Prof. Mostafa Nofal Dr.

Fahd Al-Raddady
 College of Computers
and Information Technology

Course Title: Data Communications

Course Code: 503440-3

Prerequisite: Intr. to Probability and Statistics

Course Description
1- Meaning/need of data communications
2- Overview of data communication system
3- Digital transmission of analog data
4- Transmission of digital data
5- Common transmission Media
6- Error control of data transmission
7- Cellular Mobile Radio
 College of Computers
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Course Title: Data Communications

Course Code: 503440-3

Prerequisite: Intr. to Probability and Statistics

Credit Hours: 3 Hrs.

Lectures: 42 Hrs.

Depts.: CE and CS.

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and Information Technology

M. Nofal; Data Communications, to be published.

Textbook
 College of Computers
and Information Technology

B. Fourozan; Data Communications and

Networking, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,
2004.

W. Stallings; Data and Computer Communications,

Prentice-Hall, 2001.

References
 College of Computers
and Information Technology

K. S. Shanmugam; Digital and Analog

Communication Systems, John Wiley, 1979.

R. P. Singh and S. D. Spare; Communication

Systems: Analog and Digital; Tata McGraw-Hill
Education Private Ltd., 2010.
Bibliography
S. Sharma; Communication Systems (Analog and
Digital); S.K. Kataria & Sons, 2008.
 College of Computers
and Information Technology

The course is deigned to provide the students with

the fundamental concepts and techniques of data
communications.

Course
CO1: Introduce essential components of an end-to-end
Objectives
data communication system

CO2: Present analog and digital coding and transmission

of data.

CO3: Develop techniques for error control during data

transmission.
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CLO1: Ability to analyze and design data communication

system.

CLO2: Ability to develop techniques for transmission and

reception of analog and digital data.
Learning
CLO3: Ability to compare between various transmission
Outcomes
media.

CLO4: Ability to deal with errors encountered during data

transmission.
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One 60-minute session + one 120-minute per week.

There will be two exams in the course.

Course 1- Mid-term exam about week 8.

assessment Mid-Term Exam: 25%

2- Final exam by end of term.

Final Exam: 60%.

During term period: Assignment: 15%

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Meaning of data communications

History of Data Communications
Types of data
Importance of Data Communications

Course Model of a Communication System

Topics Classification of Communication Systems
Digital Communication System
Line Configuration
Direction of Data Flow
Modes of Transmission
Signal Characteristics
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Sampling Theory
Pulse Modulation Techniques
Wave Coding of Analog Signals
Pulse Code Modulation
Delta Modulation
Data Compression
Course
Topics
Analog Transmission of Digital Data
Digital Transmission of Digital Data
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Categories of transmission media

Twisted pair cable
Coaxial cable
Optical fiber cable
Wireless transmission media
Transmission impairments
Course Channel capacity
Topics Multiplexing Techniques
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Channel Encoder/Decoder
Methods of Controlling Errors
Types of Errors
Error Detection Codes
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) Schemes
Error Correcting Codes
Course
Topics
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Meaning of data communications

History of Data Communications
Types of data

CHAPTER 1 Importance of Data Communications

CLO1
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By the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:

Understand the meaning of data communications.
Trace the history of data communication industry.
Identify the main types of data and visualize the
techniques of data digitization.
Appreciate the importance of data communications.

CHAPTER 1

CLO1
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Data refers to the raw facts, concepts and instructions that

are collected.
Information refers to processed data that enables us to take
decisions.
In general, data refers to symbolic representations that
convey meaning in agreed and accepted upon rules between
the two partners.
In computer systems, data are usually represented in binary
form of 1s and 0s.
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Communication refers to the process of imparting,

conveying or exchanging of information via a specific
transmission medium.
Telecommunication implies the exchange of diverse types of
information over a long distance.
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Data communications is the process of communicating

information in binary form between two points.
It is sometimes called digital communications as the word
digit comes from the Latin word for finger.
It is also called computer communications because most of
the information interchanged is between computers.
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Electronic equipments which are used for communications

are called communication equipments.
These equipments when assembled together form a data
communication system consisting of hardware and software.
The hardware involves sending and receiving devices and
intermediate stuff through which the data passes.
The software refers to the protocol that specifies the rules
governing the communication process.
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 College of Computers
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In 1758, Scottish inventor proposed an electrostatic

telegraph system in which 26 wires from town to town.
A Swiss inventor built a prototype system, but the
technology of wire making eliminated that idea.
In 1833, Gauss used a code based on 5×5 matrix to send
messages by deflecting a needle.
The first set of deflections indicated the row; the second the
column.
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Morse developed the telegraph in 1832, but

demonstrated its use in 1844.
S. Morse
Station A Station B

Key

Sounder
+ Telegraph line
-

Transmitter Morse code Receiver

A:
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A. G. Bell invented telephone in 1875.

He patented his invention in 1876.
A. G. Bell

Carbon Sound
microphone
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Hertz worked out the principles of radio

transmission from 1885 to 1889.
Marconi from 1896 to 1897 made the first practical N. R. Hertz

radio transmission system.

By 1930's large networks of telephones, telegraphs,
and radios were in existence.

G. Marconi
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First large-scale automatic digital computer, Mark I,

developed between 1939 and 1944.
In 1946, the first electronic computer, ENIAC, was made.
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In 1960s, data communication across telephone lines

became more commonplace.
The first Internet was ARPANET, funded in 1969 by
Department of Defense.
Online real-time systems were developed in 1970s.
In 1980s, there was a widespread adoption of PC and
Internet was born.
In 1990, web appeared and data communication systems
span the entire world.
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Types of data

Text Number Image audio Video

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A text is a sequence of symbols used to represent an idea in

a specific language.
To deal with electronically, each symbol should be
represented with a unique bit pattern of 1s and 0s.
International codes have been designed to represent text.
These include: ASCII, Extended ASCII, EBCDIC, Unicode,
and ISO codes
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 College of Computers
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Numbers are represented using the binary system.

The number is not represented by ASCII code but directly
converted to a binary number.
This is to simplify mathematical operations on numbers.
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We cannot transmit an image in its original form.

We need encoded description in terms of 1s and 0s.
Images can be represented by one of two methods: bitmap
graphic or vector graphic.
00111000

00100000

00111000

00100000

00100000

image Matrix
representation
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Audio refers sound or music. It is continuous, not discrete.

We use a microphone to change voice from an acoustic to a
continuous electric signal.
To get digital format, sequence of operations is carried out:
1- Sampling
2- Quantization.
3- Encoding to binary patterns.
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Video is a representation of images (called frames) in times.

The frames are shown one after another to create the
illusion of motion.
Each frame is changed to a set of bit patters and stored.
The combination of images
represents the video.
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It has significance in our today's world.

The key technology of the information age is
communications.
Data communication is commonly used in business,
education, medicine, industry, military and homes as well.
Data communication is becoming an integral part of our
daily activities.
It would be impossible to conduct activities without the use
of data communication.