Q1 What is the reliable measure of hotness of hotness and how is
temperature measured?
Reliable measure of the hotness of an object is its temperature. Temperature
is measured by a device called thermometer.
Q2 What is clinical thermometer?
The thermometer that measures our body temperature is called a clinical
thermometer. A clinical thermometer consists of a long, narrow, uniform
glass tube. It has a bulb at one end. This bulb contains mercury. Outside the
bulb a small shining thread of mercury can be seen.
If you do not see the mercury thread. Rotate the thermometer a bit till you
see it. You will also find a scale on the thermometer. The scale we use is the
Celsius scale indicated by “C
Q3 how can you measure a clinical thermometer write down the steps.
First, note the temperature difference indicated between the two
bigger marks.
Also note down the number of divisions Shown by smaller marks)
between these marks. Suppose the bigger marks read one degree and
there are five divisions between them.
Then, one small division can read -0.2°C
Wash the thermometer, preferably with an antiseptic solution.
Hold it firmly and give it a few jerks. The jerks will bring the level of
mercury down. Ensure that it falls below 35°C.
Now place the bulb of the thermometer Under your tongue.
After one minute. Take the thermometer out and note the reading. This
is your body temperature. The temperature should always be stated
with its unit.
Q4 What is the normal temperature of human body.
The normal temperature of human body is 37°C. Note that the temperature
is stated with its unit.
Q5 Can clinical thermometer measure boiling water?
No it cannot because , The clinical thermometer is designed to measure the
temperature of human body only. The temperature of human body normally
does not go below 35°C or above 42°C. That is the reason that this
thermometer has the range 35/C to 42°C.
Q6 What is the range of temperature a laboratory thermometer can
measure?
The lowest temperature it can measure. The range of a laboratory
thermometer is generally from 10°C to 110°C.
Q7 Why a frying Pan becomes hot when kept on a flame?
A frying Pan becomes hot when kept on a flame. It is because the heat
passes from the flame to the utensil. When the pan is removed from the fire,
it slowly cools down. This is because The heat is transferred from the pan to
the surroundings. So you can understand that in both cases, the heat flows
from a hotter object to a colder object. In fact, in all cases heat flows from a
hotter object to a colder object.
Q8 how is the Flame transferred to the other end?
The process by which heat is transferred from the hotter end to the colder
end of an object is known as conduction. In solids, generally, the heat is
transferred by the process of conduction.
Q9 what are conductors and insulators give examples.
The materials which allow heat to pass through them easily are conductors
of heat. For examples. Aluminum. Iron and copper. The materials which do
not allow heat to pass through them easily are poor conductors of heat such
as plastic and wood. Poor conductors are known as insulators.
Q10 Define convention.
When water is heated. The water near the flame gets hot. Hot water rises
up. The cold water from the sides moves down towards the source of heat.
This water also gets hot and rises and water from the sides moves down This
process continues till the whole water gets heated. This mode of heat
transfer is known as convection.
Q11 How does the heat travel in air? Define the process of conduction?
The air near the heat source gets hot and rises. The air from the sides
comes in to take its place. In this way the air gets heated. This process is
also called conduction
Q12 Define sea breeze and land breeze.
The people living in the coastal areas experience an interesting
phenomenon. During the day, the land gets heated faster than the water.
The air over the land becomes hotter and rises up. The cooler air from the
sea rushes in towards the land to take its place. The warm air from the land
moves towards the sea to complete the cycle. The air from the sea is called
the sea breeze. To receive the cooler sea breeze, the windows of the houses
in coastal areas are made to face the sea. At night it is exactly the reverse .
The water cools down more slowly than the land. So, the cool air from the
land moves towards the sea. This is called the land breeze.
Q13 When we come out in the sun, we feel warm. How does the heat from
the sun reach us?
It cannot reach us by conduction or convection as there is no medium such
as air in most part of the space between the earth and the sun. From the sun
the heat comes to tis by another process known as radiation. The transfer of
heat by radiation does not require any medium It can take place whether a
medium is present or not.
Q14 what happens when heat falls on an object?
All hot bodies radiate heat. When this heat falls on some object, a part of it is
reflected, a part is absorbed and a part may be transmitted. The
temperature of the object increases due to the absorbed part of the heat.
Q15 In summer we prefer light-colored clothes and in winter we usually wear
dark-colored clothes. Why is it so?
Dark surfaces absorb more heat and, therefore, we feel comfortable with
dark colored clothes in the winter. Light colored clothes reflect most of the
heat that falls on them. And, therefore, we feel more comfortable wearing
them in summer.
Q16 Why Woolen clothes keep us warm in winter?
In the winter, we use woolen clothes. Wool is a poor conductor of heat.
Moreover, there is air trapped in between the wool fibres. This air prevents
the flow of heat from our body to the cold Surroundings. So, we feel warm