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.NET Interview Questions & Answers Guide

The document provides a comprehensive overview of .NET interview questions and answers, covering key topics such as C# and OOP principles, .NET Core concepts, Entity Framework Core, ASP.NET Core Web API, architecture patterns, SQL concepts, and real-time programming practices. It highlights important distinctions like encapsulation, abstraction, and various types of dependency injection, along with essential database operations and optimization techniques. This resource serves as a valuable guide for candidates preparing for .NET-related interviews.

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haseebmalik0123
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23 views3 pages

.NET Interview Questions & Answers Guide

The document provides a comprehensive overview of .NET interview questions and answers, covering key topics such as C# and OOP principles, .NET Core concepts, Entity Framework Core, ASP.NET Core Web API, architecture patterns, SQL concepts, and real-time programming practices. It highlights important distinctions like encapsulation, abstraction, and various types of dependency injection, along with essential database operations and optimization techniques. This resource serves as a valuable guide for candidates preparing for .NET-related interviews.

Uploaded by

haseebmalik0123
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Complete .

NET Interview Questions & Answers

1. C# & OOP Interview Questions

- OOP pillars: Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism.

- Encapsulation: Hides internal data using private fields and public properties.

- Abstraction: Shows only essential details using interfaces/abstract classes.

- Abstract class vs Interface: Abstract can have both abstract/non-abstract methods; Interface cannot
have fields or constructors.

- Overloading vs Overriding: Overloading at compile-time; Overriding at runtime.

- Value vs Reference types: Value stores actual value; Reference stores memory address.

- Const vs Readonly: Const is compile-time; Readonly is runtime.

- Static class: Cannot be instantiated; all members static.

- Boxing/Unboxing: Value to object / Object to value.

2. .NET Core Concepts

- Request pipeline: Sequence of middlewares handling HTTP requests.

- Middleware: Component to process request/response.

- Dependency Injection: AddScoped, AddTransient, AddSingleton.

- Scoped vs Transient vs Singleton: Per request / every call / whole app.

- IOptions: static; IOptionsSnapshot: per-request; IOptionsMonitor: real-time updates.

- Kestrel: Default cross-platform server.

- Configuration: Read from [Link], environment variables.

3. Entity Framework Core

- DbContext: Manages DB connection and CRUD.

- LINQ: Query language in C#.

- Eager vs Lazy loading: Include loads immediately; lazy loads later.

- Change Tracking: Tracks entity state.

- Migration: Update DB schema from code.

- NoTracking: Boosts performance for read operations.


- Repository Pattern: Decouples DB code.

4. [Link] Core Web API

- Controller: Handles HTTP requests.

- Routing: Maps URLs to actions.

- Model Binding: Converts request data to method parameters.

- DTO: Data Transfer Object, hides entity model.

- JWT Auth: Token with header, payload, signature.

- PUT vs PATCH: Replace whole record / partial update.

- Global Exception Handling: Middleware-based handling.

5. Architecture (3-Tier / Clean Architecture)

- Controller → Service → Repository → Database.

- SOLID: 5 principles for clean architecture.

- MediatR: Implements CQRS and request pipeline.

6. SQL Concepts

- INNER vs LEFT join: Matching rows / all left rows.

- Stored Procedure: Pre-compiled SQL.

- Clustered vs Non-Clustered index: Actual data order / pointer-based.

- View: Virtual table.

- Transaction: Ensures ACID.

- Group By vs Having: Group / filter group.

7. Real-Time Concepts

- Pagination: Skip() and Take().

- Secure connection strings: User secrets, Key Vault.

- Async/await: Non-blocking operations.

- Logging: Console/file/database providers.

- EF Optimizations: AsNoTracking, projections, avoiding N+1, indexes.

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