DR.

KEDAR NATH MODI INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
MODINAGAR
AFFILIATED BY Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

A
COURSE FILE
ON

PROCESS
FLOWSHEETING &
SIMULATION (KCH056)

TH
[Link] III Year 5 Semester
 PERIODS
(As per EVALUATION SCHEME
University)

SESSIONAL
SUBJECT
SEM SUBJECT SUBJECT CREDIT
CODE
NAME TOTAL
L T P ESE
CT TA TOTAL
PROGRAM
([Link]/[Link]
/ MBA/MCA)

[Link] III TD KME-301 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150 4

Periods (Actual)
Name of Faculty Date of Total lectures Date of
L T P Commencement planned Conclusion

5 2 0 Randhir Kumar

Objectives:

 To learn about work and heat interactions, and balance of energy between system and its
surroundings.
 To learn about application of I law to various energy conversion devices.
 To evaluate the changes in properties of substances in various processes.
 To understand the difference between high grade and low-grade energies and II law limitations
on energy conversion.

UNIT-I
Review of Fundamental Concepts and Definitions:
Introduction- Basic Concepts: System, Control Volume, Surrounding, Boundaries, Universe, Types of
Systems, Macroscopic and Microscopic viewpoints, Concept of Continuum, Thermodynamic
Equilibrium, State, Property, Process, Exact & Inexact Differentials, Cycle Reversibility Quasi – static
Process, Irreversible Process, Causes of Irreversibility Energy and its forms, Work and heat (sign
convention), Gas laws, Ideal gas, Real gas, Law of corresponding states, Property of mixture of gases,
electrical, magnetic, gravitational, spring and shaft work.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics: Concept of Temperature and its’ measurement, Temperature scales.
First law of thermodynamics: First Law for Flow Processes - Derivation of general energy equation
for a control volume; Steady state steady flow processes including throttling; Examples of steady flow
devices; Unsteady processes; examples of steady and unsteady I law applications for system and control
volume. Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, PMM-I. Steady flow systems and their analysis,
Steady flow energy equation, Boilers, Condensers, Turbine, Throttling process, Pumps etc.

UNIT-II
Second law of thermodynamics: Thermal reservoirs, Energy conversion, Heat engines, Efficiency,
Reversed heat engine, Heat pump, Refrigerator, Coefficient of Performance, Kelvin Planck and
Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics, Equivalence of the two statements. Reversible
and irreversible processes, Carnot cycle and Carnot engine, Carnot theorem and it’s corollaries,
Thermodynamic Temperature Scale, PMM-II.
Entropy: Clausius inequality, Concept of Entropy, Entropy change of pure substance in different
thermodynamic processes, Tds equation, Principle of entropy increase, T-S diagram, Statement of the
third law of thermodynamics.

UNIT-III
Availability and Irreversibility: Available and unavailable energy, Availability and Irreversibility,
Second law efficiency, Helmholtz & Gibb’s function.
Thermodynamic relations: Conditions for exact differentials. Maxwell relations, Clapeyron
equation, Joule-Thompson coefficient and Inversion curve. Coefficient of volume expansion,
Adiabatic and Isothermal compressibility.

UNIT-IV
Properties of steam and Rankine cycle:
Pure substance, Property of Pure Substance (steam), Triple point, Critical point, Saturation states,
Subcooled liquid state, Superheated vapour state, Phase transformation process of water, Graphical
representation of pressure, volume and temperature, P-T, P-V and P-h diagrams, T-S and H-S
diagrams, use of property diagram, Steam-Tables &Moller chart, Dryness factor and it’s
measurement, processes involving steam in closed and open systems. Simple Rankine cycle.
Air-water vapour mixture and Psychrometry:
Psychometric terms and their definitions, Psychometric chart, Different Psychometric processes and
their representation on Psychometric chart.

UNIT-V
Refrigeration Cycles: Reversed Carnot Cycle for gas and vapour. Refrigeration capacity, unit of
refrigeration. Air Refrigeration cycles; Reversed Brayton Cycle and Bell Coleman Cycle. Vapour
compression refrigeration cycle; simple saturated cycle and actual vapour compression refrigeration
cycle. Analysis of cycles, effect of superheating, sub-cooling and change in evaporator and condenser
pressure on performance of vapour compression refrigeration cycle. Refrigerants; their classification
and desirable properties. Vapour absorption refrigeration system.
Course Outcomes:

 After completing this course, the students will be able to apply energy balance to systems and
control volumes, in situations involving heat and work interactions.
 Students can evaluate changes in thermodynamic properties of substances.
 The students will be able to evaluate the performance of energy conversion devices.
 The students will be able to differentiate between high grade and low-grade energies.

Lecture Plan
Lecture Date
Topics/Contents Date (Planned)
Schedule (Actual)

Basic Concepts: System, Control Volume, Surrounding,

Lecture 1 Boundaries, Universe, Types of Systems, Macroscopic
and Microscopic viewpoints
Concept of Continuum, Thermodynamic Equilibriums
Lecture 2 State, Property, Process, Exact & Inexact Differentials,
Cycle Reversibility
Lecture 3 Quasi – static Process, Irreversible Process, Causes of
Irreversibility
Lecture 4 Energy and its forms, Work done in different process

Lecture 5 Some numerical problem on work done in different process

Lecture 6 Gas laws, Ideal gas, Real gas, Law of corresponding states

Lecture 7 Property of mixture of gases, Electrical, magnetic,

gravitational, spring and shaft work
Lecture 8 Some numerical problem on first law of thermodynamics
applied to a closed system
Concept of Temperature and its’ measurement,
Lecture 9 Temperature
scales .
 Derivation of general energy equation for a control volume;
Lecture 10 Steady state steady flow processes including throttling;
Examples of steady flow devices

Lecture 11 Unsteady processes; examples of steady and unsteady I law

applications for system and control volume
Lecture 12 Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, PMM-I.
Steady flow systems and their analysis, Steady flow energy
Lecture 13 equation, Boilers, Condensers, Turbine, Throttling process,
Pumps.
Some numerical problem on first law of TD applied to an
Lecture 14
open system
Thermal reservoirs, Energy conversion, Heat engines,
Lecture 15 Efficiency, Reversed heat engine, Heat pump, Refrigerator,
Coefficient of Performance
Kelvin Planck and Clausius statement of second law of
Lecture 16 thermodynamics, Equivalence of the two statements.
Reversible and irreversible processes
Lecture 17 Carnot cycle and Carnot engine, Carnot theorem and it’s
corollaries, Thermodynamic Temperature Scale, PMM-II
Lecture 18 Some numerical problem on heat engine, heat pump,
refrigerator and absolute temperature scale
Lecture 19 Clausius inequality, Concept of Entropy, Entropy change of
pure substance in different thermodynamic processes
Lecture 20 Tds equation, Principle of entropy increase, T-S diagram,
Statement of the third law of thermodynamics
Lecture 21 Some numerical problem on entropy change in different
processes
Lecture 22 Available and unavailable energy, Availability and
Irreversibility
Lecture 23 Second law efficiency, Helmholtz & Gibb’s function

Lecture 24 Conditions for exact differentials. Maxwell relations

Lecture 25 Clapeyron equation, Joule-Thompson coefficient and

Inversion curve
Lecture 26 Coefficient of volume expansion, Adiabatic and Isothermal
compressibility
Lecture 27 Some numerical problem on availability and irreversibility,
Coefficient of expansions
Pure substance, Property of Pure Substance (steam), Triple
Lecture 28 point, Critical point, Saturation states, Subcooled liquid
state, Superheated vapour state
Lecture 29 Phase transformation process of water, Graphical
representation of pressure, volume and temperature
Lecture 30 P-T, P-V and P-h diagrams, T-S and H-S diagrams, use of
 property diagram, Steam-Tables &Moller chart
Lecture 31 Some numerical problem by the use of steam table

Lecture 32 Some numerical problem by the use of Moller chart

Lecture 33 Dryness factor and it’s measurement, processes involving

steam in closed and open systems.
Lecture 34 Basic components of thermal power plant and Simple
Rankine cycle
Lecture 35 Some numerical problem on simple Rankine cycle

Lecture 36 Psychometric terms and their definitions

Lecture 37 Psychometric chart, Different Psychometric processes and

their representation on Psychometric chart
Lecture 38 Some numerical problem on Psychometric

Lecture 39 Reversed Carnot Cycle for gas and vapour.

Lecture 40 Refrigeration capacity, unit of refrigeration. Air

Refrigeration cycles
Lecture 41 Reversed Brayton Cycle and Bell Coleman Cycle.
Vapour compression refrigeration cycle; simple saturated
Lecture 42
cycle
Lecture 43 Actual vapour compression refrigeration cycle.
Analysis of cycles, effect of superheating, sub-cooling and
Lecture 44 change in evaporator and condenser pressure on
performance of vapour compression refrigeration cycle.
Lecture 45 Refrigerants; their classification and desirable properties.

Lecture 46 Vapour absorption refrigeration system

Lecture 47 Some basic problem on refrigeration cycle

Lecture 48 Assignment discussion class

Lecture 49 Assignment discussion class

Lecture 50 Assignment discussion class

Lecture 51 Previous year university question paper discussion

Lecture 52 Previous year university question paper discussion