball of mass 0.3g and density 8g/cc when ∆nkBTS
dropped in a container filled with glycerine becomes constant after (b) Force balance implies n1βv = ∆nk BT
some time. If the density of glycerine is 1.3 g/cc, then the value (c) Total number of molecules going across the tube per sec is
of viscous force acting on the ball will be x × 10–4 N, value of x is  ∆n   k BT 
_________ [use g = 10 m/s2]  [29 July, 2022 (Shift-II)]   S
   β 
114. A raindrop with radius R = 0.2 mm falls from a cloud at a height
(d) Rate of molecules getting transferred through the tube does not
h = 2000 m above the ground. Assume that the drop is spherical
change with time
through its fall and the force of buoyance may be neglected, then
the terminal speed attained by the raindrop is: 117. A solid sphere, of radius R acquires a terminal velocity v1 when
 [27 July, 2021 (Shift-II)] falling (due to gravity) through a viscous fluid having a coefficient
of viscosity η. The sphere is broken into 27 identical solid spheres.
[Density of water ρw = 1000 kgm–3 and Density of air ρa = 1.2 kg–3,
If each of these spheres acquires a terminal velocity, v2, when falling
g = 10 m/s2 through the same fluid, the ratio (v1/v2) equals :
Coefficient of viscosity of air = 1.8 × 10–5 Nsm–2]  [12 April, 2019 (Shift-II)]
(a) 4.94 ms–1 (b) 14.4 ms–1 (a) 27 (b) 1/27
(c) 43.56 ms–1 (d) 250.6 ms–1 (c) 9 (d) 1/9

JEE-Advanced
15 35
Calculation of Pressure, (a) (b)
14 33
Pascal’s Law (c)
7
(d)
5
6 4
Single Correct 2. A small spherical monatomic ideal gas bubble (γ = 5/3) is trapped
1. An open-ended U-tube of inside a liquid of density ρl (see figure). Assume that the bubble does
uniform cross-sectional not exchange any heat with the liquid. The bubble contains n moles
area contains water (density 0.1m of gas. The temperature of the gas when the bubble is at the bottom
10 kg m ). Initially
3 –3 is T0, the height of the liquid is H and the atmospheric pressure is
the water level stands at h1 p0 (Neglect surface tension) (JEE Adv. 2008)
h2 p0
0.29 m from the bottom in each Liquid
arm. Kerosene oil (a water-
immiscible liquid) of density
800 kg m–3 is added to the left arm until its length is 0.1 m, as shown H
y
h 
in the schematic figure below. The ratio  1  of the heights of the
liquid in the two arms is:  h2  When the gas bubble is at a height y from the bottom, its temperature
 C-32.48 W-27.38 UA-40.14 PC-0 (JEE Adv. 2020) is

Fluid Mechanics 265

 2/5 2/5 7. A column of mercury of length 10 cm is contained in the middle
   p + ρl g ( H − y ) 
(a) T0  p0 + ρl gH  (b) T0  0  of a horizontal tube of length 1m which is closed at both the ends.
 p + ρ gy  p0 + ρl gH
 0 l    The two equal lengths contain air at standard atmospheric pressure
3/5 3/5 of 0.76 m of mercury. The tube is now turned to a vertical position.
(c) T  p0 + ρl gH 
 (d) T  p0 + ρl g ( H − y )  By what distance will the column of mercury be displaced?
0 0 
 p0 + ρl gy   p0 + ρl gH  Assume temperature to be constant. (IIT JEE 1978)
3. A closed compartment containing gas is moving with some
acceleration in horizontal direction. Neglect effect of gravity.
True/False
Then, the pressure in the compartment is  (IIT-JEE 1999) 8. A barometer made of a very narrow tube (see figure) is placed
(a) Same everywhere (b) Lower in the front side at normal temperature and pressure. The coefficient of volume
(c) Lower in rear side (d) Lower in upper side expansion of mercury is 0.00018/°C and that of the tube is
negligible. The temperature of mercury in the barometer is now
4. A U-tube of uniform cross-section is partially filled with a liquid
raised by 1°C but the temperature of the atmosphere does not
I. Another liquid II which does not mix with liquid I is poured into
change. Then, the mercury height in the tube remains unchanged
one side. It is found that the liquid levels of the two sides of the
 (IIT-JEE 1983)
tube are the same, while the level of liquid I has risen by 2cm. If
the specific gravity of liquid I is 1.1, the specific gravity of liquid Vacuum
II must be  (IIT-JEE 1983)
(a) 1.12 (b) 1.1 (c) 1.05 (d) 1.0
Hg
Multiple Correct
5. A cylindrical tube, with its base as shown in the figure, is filled
with water. It is moving down with a constant acceleration a along
a fixed inclined plane with angle q = 45°. P1 and P2 are pressures
at points 1 and 2, respectively, located at the base of the tube. Let
b = (P1 – P2)/(rgd), where r is density of water, d is the inner
9. Water in a closed tube (see figure) is heated with one arm vertically
diameter of the tube and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Which
placed above a lamp. Water will begin to circulate along the tube in
of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?
d counter-clockwise direction. (IIT-JEE 1983)

g A B

1 a
 = 45º Subjective

 C-6.31 W-24.09 UA-61.58 PC-8.02 (JEE Adv. 2021) 10. A U-shaped tube contains a liquid of density ρ and it is rotated about
the line as shown in the figure. Find the difference in the levels of
(a) b = 0 when a = g / 2 (b) b > 0 when a = g / 2 the liquid column. (JEE Adv. 2005)

2 −1 1
(c) β = when a = g/2 (d) β = when
2 2
H
Numerical Types/Integer Types
6. A cylindrical vessel of height 500 mm has an orifice (small hole)
at its bottom. The orifice is initially closed and water is filled in it
upto height H. Now, the top is completely sealed with a cap and
the orifice at the bottom is opened. Some water comes out from the L
orifice and the water level in the vessel becomes steady with the
height of the water column being 200mm. Find the fall in height 11. Two identical cylindrical vessels with their bases at the same level
(in mm) of water level due to opening of the orifice. each contain a liquid of density ρ. The height of the liquid in one
vessel is h1 and in the other is h2. The area of either base is A. What
[Take atmospheric pressure = 10 × 105 Nm–2, density of water
is the work done by gravity in equalizing the levels when the two
= 1000 kg.m–3 and g = 10 ms–2. Neglect any effect of surface
tension.] (JEE Adv. 2009) vessels are connected?  (IIT JEE 1981)

266 JEE Main and Advanced Physics PYQs

 h1
“Archimedes Principle and
Force of Buoyancy” /3 h


Single Correct
12. A thin uniform cylindrical shell, closed at both ends, is partially filled 2r
with water. It is floating vertically in water in a half-submerged state. The block in the above question is maintained at the position by
If ρc is the relative density of the material of the shell with respect external means and the level of liquid is lowered. The height h2
to water, then the correct statement is that the shell is when this external force reduces to zero is (JEE Adv. 2006)
 C-15.83 W-40.69 UA-43.48 (JEE Adv. 2012)
(a) More than half-filled if ρc is less than 0.5
(b) More than half-filled if ρc is more than 1.0 /3 h2
(c) Half-filled if ρc is more than 0.5
(d) Less than half-filled if ρc is less than 0.5

13. A wooden block, with a coin placed on its top, floats in water as
shown in figure. The distance l and h are shown there. After some (a) 4h/9 (b) 5h/9
time the coin falls into the water. Then (IIT-JEE 2002)
(c) Remains same (d) 2h/3
Coin
17. A body floats in a liquid contained in a beaker. The whole system
l as shown in figure falls freely under gravity. The upthrust on the
body is  (IIT-JEE 1982)
h

(a) l decreases and h increases (b) l increases and h decreases

(c) Both l and h increase (d) Both l and h decrease
(a) Zero
14. A hemispherical portion of radius R is removed from the bottom
(b) Equal to the weight of liquid displaced
of a cylinder of radius R. The volume of the remaining cylinder is
(c) Equal to the weight of the body in air
V and mass M. It is suspended by a string in a liquid of density ρ,
where it stays vertical. The upper surface of the cylinder is at a depth (d) Equal to the weight of the immersed portion of the body
h below the liquid surface. The force on the bottom of the cylinder 18. A vessel containing water is given a constant acceleration towards
by the liquid is  (IIT-JEE 2001) the right along a straight horizontal path. Which of the following
diagrams represents the surface of the liquid?  (IIT-JEE 1981)

h (a) a (b) a


R
(c) a (d) None of these
(a) Mg (b) Mg – Vρg
(c) Mg + πR hρg
2
(d) ρg(V + πR2h) 19. A metal ball immersed in alcohol weighs w1 at 0°C and w2 at 50°C.
15. A vessel contains oil (density = 0.8 g/cm ) over mercury (density
3 The coefficient of cubical expansion of the metal is less than that of
=13.6 g/cm3). A homogeneous sphere floats with half its volume the alcohol. Assuming that the density of the metal is large compared
to that of alcohol, it can be shown that (IIT-JEE 1980)
immersed in mercury and the other half in oil. The density of the
material of the sphere in g/cm3 is (IIT JEE 1988)
(a) 3.3 (b) 6.4
(c) 7.2 (d) 12.8
16. A wooden cylinder of diameter 4r, height h and density ρ/3 is kept
on a hole of diameter 2r of the tank, filled with liquid of density ρ (a) w1 > w2 (b) w1 = w2
as shown in the figure. (c) w1 < w2 (d) All of these

Fluid Mechanics 267

 20. The buoyancy force acting on the gas bubble is (Assume R is the Comprehension Based/Passage Based
universal gas constant) (IIT-JEE 2008) Direction (Q. 38-39): A wooden cylinder of diameter 4r, height h and
( p0 + ρl gH )
2/5
density ρ/3 is kept on a hole of diameter 2r of the tank, filled with liquid
(a) ρl nRgT0 of density ρ as shown in the figure. (JEE Adv. 2006)
( p0 + ρl gy )
2/5

ρl nRgT0 h1
(b) 3/5
( p0 + ρl gH )  p0 + ρl g ( H − y ) 
2/5
p/3 h
( p0 + ρl gH )
3/5

(c) ρl nRgT0 
( p0 + ρl gy )
8/5

ρl nRgT0 2r
(d) 2/5
( p0 + ρl gH )  p0 + ρl g ( H − y ) 
3/5
24. Now the level of the liquid starts decreasing slowly. When the level
of liquid is at a height h1 above the cylinder the block starts moving
Multiple Correct up. At what value of h1, will the block rise?
21. A solid sphere of radius R and density ρ is attached to one end of a (a) 4h/9 (b) 5h/9
massless spring of force constant k. The other end of the spring is (c) 5h/3 (d) Remains same
connected to another solid sphere of radius R and density 3ρ. The
complete arrangement is placed in a liquid of density 2ρ and is 25. If height h2 of water level is further decreased, then
allowed to reach equilibrium. The correct statement(s) is (are) (a) Cylinder will not move up and remains at its original position
 C-15.5 W-41.64 UA-42.85 (JEE Adv. 2013) (b) For h2 = h/3, cylinder again starts moving up
(a) The net elongation of the spring is (4πR ρg)/3k 3
(c) For h2 = h/4, cylinder again starts moving up
(b) The net elongation of the spring is (8πR3ρg)/3k (d) For h2 = h/5, cylinder again starts moving up
(c) The light sphere is partially submerged 26. A homogeneous solid cylinder of length L and cross-sectional
(d) The light sphere is completely submerged area A/5 is immersed such that it floats with its axis vertical at the
liquid-liquid interface with length L/4 in the denser liquid as shown
22. The spring balance A reads 2 kg with a block m suspended from it. A
balance B reads 5 kg when a beaker with liquid is put on the pan of in the figure. The lower density liquid is open to atmosphere having
the balance. The two balances are now so arranged that the hanging pressure P0(IIT-JEE 1995)
mass is inside the liquid in the beaker as shown in the figure. In this
situation. (IIT-JEE 1985)
d

A
2d

Then, density D of solid is given by

B (a) 5/4d (b) 4/5d (c) 4d (d) d/5

Fill in the Blanks

(a) The balance A will read more than 2 kg 27. A piece of metal floats on mercury. The coefficients of volume
(b) The balance B will read more than 5 kg expansion of the metal and mercury are γ1 and γ2 respectively. If
(c) The balance A will read less than 2 kg and B will read more the temperatures of both mercury and the metal are increased by
than 5 kg an amount ΔT, the fraction of the volume of the metal submerged
(d) The balances A and B will read 2 kg and 5 kg respectively in mercury changes by the factor ___________. (IIT-JEE 1991)

Numerical Types/Integer Types True/False

23. A hot air balloon is carrying some passengers, and a few 28. A block of ice with a lead shot embedded in it is floating on water
sandbags of mass 1 kg each so that its total mass is 480 kg. contained in a vessel. The temperature of the system is maintained
Its effective volume giving the balloon its buoyancy is V. The at 0°C as the ice melts. When the ice melts completely the level of
balloon is floating at an equilibrium height of 100 m. When N water in the vessel rises. (IIT-JEE 1986)
number of sandbags are thrown out, the balloon rises to a new
Subjective
equilibrium height close to 150 m with its volume V remaining
unchanged. If the variation of the density of air with height h 29. A uniform solid cylinder of density 0.8 g/cm3 floats in equilibrium
h in a combination of two non‑mixing liquids A and B with its axis
vertical. The densities of the liquids A and B are 0.7 g/cm3 and
from the ground is ρ ( h ) =
h0
ρ0 e , where ρ0=1.25 kg m–3 and
1.2 g/cm3, respectively. The height of liquid A is hA = 1.2 cm.
h0= 6000 m, the value of N is ________. The length of the part of the cylinder immersed in liquid B is
 C-5.02 W-16.05 UA-78.93 (JEE Adv. 2020) hB = 0.8 cm. (IIT-JEE 2002)

268 JEE Main and Advanced Physics PYQs

 33. A boat floating in a water tank is carrying a number of large stones.
Air If the stones are unloaded into water, what will happen to the water
h
level?  (IIT-JEE 1979)
A hA 34. A wooden plank of length 1 m and uniform cross-section is hinged
at one end to the bottom of a tank as shown in figure. The tank is
hB
filled with water upto a height 0.5 m. The specific gravity of the
B
plank is 0.5. Find the angle q that the plank makes with the vertical
in the equilibrium position (exclude the case q = 0°).
(a) Find the total force exerted by liquid A on the cylinder.
(b) Find h, the length of the part of the cylinder in air.
(c) The cylinder is depressed in such a way that its top surface is
just below the upper surface of liquid A and is then released. 
 (IIT-JEE 1984)
Find the acceleration of the cylinder immediately after it is
released.
30. A wooden stick of length L, radius R and density ρ has a small metal “Continuity Equation, Bernoulli
piece of mass m (of negligible volume) attached to its one end. Find
the minimum value for the mass m (in terms of given parameters)
Theorem and Their Application”
that would make the stick float vertically in equilibrium in a liquid
of density σ(> ρ)  (IIT-JEE 1999) Single Correct
31. A container of large uniform cross-sectional area A resting on 35. Water is filled in a cylindrical container to a height of 3 m. The
a horizontal surface, holds two immiscible, non-viscous and ratio of the cross-sectional area of the orifice and the beaker is 0.1.
incompressible liquids of densities d and 2d, each of height H/2 as The square of the speed of the liquid coming out from the orifice is
shown in figure. The lower density liquid is open to the atmosphere (g = 10 m/s2) (JEE Adv. 2005)
having pressure p0  (IIT-JEE 1995)

3m
H/2
52.5 cm

H/2 (a) 50 m2/s2 (b) 50.5 m2/s2 (c) 51 m2/s2 (d) 52 m2/s2
h
36. A large open tank has two holes in the wall. One is a square hole
x of side L at a depth y from the top and the other is a circular hole
A homogeneous solid cylinder of length L(L < H/2), cross-sectional of radius R at a depth 4y from the top. When the tank is completely
area A/5 is immersed such that it floats with its axis vertical at filled with water, the quantities of water flowing out per second
the liquid-liquid interface with length L/4 in the denser liquid. from both holes are the same. Then, R is equal to (IIT-JEE 2000)
Determine L L
(a) (b) 2pL (c) L (d)
(a) the density D of the solid, 2π 2π
(b) the total pressure at the bottom of the container. 37. Water from a tap emerges vertically downwards with an initial speed
of 1.0m/s. The cross-sectional area of the tap is 10–4 m2. Assume that
32. A ball of density d is dropped onto a horizontal solid surface. It
the pressure is constant throughout the steam of water and that the
bounces elastically from the surface and returns to its original
flow is steady, the cross-sectional area of stream 0.15m below the
position in a time t1. Next, the ball is released and it falls through
tap is (IIT-JEE 1998)
the same height before striking the surface of a liquid of density dL (a) 5.0 ×10–4 m2 (b) 1.0 × 10–4 m2
 (IIT-JEE 1992)
(c) 5.0 × 10–5 m2 (d) 2.0 × 10–5 m2
(a) If d < dL, obtain an expression (in terms of d, t1 and dL) for
the time t2 the ball takes to come back to the position from Comprehension Based/Passage Based
which it was released. A spray gun is shown in the figure where a piston pushes air out of nozzle.
(b) Is the motion of the ball simple harmonic? A thin tube of uniform cross-section is connected to the nozzle. The other
(c) If d = dL, how does the speed of the ball depend on its depth end of the tube is in a small liquid container. As the piston pushes air
inside the liquid? through the nozzle, the liquid from the container rises into the nozzle and
is sprayed out. For the spray gun shown, the radii of the piston and the
Neglect all frictional and other dissipative forces. Assume
nozzle are 20 mm and 1 mm respectively. The upper end of the container
the depth of the liquid to be large.
is open to the atmosphere.

Fluid Mechanics 269

 Assertion and Reason/Statement Based
43. Statement-I: The stream of water flowing at high speed from a
garden hose pipe tends to spread like a fountain when held vertically
up, but tends to narrow down when held vertically down.
38. If the piston is pushed at a speed of 5 mm/s, the air comes out of Statement-II: In any steady flow of an incompressible fluid, the
the nozzle with a speed of volume flow rate of the fluid remains constant.
 C-45.62 W-28.4 UA-25.97 (JEE Adv. 2014) Mark your answer as (2008 IIT-JEE)
(a) 0.1 ms–1 (b) 1 ms–1 (c) 2 ms–1 (d) 8 ms–1 (a) If Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true; Statement-II is the
correct explanation for Statement-I.
39. If the density of air is ρa and that of the liquid ρl, then for a given
(b) If Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true; Statement-II is not
piston speed the rate (volume per unit time) at which the liquid is
a correct explanation for Statement-I.
sprayed will be proportional to
(c) If Statement-I is true; Statement-II is false.
 C-23.3 W-31.22 UA-45.48 (JEE Adv. 2014)
(d) If Statement-I is false; Statement-II is true.
ρa ρl
(a) (b) ρa ρl (c) (d) rl Subjective
ρl ρa
44. Consider a horizontally oriented syringe containing water located at
Match the Column a height of 1.25 m above the ground. The diameter of the plunger is
40. A person in a lift is holding a water jar, which has a small hole at the 8mm and the diameter of the nozzle is 2mm. The plunger is pushed
with a constant speed of 0.25 m/s. Find the horizontal range of the
lower end of its side. When the lift is at rest, the water jet coming
water stream on the ground. (Take g = 10 m/s2)
out of the hole hits the floor of the lift at a distance d of 1.2m from
the person. In the following, the state of the lift’s motion is given  (IIT-JEE 2004)
in List-I and the distance where the water jet hits the floor of the D = 2 mm
D = 8 mm
lift is given in List-II. Match the statements from List-I with those
in List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below 1.25 m
the lists. C-16.16 W-73.98 UA-9.85 (JEE Adv. 2014)

List-I List-II 45. A non-viscous liquid of constant density 1000 kg/m3 flows in
A.  ift is accelerating vertically
L (p) d = 1.2 m streamline motion along a tube of variable cross-section. The tube
up. is kept inclined in the vertical plane as shown in the figure. The area
of cross-section of the tube at two points P and Q at heights of 2 m
B.  ift is accelerating vertically
L (q) d > 1.2 m and 5 m are respectively 4 × 10–3 m2 and 8 × 10–3 m2. The velocity
down with an acceleration less of the liquid at point P is 1 m/s. Find the work done per unit volume
than gravitational acceleration. by the pressure and the gravity forces as the fluid flows from point
P to Q. (IIT-JEE 1997)
C.  ift is moving vertically up with
L (r) d < 1.2 m Q
constant speed.
D. Lift is falling freely. (s) o water leaks
N
out of the jar P

(a) A-q, B-r, C-q, D-s 5m

(b) A-q, B-r, C-p, D-s 2m
(c) A-p, B-p, C-p, D-s
46. A large open top container of negligible mass and uniform cross-
(d) A-q, B-r, C-p, D-p
sectional area A has a small hole of cross-sectional area A/100 in
Numerical Types/Integer Types its side wall near the bottom. The container is kept on a smooth
horizontal floor and contains a liquid of density ρ and mass m0.
41. A train with cross-sectional area St is moving with speed νt inside a Assuming that the liquid starts flowing out horizontally through
long tunnel of cross-sectional area S0(S0 = 4St). Assume that almost the hole at t = 0. Calculate  (IIT-JEE 1997)
all the air (density ρ) in front of the train flows back between its sides (a) The acceleration of the container and
and the walls of the tunnel. Also, the air flow with respect to the (b) Velocity of efflux when 75% of the liquid has drained out
train is steady and laminar. Take the ambient pressure and that inside
the train to be p0. If the pressure in the region between the sides
7 Viscosity and Viscous Force
of the train and the tunnel walls is p, then p0 − p = ρvt2 . The
2N
value of N is ______. C-1.47 W-20.13 UA-78.4 (JEE Adv. 2020)
Multiple Correct
42. A horizontal pipeline carries water in a streamline flow. At a point
along the pipe, where the cross-sectional area is 10 cm2, the water 47. Consider a thin square plate floating on a viscous liquid in a large
tank. The height h of the liquid in the tank is much less than the
velocity is 1 ms–1 and the pressure is 2000 Pa. The pressure of water
width of the tank. The floating plate is pulled horizontally with a
at another point where the cross-sectional area is 5 cm2, is ...,. Pa.
constant velocity u0. Which of the following statements is (are) true?
(Density of water = 103 kg-m3) (IIT-JEE 1994)  C-9.64 W-16.36 UA-36.76 PC-37.24 (JEE Adv. 2018)

270 JEE Main and Advanced Physics PYQs

 (a) The resistive force of liquid on the plate is inversely
proportional to h Surface Tension, Surface Energy,
(b) The resistive force of liquid on the plate is independent of
the area of the plate Excess Pressure, Capillary Rise,
(c) The tangential (shear) stress on the floor of the tank Viscosity and Viscous Force
increases with u0
(d) The tangential (shear) stress on the plate varies linearly with Single Correct
the viscosity η of the liquid
52. A small spherical monatomic ideal gas bubble (γ = 5/3) is trapped
48. Two spheres P and Q for equal radii have densities ρ1 and ρ2, inside a liquid of density ρl (see figure). Assume that the bubble does
respectively. The spheres are connected by a massless string and not exchange any heat with the liquid. The bubble contains n moles
placed in liquids L1 and L2 of densities σ1 and σ2 and viscosities η1 of gas. The temperature of the gas when the bubble is at the bottom
and η2, respectively. They float in equilibrium with the sphere P in is T0, the height of the liquid is H and the atmospheric pressure is
p0 (Neglect surface tension) (JEE Adv. 2008)
L1 and sphere Q in L2 and the string being taut (see figure). If sphere p0
Liquid
P alone in L2 has terminal velocity vP and Q alone in L1 has terminal
velocity vQ, then (JEE Adv. 2015)
H
y
L1
P
As the bubble moves upwards, besides the buoyancy force the
L2
following forces are acting on it.
Q
(a) Only the force of gravity
(a) |vP|/|vQ| = η1/η2 (b) |vP|/|vQ| = η2/η1 (b) The force due to gravity and the force due to the pressure
of the liquid
(c) vP .vQ > 0 (d) vP .vQ < 0
(c) The force due to gravity, the force due to the pressure of
Numerical Types/Integer Types the liquid and the force due to viscosity of the liquid
49. Consider two solid spheres P and Q each of density 8g cm–3 and (d) The force due to gravity and the force due to viscosity of
diameters 1 cm and 0.5 cm, respectively. Sphere P is dropped into the liquid
a liquid of density 0.8 gm/cm3 and viscosity η = 3 Poiseuille’s. 53. A glass capillary tube is of the shape of a truncated cone with an apex
Sphere Q is dropped into a liquid of density 1.6 gm/cm3 and viscosity angle α so that its two ends have cross-sections of different radii.
η = 2 Poiseuille’s. The ratio of the terminal velocities of P and Q is When dipped in water vertically, water rises in it to a height h, where
the radius of its cross-section is b. If the surface tension of water is
 C-42.06 W-53.93 UA-4 (JEE Adv. 2016)
S, its density is ρ, and its contact angle with glass is θ, the value of h
50. A liquid of density 900 kg/m3 is filled in a cylindrical tank of upper will be (g is the acceleration due to gravity) (JEE Adv. 2014)
radius 0.9 m and lower radius 0.3 m. A capillary tube of length l
h
is attached at the bottom of the tank as shown in the figure. The
capillary has outer radius 0.002 m and inner radius a. When pressure
p is applied at the top of the tank, the volume flow rate of the liquid is
8 × 10–6 m3/s and if the capillary tube is detached, the liquid comes
out from the tank with a velocity 10 m/s. (JEE Adv. 2003) (a) 2S/bρg cos (θ – α) (b) 2S/bρg cos (θ + α)
Determine the coefficient of viscosity of the liquid. (c) 2S/bρg cos (θ – α/2) (d) 2S/bρg cos (θ + α/2)
[Given, πa2 = 10–6 m2 and a2/l = 2 × 10–6 m] 54. Water is filled up to a height h in a beaker of radius R as shown in
0.9 m the figure. The density of water is ρ, the surface tension of water
is T and the atmospheric pressure is p0. Consider a vertical section
ABCD of the water column through a diameter of the beaker. The
force on water on one side of this section by water on the other side
H 0.3 m of this section has magnitude. (JEE Adv. 2007)

2R
B
l A

Subjective C h
51. A small sphere falls from rest in a viscous liquid. Due to friction,
heat is produced. Find the relation between the rate of production D
of heat and the radius of the sphere at terminal velocity. (a) |2p0Rh + πR ρgh – 2RT|
2
(b) |2p0Rh + Rρgh2 – 2RT|
 (JEE Adv. 2004) (c) | p0πR2 + Rρgh – 2RT|
2
(d) | p0πR2 + Rρgh2 + 2RT|

Fluid Mechanics 271

 55. A glass tube of uniform internal radius (r) has a valve separating the difference in their partial pressure in the two vessels causing the
two identical ends. Initially, the valve is in a tightly closed position. diffusion. The speed v of the molecules is limited by the viscous
End 1 has a hemispherial soap bubble of radius r. End 2 has sub- force–βv on each molecule, where β is a constant. Neglecting all
hemispherical soap bubble as shown in figure. Just after opening terms of the order (∆n)2, which of the following is/are correct?
the valve. (IIT-JEE 2008) (kB is the Boltzmann constant):

2 1

(a) air from end 1 flows towards end 2. No change in the volume
of the soap bubbles n1 n1
l
(b) air from end 1 flows towards end 2. Volume of the soap bubble
at end 1 decreases
(c) no change occurs  C-4.69 W-11.5 UA-64.47 PC-19.34 (JEE Adv. 2020)

(d) air from end 2 flows towards end 1. Volume of the soap bubble (a) The force causing the molecules to move across the tube is
at end 1 increases ∆nkBTS
(b) Force balance implies n1β v =∆nk BT
Multiple Correct
(c) Total number of molecules going across the tube per sec is
4
56. A beaker of radius r is filled with water (refractive index )  ∆n   k BT 
3   S
up to a height H as shown in the figure on the left. The beaker
   β 
is kept on a horizontal table rotating with angular speed ω. This (d) Rate of molecules getting transferred through the tube does
makes the water surface curved so that the difference in the height not change with time
of water level at the center and at the circumference of the beaker is 58. A cylindrical capillary tube of 0.2 mm radius is made by joining
h(h << H, h << r), as shown in the figure on the right. Take this two capillaries T1 and T2 of different materials having water contact
surface to be approximately spherical with a radius of curvature R. angles of 0° and 60°, respectively. The capillary tube is dipped
Which of the following is/are correct?
vertically in water in two different configurations, case I and II as
(g is the acceleration due to gravity) shown in figure. Which of the following option(s) is(are) correct?
 C-7.99 W-23.73 UA-56.53 PC-11.75 (JEE Adv. 2020) (Surface tension of water = 0.075 N/m, density of water
 = 1000 kg/m3, take g = 10m/s2)
 C-4 W-14 UA-55 PC-27 (JEE Adv, 2019)
h
T2 T2
H Case I Case II
T1 T1

h2 + r 2
(a) R =
2h
3r 2 (a) The correction in the height of water column raised in the
(b) R = tube, due to weight of water contained in the meniscus, will
2h be different for both cases.
(c) Apparent depth of the bottom of the beaker is close to
(b) For case I, if the capillary joint is 5 cm above the water surface,
−1
3H  ω2 H  the height of water column raised in the tube will be more than
1 +  8.75 cm. (Neglect the weight of the water in the meniscus)
2  2 g 
(c) For case I, if the joint is kept at 8 cm above the water surface, the
(d) Apparent depth of the bottom of the beaker is close to height of water column in the tube will be 7.5 cm. (Neglect the
−1 weight of the water in the meniscus)
3H  ω2 H 
1 +  (d) For case II, if the capillary joint is 5 cm above the water surface,
4  4g  the height of water column raised in the tube will be 3.75 cm.
57. As shown schematically in the figure, two vessels contain water (Neglect the weight of the water in the meniscus)
solutions (at temperature T) of potassium permaganate (KMnO4) 59. A uniform capillary tube of inner radius r is dipped vertically into a
of different concentrations n1 and n2 (n1 > n2) molecules per unit beaker filled with water. The water rises to a height h in the capillary
volume with ∆n = (n1 – n2) << n1. When they are connected by a tube above the water surface in the beaker. The surface tension of
tube of small length  and cross-sectional area S, KMnO4 starts to water is σ. The angle of contact between water and the wall of the
diffuse from the left to the right vessel through the tube. Consider capillary tube is θ. Ignore the mass of water in the meniscus. Which
the collection of molecules to behave as dilute ideal gases and the of the following statements is (are) true? (JEE Adv. 2018)

272 JEE Main and Advanced Physics PYQs

 (a) For a given material of the capillary tube, h decreases with
Piston
increase in r
(b) For a given material of the capillary tube, h is independent of σ h
(c) If this experiment is performed in a lift going up with a constant air
acceleration, then h decreases g
liquid
(d) h is proportional to contact angle θ
60. Two solid spheres A and B of equal volumes but of different densities
65. When water is filled carefully in a glass, one can fill it to a height
dA and dB are connected by a string. They are fully immersed in a
h above the rim of the glass due to the surface tension of water. To
fluid of density dF. They get arranged into an equilibrium state as
calculate h just before water starts flowing, model the shape of the
shown in the figure with a tension in the string. The arrangement is
water above the rim as a disc of thickness h having semicircular
possible only if (IIT-JEE 2011)
edges, as shown schematically in the figure. When the pressure of
water at the bottom of this disc exceeds what can be withstood due
A to the surface tension, the water surface breaks near the rim and
water starts flowing from there. If the density of water, its surface
tension and the acceleration due to gravity are 103 kg m–3, 0.07 Nm–1
B and 10 ms–2, respectively, the value of h (in mm) is ____________.

h
(a) dA < dF (b) dB > dF (c) dA > dF (d) dA + dB = 2d

Comprehension Based/Passage Based

Direction (Q. 75 to 77): When liquid medicine of density ρ is to be put
in the eye, it is done with the help of a dropper. As the bulb on the top of
the dropper is pressed, a drop forms at the opening of the dropper. We  C-1.25 W-65.74 UA-33.02 (JEE Adv. 2020)
wish to estimate the size of the drop. We first assume that the drop formed
at the opening is spherical because that requires a minimum increase in its 66. A drop of liquid of radius R = 10–2 m having surface tension
surface energy. To determine the size, we calculate the net vertical force S = 0.1/4π Nm–1 divides itself into K identical drops. In this process
due to the surface tension T when the radius of the drop is R. When this the total change in the surface energy ΔU = 10–3 J. If K = 10a, then
force becomes smaller than the weight of the drop, the drop gets detached the value of a is C-22.62 W-72.36 UA-5.01 (JEE Adv. 2017)
from the dropper.  (JEE Adv. 2010) 67. Two soap bubbles A and B are kept in a closed chamber where the
61. If the radius of the opening of the dropper is r, the vertical force due air is maintained at pressure 8 Nm–2. The radii of bubbles A and B are
to the surface tension on the drop of radius R (assuming r << R) is 2 cm, respectively. Surface tension of the soap-water used to make
(a) 2prT (b) 2pRT (c) (2pr2T)/R (d) (2pR2T)/r bubbles is 0.04 Nm–1. Find the ratio nB/nA, where nA and nB are the
number of moles of air in bubbles A and B, respectively. [Neglect
62. If r = 5 × 10–4 m, ρ = 103 kg.m–3, g = 10 ms–2, T = 0.11 Nm–1, the radius
the effect of gravity] (JEE Adv. 2009)
of the drop when it detaches from the dropper is approximately
(a) 1.4 × 10–3 m (b) 3.3 × 10–3 m Subjective
(c) 2.0 × 10 m
–3
(d) 4.1 × 10 m–3
68. A container of width 2a is filled with a liquid. A thin wire of weight
63. After the drop detaches, its surface energy is per unit length λ is gently placed over the liquid surface in the middle
(a) 1.4 × 10–6 J (b) 2.7 × 10–6 J of the surface as shown in the figure.
(c) 5.4 × 10 J
–6
(d) 8.1 × 10–6 J As a result, the liquid surface is depressed by a distance y(y << a).
Determine the surface tension of the liquid. (JEE Adv. 2004)
Numerical Types/Integer Types
64. An incompressible liquid is kept in a container having a weightless
piston with a hole. A capillary tube of inner radius 0.1 mm is dipped y
vertically into the liquid through the airtight piston hole, as shown in
the figure. The air in the container is isothermally compressed from
100
its original volume V0 with the movable piston. Considering ah'
101 2a
as an ideal gas, the height (h) of the liquid column in the capillary 69. A soap bubble is being blown at the end of a very narrow tube of
above the liquid level in cm is_______. radius b. Air (density ρ) moves with a velocity v inside the tube
[Given: Surface tension of the liquid is 0.075 Nm–1, atmospheric and comes to rest inside the bubble. The surface tension of the soap
pressure is 105 Nm–2, acceleration due to gravity (g) is 10 ms–2, solution is T. After sometime the bubble, having grown to radius r
density of the liquid is 103 kg m–3 and contact angle of capillary separates from the tube. Find the value of r. Assume that r >> b so
surface with the liquid is zero] that you can consider the air to be falling normally on the bubble’s
 C-4.03 W-62.65 UA-33.33 (JEE Adv. 2023) surface. (JEE Adv. 2003)

Fluid Mechanics 273

 ANSWER KEY
JEE-Main
1. [2] 2. [18] 3. [177] 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. [1000 N] 9. (c) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. [25600]14. (a, c) 15. [25] 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. [4] 19. [4] 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. [50] 27. [810] 28. [9600] 29. [4] 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. [2] 33. [80] 34. [4] 35. (a) 36. [363] 37. [300] 38. (d) 39. (b) 40. [24]
41. [3] 42. (b) 43. [6] 44. (d) 45. (c) 46. (c) 47. (d) 48. [9] 49. (b) 50. (a)
51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (a) 54. [10] 55. (d) 56. (7) 57. (1) 58. (1) 59. [7] 60. (d)
61. [1] 62. (c) 63. (b) 64. (a) 65. [264] 66. [1150] 67. (a) 68. (a) 69. (c) 70. (a)
71. (a) 72. (a) 73. [3.74] 74. (c) 75. (3) 76. (a) 77. [25] 78. (c) 79. (c) 80. (b)
81. (a,d) 82. (a) 83. (d) 84. (d) 85. (a,c,d) 86. [2] 87. (a) 88. (b) 89. [25] 90. [2]
91. (d) 92. (d) 93. (*) 94. (b) 95. (b) 96. (a) 97. (4) 98. [40] 99. (c) 100. [7]
101. [25] 102. (a) 103. [10] 104. (c) 105. (b) 106. (c) 107. [100] 108. (b) 109. (c) 110. (d)
111. [20] 112. [11] 113. [25] 114. (a) 115. (d) 116. (a,b,c) 117. (c)
JEE-Advanced
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a,c) 6. [6] 7. [2.95] 8. [False] 9. [False] 12. (a)
13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (b) 21. (a,d) 22. (b,c)
23. [4] 24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (a) 28. [False] 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (a)
40. (c) 41. [9] 42. [500] 43. (a) 44. [2] 47. (a, c, d) 48. (a,d) 49. [3] 50. [1/720] 52. (d)
53. (d) 54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (a,d) 57. (a,b,c) 58. (a,c,d) 59. (a,c) 60. (a,b,d) 61. (c) 62. (a)
63. (b) 64. [25] 65. [3.74] 66. [6] 67. [6]

274 JEE Main and Advanced Physics PYQs