Anatomy of the Genian Region Explained
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ScribdTranslationsAnatomy of the Genian Region Explained
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ScribdTranslationsGENIAN REGION
JOCELYN MARTÍNEZ BARREIRO
GADI JESARELA MOORE DZIB
MARIAM
MONSE
PAOLA HERNANDEZ
SANDRA
Genian Region
The genian region of the Latin name
cheek, occupies the
side parts of the face
Limits
Upward the lower edge of the orbit, which separates
of the eyelid region
Downwards the lower border of the mandible, that the
separate from the suprahyoid region
Outward the anterior edge of the masseter muscle
extended to the external orbital process
Inside going from top to bottom, the nasogenian groove.
It extends in depth to the upper jaw and the lower jaw and in
the interval between the two jaws, up to the oral mucosa
External form and exploration
It has the shape of an elongated quadrilateral.
Its appearance varies according to age and subjects.
In the child and in the adult with a certain degree of fatness, it is
regularly bulging, in thin subjects it
it is depressed and excavated in its middle part
On its part, the middle of the cheek forms the
external wall of the oral cavity, making it easier
to explore it.
Constitutive plans
5 LAYERS: 2 NEW COVERS at the level of the dental arches
Skin An aponeurosis, the aponeurosis of
Subcutaneous cellular tissue buccinator, which extends over the
Muscle layer muscle, divide at this site the layer
Periosteum muscular in two planes: supraaponeurotic
Skeletal plan and infraaponeurotic
Below the buccinator, a
mucous coating, the oral mucosa
Skin
The skin of the cheek is thin, very movable and
very vascular.
It is very rich in sweat glands and
sebaceous.
Lanugo in children and women, in men
adult covered in long hair that
they continue with those from the meseterina region
Subcutaneous connective tissue
Composed of thin sheets
conjunctivas, differently intertwined, to
which is joined by a quantity
considerable fat.
At the back, this layer
adipose tissue forms a small mass
special "Buccal fat pad", which
fill all the space between
the master and the buccinator
(filling fabric)
Superficial muscular layer
It includes a large number of small ones.
muscles that have in common the
to insert oneself into the skin, at least for one of its
extremities, and for this reason they are called
cutaneous muscles
Buccinator and its aponeurosis, molar glands
Flattened and wide muscle, occupies the space between the two maxillae.
It is what gives the cheeks their tone.
This duct
after a
Discourse
variable route
horizontally the
(short), perforates
Stenson's duct
obliquely the
muscle
It is where the instruments intended for are introduced
to practice the catheterization of the duct; and it is also because of him
through which the infectious agents contained in the mouth
sometimes they penetrate into Stenon's duct, thus arriving
up to the parotid gland, where they can produce more or less injuries
less serious (mumps, mumps).
Eleanor Roosevelt
Submuscular cover
The deep face of
buccinator muscle is
lined by the mucosa
oral that adheres to intimate
minded.
Skeletal plan
It is made up of, from above
down, along the outer face of the
malar bone, by the face
anterior of the upper maxilla
and by the middle portion of the
outer surface of the body of
maxilla
inferior.
Vessels and nerves
The vessels and nerves of the region
most of the geniana wander through the
subcutaneous cell tissue and in the thickness
from the superficial muscle layer.
Artery
The facial artery has
certain caliber in your
premasseteric portion,
immediately pOT
on the edge
inferior of the maxilla
inferior: that's why in the
medical exercises
surgery is practiced
ligation at this level.
Veins
The veins of the buccal region
form under the skin
a rich network, whose branches end up
to three main trunks:
Inside, to the vein
On the outside, to the temporal vein
superficial, one of the branches of
origin of the external jugular.
Deeply, to the plexus
pterygoid.
Lymphatic The lymphatic ones also form rich
networks beneath the coverings.
Except for those of the cheekbone, which go to the
parotid lymph nodes, all the lymphatics of the
genian region descend, in company of the
facial artery and vein, towards the lymph nodes
submandibulars.
Nerves
Destined for the muscles
RAMOS MOTORS They emanate from the temporofacial branches and
cervicofacial of the facial nerve
Intended for the integuments
they come from the branch of the ophthalmic,
SENSITIVE BRANCHES
branch of the lower jaw and of the maxilla
superior
DEEP REGIONS OF THE FACE
Zygomatic region
Pterygomaxillary region
Oral region
Pharyngeal region
TRENCH REGION
CIGOMATIC
PARALLEL, SYMMETRICAL AND OCCUPIES THE LATERAL PART OF THE FACE
TRAVERSED BY THE INTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY AND THE Limits
INFERIOR MAXILLARY NERVE
Above: zygomatic arch and portion of the greater wing of the sphenoid
Below: horizontal plane of the branch of the lower jaw
Inside: pterygoid process and the pharynx
In front: maxillary tuberosity
Behind: anterior face of the parotid gland
Shape and exploration
Understood from the branch of the maxilla
inferior and the pterygoid process
It is not accessible to palpation, just one.
small part (buccopharyngeal cavity)
It is irregular and is considered a pyramid.
quadrangular
Continente
All except the posterior and part of the internal are bony.
1 BASE 1 VERTEX
4 WALLS
Extended from the tuberosity of the maxilla to the inner part
of the parotid
INTERNAL Middle part: external wing of the pterygoid process
upper half: external peristaphylin muscle
lower half: internal pterygoid muscle
Formed by the ascending branch of the lower jaw.
4 WALLS EXTERNAL Its highest part consists of the inner face of
the coronoid process and by the surface of the zygomatic bone
Formed by the tuberosity of the upper jaw, origin
from the buccinator muscle, origin of the superior constrictor
ANterior
from the pharynx and through the aponeurotic arch
Consisting of the parotid region and inside and above
POSTERIOR
through the styloid process
Upper wall
BASE
It is incomplete.
-Shaped inward by one part
from the base of the skull
There is a wide gap that
dimensions are much larger
the further away it is from the skull
the arch
VERTEX
It corresponds to the angle of the maxilla.
Contenido
Pterygoid muscles
Pterygoid
internal
Pterygoid
external
Aponeurosis
of the
pterigoideos
Blood vessels
The blood vessels of the zygomatic fossa are represented by the
internal maxillary artery and the veins
Internal maxillary artery
Terminal branch of the external carotid
It extends from the parotid region.
VEINS
They give rise to the alveolar plexus: it drains into the facial vein.
Pterygoid plexus: occupies the space between the spine of the sphenoid and the base
of the pterygoid.
Internal maxillary vein: It joins with the temporal vein to form the vein
external jugular.
VEINS
Inferior maxillary nerve: mixed nerve, consists of 2 roots, sensory and motor.
His facial neuralgias are accompanied by contractions of the muscles of the
face.
The extracranial segment is short, it
subdivide below the oval hole in
a bouquet of terminal branches.
External branches
The inferior maxillary nerve provides 7 branches
1. Middle deep temporal nerve
[Link] nerve
3. Buccal nerve
4. Nerve of the internal pterygoid
5. Auriculotemporal nerve
6. Lingual nerve
Inferior dental nerve
External branches
The inferior maxillary nerve provides 7 branches.
1. Middle deep temporal nerve
2. Masseter nerve
3. Buccal nerve
4. Nerve of the internal pterygoid
5. Auriculotemporal nerve
6. Lingual nerve
7. Inferior dental nerve
Optic and sympathetic cranial ganglion
Between the inferior maxillary nerve and the tube of
Eustaquio and just below the oval hole
Afferent branches from the maxillary nerve
inferior, of the facial, of the nerve plexus that surrounds the
middle meningeal
Efferent branches that go to the internal pterygoid.
external periestafylin, to the muscle of the hammer, to the
tympanic cord and to its mucosa
Lymphatic tissue
Celluloadipose tissue that surrounds the
vessels and nerves of the flat region
the emptiness left by the muscles.
It is considered a fluid fat,
yellow that continues on one side
with the fat from the cheek area and
another with subaponeurotic fat of
the temporal region.
Access routes
Transmaxillary route
Zygomatic arch
Oral route