To interpret the results:
Cronbach’s α Interpretation of
Notes / Cautions
Value Reliability
May indicate item redundancy; very high
≥ 0.90 Excellent
consistency.
Strong internal consistency; good for
0.80 – 0.89 Good
research instruments.
Commonly used as minimum in many social
0.70 – 0.79 Acceptable
science / education studies.
Questionable / May be acceptable in exploratory
0.60 – 0.69
Moderate research; consider revising items.
Indicates weak internal consistency;
0.50 – 0.59 Poor
many items may not relate well.
Instrument likely unreliable; major
< 0.50 Unacceptable
revisions needed.
Citation: (Menon et al., 2025)
Reference:
Menon, V., Grover, S., Gupta, S., Indu, P., Chacko, D., & Vidhukumar,
K. (2025). A primer on reliability testing of a rating scale.
Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 67(7), 725–729.
[Link]
Scale Reliability Statistics
Mean SD Cronbach's α McDonald's ω
scale 4.63 0.27 0.82 0.94
The results show that the scale is highly reliable.
Cronbach’s alpha was 0.82, which indicates good internal
consistency, while McDonald’s omega reached 0.94, reflecting
excellent reliability. The average score of 4.63, together with a
very small standard deviation of 0.27, suggests that respondents
gave consistently positive ratings across the items. Taken
together, these findings confirm that the instrument demonstrates
excellent internal consistency and can be confidently used for
further analysis.
Item Reliability Statistics
If item dropped
Mean SD Item-rest correlation Cronbach's α McDonald's ω
1 4.64 0.73 0.63 0.81 0.94
2 4.68 0.48 0.48 0.81 0.94
3 4.46 0.64 0.72 0.81 0.94
4 4.61 0.63 0.29 0.81 0.94
5 4.57 0.63 0.16 0.82 0.94
6 4.54 0.79 0.57 0.81 0.94
7 4.50 0.64 0.57 0.81 0.94
8 4.50 0.64 0.09 0.82 0.94
9 4.64 0.62 0.17 0.82 0.94
10 4.43 0.63 0.51 0.81 0.94
1 (2) 4.61 0.74 0.66 0.81 0.94
12 4.68 0.48 0.50 0.81 0.94
13 4.50 0.64 0.68 0.81 0.94
14 4.68 0.55 0.50 0.81 0.94
15 4.68 0.55 0.40 0.81 0.94
16 4.50 0.64 0.56 0.81 0.94
17 4.54 0.69 0.67 0.81 0.94
18 4.71 0.46 0.56 0.81 0.94
19 4.68 0.48 0.47 0.81 0.94
20 4.75 0.44 0.41 0.81 0.94
1 (3) 4.25 0.84 0.68 0.80 0.94
2 (2) 4.57 0.57 0.23 0.82 0.94
3 (2) 4.75 0.44 0.63 0.81 0.94
4 (2) 4.50 0.58 0.51 0.81 0.94
5 (2) 4.50 0.58 0.46 0.81 0.94
6 (2) 4.32 0.72 0.70 0.81 0.94
7 (2) 4.64 0.68 0.65 0.81 0.94
8 (2) 4.79 0.42 0.14 0.82 0.94
9 (2) 4.75 0.44 0.17 0.82 0.94
10 (2) 4.54 0.51 0.43 0.81 0.94
11 4.50 0.69 0.63 0.81 0.94
12 (2) 4.61 0.50 0.12 0.82 0.94
13 (2) 4.68 0.48 0.51 0.81 0.94
14 (2) 4.68 0.48 0.32 0.81 0.94
15 (2) 4.75 0.44 0.15 0.82 0.94
16 (2) 4.79 0.42 0.47 0.81 0.94
Item Reliability Statistics
If item dropped
Mean SD Item-rest correlation Cronbach's α McDonald's ω
17 (2) 5.64 5.58 -0.19 0.94 0.94
18 (2) 4.71 0.46 0.15 0.82 0.94
19 (2) 4.71 0.46 0.11 0.82 0.94
20 (2) 4.61 0.50 0.27 0.81 0.94
1 (4) 4.64 0.68 0.42 0.81 0.94
2 (3) 4.79 0.42 0.23 0.82 0.94
3 (3) 4.71 0.53 0.22 0.82 0.94
4 (3) 4.79 0.42 0.21 0.82 0.94
5 (3) 4.89 0.31 0.23 0.82 0.94
6 (3) 4.43 0.79 0.41 0.81 0.94
7 (3) 4.29 0.76 0.61 0.81 0.94
8 (3) 4.61 0.63 0.53 0.81 0.94
9 (3) 4.71 0.46 0.45 0.81 0.94
10 (3) 4.71 0.60 0.14 0.82 0.94
11 (2) 4.54 0.69 0.29 0.81 0.94
12 (3) 4.64 0.68 0.65 0.81 0.94
13 (3) 4.68 0.48 0.51 0.81 0.94
14 (3) 4.61 0.57 0.39 0.81 0.94
15 (3) 4.54 0.58 0.56 0.81 0.94
16 (3) 4.54 0.58 0.43 0.81 0.94
17 (3) 4.64 0.49 0.36 0.81 0.94
18 (3) 4.54 0.58 0.17 0.82 0.94
19 (3) 4.68 0.55 0.15 0.82 0.94
20 (3) 4.75 0.44 0.14 0.82 0.94