Understanding MAP Sensors in Vehicles
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding MAP Sensors in Vehicles
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsSENSOR MAP
Cristian Ruiz
Elias Oñate
Esteban Cardozo
Eduardo Colon
Ever Barrios
Elkin Castellón
Djorkaeff Camargo
WHAT IS IT?
•M Manifold
A Absolute
•P Pressure
The Absolute Pressure Sensor of the Manifold is an electronic device that
It has a piezoelectric element in the integrated circuit. It is responsible
It measures variations in vacuum or pressure and at the same time emits
an external signal. It has three wires, the power supply that has 5
V, a ground terminal and the signal cable. The voltage value of the cable of
signal can be located between 0.2 V–0.4 V up to 4.8 V–5.0 V. It is also the
in charge of sending the signal to the computer that indicates the changes in
the pressure inside the intake manifold. With this information, the
computer can control the combustion and the supply of
fuel under different load conditions and engine altitude.
TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT
If the motor is decelerated, the output cable voltage is
less than 0.8 V in the sensor. If it is in a stable idle state, the value of
the output voltage will be between 0.9 V and 1.5 V. Finally, if the motor is
accelerated, the output voltage of the sensor will be between 1.5 V and 5.0 V; indicating
a null or low vacuum.
LOCATION
The absolute pressure sensor of the manifold works together with the
crankshaft position sensor. Both sensors are of great significance in
the functioning of the engine, as they send signals to the computer
automotive for injecting gasoline. It is located in the intake manifold of the
automobile, after the throttle body, and sometimes integrated into
the ECU or computer itself.
WHAT DOES THE MAP SENSOR DO?
OPERATION
This electronic component is essential for the operation of the engine.
combustion of both diesel and gasoline. It can measure the air pressure that
enter the intake manifold. If the sensor detects low load and high vacuum,
then the ECU acts by enriching the fuel mixture by injecting less
flammable. If the load is high (as happens on long trips) and there is little vacuum,
then the ECU enriches the fuel mixture. It works by comparing the pressure
atmospheric with the vacuum that exists in the intake manifold. Then it emits a
signal (voltage) to the car computer.
The MAP sensor has a negative temperature coefficient (NTC), where the
resistance will vary inversely proportional to temperature. If the
If the air temperature rises, then the resistance will decrease. Whereas, if the
low temperature increases resistance. With normal ambient temperature, the
The resistance of the temperature sensor will be 2 Ohms.
FUNCTION
The function of the sensor is to constantly inspect the vacuum.
in the intake manifold. Depending on the vacuum value, the sensor
it can deliver more or less voltage to the ECU, which in turn is responsible
to supply fuel through the injectors. The MAP modifies the
fuel delivery that reaches the engine, using as a reference the
demand for acceleration and the state of charge.
TYPES OF MAP SENSOR
There are two types of MAP sensors
•Voltage change sensor: The vacuum created by the cylinders
The motor causes a variable resistance in the sensor.
Frequency change sensor: The sensor has two objectives, to measure the
absolute pressure in the collector and check the barometric pressure without
he has started the engine.
FAILURES
Bad connections
Sulfated or broken cables
Is disconnected
It is dirty
CAUSES OF FAILURE
Check Engine light on
Ignition failure and excessive detonation.
Power loss
Fuel consumption increases
Black smoke
The engine may stop.
Increase in pollutant emissions
FAULT CODES
• P0107LOW ENTRANCE IN THE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE / PRESSURE CIRCUIT
ABSOLUTE OF THE MULTIPLE
• P0108HIGH PRESSURE INLET OF THE MAP CIRCUIT
• P0109INTERMITTENT MAP / BARO PRESSURE CIRCUIT
HOW TO TEST THE MAP SENSOR?
To test the MAP sensor with a sensor tester, you must do the following:
Connect the ends of the sensor tester cables to the sensor. Look at the
factory manual to identify the ground and voltage terminals
of power and signal.
You must connect the hose to a vacuum pump.
Select RANGE in HIGH and choose the VOLTS function
Apply a maximum of 18 inches of vacuum and check that the TEST light goes on.
descending as vacuum is applied. Otherwise, the sensor
find it damaged and you need to replace it.
Do not apply more than 25 inches of vacuum, as it would damage the sensor.
Finally apply 18 inches of vacuum that should be maintained for five
minutes to ensure that the diaphragm is not porous or broken.
SENSOR TEST WITH
MULTIMETER
If you use a multimeter to test the sensor, you must choose one with
frequency option for the sensors by frequency variation. The
values must be between 90 and 160 Hz, the mass of 0.008 V and the
5 V power supply. If the sensor is voltage-variable, a must be used.
Multimeter controlling that has the same value as the measurements taken in the
previous case.
Test the sensor signal with a multimeter
Remove the sensor located on the intake manifold.
Connect a vacuum pump with a MAP sensor via a hose.
Select DC Volts (Direct Current) on the multimeter.
The sensor must be connected to the electrical connector.
Place the signal cable with the red cable of the multimeter.
Connect the black cable of the multimeter to the negative terminal of the battery.
To supply power and ground to the sensor, turn on the key without starting the engine.
motor.
With the key in ON and without vacuum power, a signal of 4.7 must be recorded.
Come the multimeter.
As the vacuum is increased, the value of the Volts should vary.
increasing and decreasing without experiencing blackouts.
Test the power cable of the sensor with a multimeter
With the multimeter set to DC Volts, test the power cable of the sensor.
with the red terminal of the multimeter.
The black terminal of the multimeter should also be on the negative of the
battery.
Turn the ignition to ON without starting the engine.
The multimeter should measure approximately 4.5 V to 5 V.
Probar el cable de tierra del sensor con multímetro
With the black cable of the multimeter, test the ground wire of the circuit.
sensor.
Turn the ignition ON without starting the engine.
A value of 12 V must be recorded on the multimeter.
HOW TO TEST 4 MAP SENSOR
CABLES
Four-wire MAP sensors have a temperature sensor
integrated, and that is why they have four terminals. These sensors are not
common in European vehicles. In this case, a
test in the same way as with the three-wire sensor, the difference is
The temperature pin will also be tested. The reading that this terminal
It should read 5 V on the multimeter.
HOW TO CLEAN OR REPAIR SENSOR
OF ABSOLUTE PRESSURE OF THE MULTIPLE?
If the MAP sensor is not broken, it can be cleaned and thus repaired.
any interference. Observe the sensor for dirt or
dust. Place it upside down so you can visually inspect the
state of the cables, these must be clean, free of contamination.
Disconnect the terminals from the sensor and clean it with a clean, dry cloth.
This is always done with the engine off.
In any case, cleaning the sensors of any type is not always the best.
suitable. These electronic elements are very delicate and can
damaging themselves just by handling them. If a sensor has faults, usually,
it means that it is damaged and should be replaced with a new one.