NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 1: Write a python program to demonstrate basic data types of python
and the concept of object identity.
OBJECTIVE: To understand the implementation of various data type in python.

DESCRIPTION: A data type in programming refers to the kind of data that a variable can hold.
SOURCE CODE:

a=10

print("value of variable a=",a)

print("class type of a=",type(a))

print("ID of variable a=",id(a))

x="tiya"

print("name of variable x=",x)

print("class type of variable x=",type(x))

print("ID of variable a=",id(x))

y=2.4
print("value of variable y=",y)

print("class type of variable y=",type(y))

print("ID of variable y=",id(y))

z=3+2j
print("value of variable z=",z)
print("class type of variable z=",type(z))

print("ID of variable z=",id(z))

l1=["nikk","sonam","binni"]
print("value of l1=",l1)

print("class type of l1=",type(l1))

print("ID of l1=",id(l1))

t1=("ginni","rashi")

print("value of t1=",t1)

print("class type of t1=",type(t1))

print("ID of variable t1=",id(t1))

r1=(1,2,3,4)

print("value of r1=",r1)

print("class type of r1=",type(r1))

print("ID of r1=",id(r1))

m1={"name":"John","age":23}

print("value of m1=",m1)

print("class type of m1=",type(m1))

print("ID of m1=",id(m1))

b1=True
print("value of b1=",b1)
print("calss type of b1=",type(b1))

print("ID of b1=",id(b1))

OUT PUT

value of variable a= 10

class type of a= <class 'int'>

ID of variable a= 140703357629640

name of variable x= tiya

class type of variable x= <class 'str'>

ID of variable a= 2269711611344
value of variable y= 2.4

class type of variable y= <class 'float'>

ID of variable y= 2269708792208

value of variable z= (3+2j)

class type of variable z= <class 'complex'>

ID of variable z= 2269711554736

value of l1= ['nikk', 'sonam', 'binni']

class type of l1= <class 'list'>

ID of l1= 2269709705856

value of t1= ('ginni', 'rashi')

class type of t1= <class 'tuple'>

ID of variable t1= 2269711383936

value of r1= (1, 2, 3, 4)

class type of r1= <class 'tuple'>

ID of r1= 2269709497056

value of m1= {'name': 'John', 'age': 23}

class type of m1= <class 'dict'>

ID of m1= 2269711690240
value of b1= True

class type of b1= <class 'bool'>

ID of b1= 140703356744112
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 2 Write a python program to swap to two variable using arithmetic
operator only.
OBJECTIVE-To write a Python program that swaps the values of two variables without using a
third variable or built-in swap methods, but instead using arithmetic operators.
DESCRIPTION-This program demonstrates how to interchange (swap) the values of two
variables using addition and subtraction (or alternatively, multiplication and division).

SOURCE CODE
a = int(input("Enter first number: "))

b = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("Before swapping:")

print("a =", a)

print(“b=”,b)

a=a+b

b=a-b
a=a-b

print("After swapping:")

print("a =", a)

print("b =", b)

OUTPUT

Enter first number: 10

Enter second number: 5

Before swapping:
a = 10 , b = 5
After swapping:

a=5,b=1
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 3 Write a Python program to find the greatest of three numbers and
arrange the numbers in ascending order.
OBJECTIVE-To find the greatest of three numbers and display the numbers in ascending order.

DESCRIPTION-This program takes three numbers as input, compares them to determine the
greatest number, and then arranges all three numbers in ascending order using simple
[Link] or sorting

SOURCE CODE-
a = float(input("Enter first number: "))

b = float(input("Enter second number: "))

c = float(input("Enter third number: "))

if a >= b and a >= c:

greatest = a

elif b >= a and b >= c:

greatest = b

else:

greatest = c

print("\nThe greatest number is:", greatest)

numbers = [a, b, c]

[Link]()

print("Numbers in ascending order:", numbers)

OUTPUT
Enter first number: 15
Enter second number: 9

Enter third number: 21

The greatest number is: 21

Numbers in ascending order: [9.0, 15.0, 21.0]

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 4 Write a python program to print whether a given year is leap year
or not.
OBJECTIVE-To check whether the entered year is a leap year or not

DESCRIPTION-This program takes a year as input and determines if it’s a leap year.
A year is a leap year if:

It is divisible by 4,

But not divisible by 100,

Except when it is also divisible by 400.

SOURCE CODE:

year=int(input("Enter a year:"))
if(year%4==0 and year%100!=0) or(year%400==0):
print(f"{year}is a leap year.")
else:
print(f"{year}is not a leap year")

OUTPUT:

Enter a year:2024

2024is a leap year.

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 5: Write a program to check whether the number is even or odd.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a given number is even or odd.

EXPLAINATION: This program takes an integer an integer as input and check if it is divisible
by 2.
-If the remainder is 0, the number is even.

-Otherwise, it is odd.

SOURCE CODE:

num=int(input("Enter a number:"))
if num%2==0:
print("The number is Even.")
else:
print("The number is Odd.")

OUTPUT:

Enter a number:5

The number is Odd.

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 6: Write a program to calculate factorial of a given number.

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the factorial of a given number using a loop.

EXPLAINATION: This program takes an integer as input and finds its factorial.

The factorial of a number n (written as n!) is the product of all positive integer from 1 to n.

SOURCE CODE:

n = int(int(input("enter the number:-")))

prod = 1
for i in range(1, n + 1, 1):
prod = prod * i
print("factorial of the number:", prod)

OUTPUT:

enter the number:6

factorial of the number: 720
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 7: Write a Python program to print Fibonacci series up to n limit.

OBJECTIVE: To print the Fibonacci series up to a given number ‘n’ using Python.

EXPLAINATION: The Fibonacci series is a sequence where each number is the sum of the two
preceding ones, starting from 0 and 1. This program takes an integer input ‘n’ and prints all
Fibonacci numbers less than or equal to ‘n’.

SOURCE CODE:

n=int(input("Enter the limit(n):"))

a,b =0,1
print("Fibonacci series up to",n,":")
while a<=n:
print(a,end=" ")
a,b =b,a+b

OUTPUT:

Enter the limit(n):20

Fibonacci series up to 20:

0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 8: Write a program to check whether a number is prime or not.

OBJECTIVE: To check whether a given number is a prime number or not.

EXPLAINATION: A prime number is a number greater than 1 that has no divisors other than 1
and itself.

SOURCE CODE:

num=int(input("Enter a number:"))
if num>1:
for i in range(2,int(num**0.5)+1):
if num%i==0:
print(num,"is not prime")
else:
print(num,"is prime")

OUTPUT:

Enter a number:7

7 is prime
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 9: Write a python program to reverse a number.

OBJECTIVE: To reverse a given number using a while loop.

EXPLAINATION: This program takes an integer as input and reverse its digits by repeatedly
extracting the last digit using the modulus operator (%) and building the reverse number step by
step using integer division (//).

SOURCE CODE:

num=int(input("Enter a number:"))
rev=0
while num>0:
rev=(rev*10)+(num%10)
num=num//10
print("Reversed number is:",rev)

OUTPUT:

Enter a number:1234

Reversed number is: 4321

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 10: Write a python program to check whether a number is

palindrome or not.
OBJECTIVE: To check whether a given number is a palindrome or not.

EXPLAINATION: A palindrome number is one of that remains the same when its digits are
reversed. This program reversed a given number using a while loop and compares it with the
original number.

SOURCE CODE:
num=int(input("Enter a number:"))
original=num
reverse=0
while num>0:
digit=num%10
reverse=reverse*10+digit
num=num//10
if original==reverse:
print("Palindrome number.")
else:
print("Not a palindrome.")
OUTPUT:

Enter a number:141

Palindrome number.
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 11: Write a program to check whether a number is Armstrong or not.

OBJECTIVE: To check whether a given number is an Armstrong number or not.

EXPLAINATION: An Armstrong number is a number that is equal to the sum of the cubes of its
digits (for 3-digit numbers).
SOURCE CODE:

num=int(input("Enter a number:"))
temp=num
sum=0
while num>0:
digit=num%10
sum+=digit**3
num//=10
if temp==sum:
print(temp,"is an Armstrong number.")
else:
print(temp,"is not an Armstrong number")

OUTPUT:

Enter a number:143
143 is not an Armstrong number

.
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 12: Write a Python program to print the digit sum of a number.

OBJECTIVE: To find the sum of the digits of a given number.

EXPLAINATION: This program takes an integer as input and repeatedly extends each digit
using the modulus (%) operators, adds them together, and removes the last digit using integer
division (//).

SOURCE CODE:

num=int(input("Enter a number:"))
original_num=num
sum_digit=0
while num > 0:
digit = num % 10
sum_digit += digit
num = num // 10
print(f"Sum of digits of {original_num}is: {sum_digit}")

OUTPUT:

Enter a number:12345

Sum of digits of 12345is: 15

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 13: Write a function to find whether a given number is prime or not.

OBJECTIVE: To define a function that checks whether a given number is prime or not.

EXPLAINATION: A prime number is a number greater than 1 that has no divisors other than 1
and itself. This program defines a function is prime(num) that returns whether a number is prime
or not using a simple loop.

SOURCE CODE:

num=int(input("Enter a number:"))
if num>1:
for i in range(2,int(num**0.5)+1):
if num%i==0:
print(num,"is not prime")
else:
print(num,"is prime")

OUTPUT:

Enter a number:8

8 is not prime
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 14: Write a recursive function to find the factorial of a number.

OBJECTIVE: To find the factorial of a given number using recursion.

EXPLAINATION: A factorial of a number n (written as n!) is the product of all positive integer
up to n. In recursion, a function calls itself until a base condition is met -here, when n becomes 1.

SOURCE CODE:

def fact(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * fact(n - 1)
num=int(input("Enter a number:"))
print("The factorial of", num, "is:", fact(num))

OUTPUT:

Enter a number:5

The factorial of 5 is: 120

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 15: Write a function that returns the sum of digits of a number using
recursion.

OBJECTIVE: To find the sum of digits of a given number using recursion.

EXPLANIATION-This program defines a recursive function that breaks down the number into
its digits. At each recursive call, it adds the last digit (n % 10) to the sum of the remaining digits
(n // 10), until the number becomes 0.
SOURCE CODE-

def sum_digits(n):
if n==0:
return 0
return n % 10 + sum_digits(n // 10)
num=int(input("Enter a number:"))
print("Sum of digits:", sum_digits(num))

OUTPUT:

Enter a number:1234

Sum of digits: 10
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2
PROBLEM STATEMENT 16- Write a Python program to find all prime numbers in a given
range using a function.

OBJECTIVE-To find and display all prime numbers within a given range using a function

DESCRIPTION- This program defines a function find_primes(start, end) that checks each
number in the specified range to determine whether it is prime. A prime number is a number
greater than 1 that has no divisors other than 1 and itself. The function returns a list of all such
prime numbers.

SOURCE CODE-

def find_primes(start, end):

primes = []

for num in range(start, end + 1):

if num > 1:

for i in range(2, int(num**0.5) + 1):

if num % i == 0:

break

else:
[Link](num)

return primes

start = int(input("Enter the start of the range: "))

end = int(input("Enter the end of the range: "))

prime_numbers = find_primes(start, end)

print(f"Prime numbers between {start} and {end} are: {prime_numbers}")

OUTPUT
Enter the start of the range: 10
Enter the end of the range: 50

Prime numbers between 10 and 50 are: [11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47]
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 17: Write a function to find the LCM and GCD of two numbers
without using built-in functions. Having short objective and description.

OBJECTIVE: To find the LCM (Least Common Multiple) and GCD (Greatest Common Divisor)
Of two numbers without using built-in functions.

EXPLAINATION: This program defines two functions:

- find_gcd (a ,b) finds the greatest number that divides both a and b.

- find_lcm (a, b) uses the relation LCM*GCD=a*b to compute the least common multiple.

SOURCE CODE:

def find_gcd(a, b):

gcd = 1
i=1
while i<=a and i<=b:
if a %i==0 and b%i==0:
gcd = i
i+=1
return gcd
def find_lcm(a, b):
gcd = find_gcd(a,b)
lcm = (a * b) // gcd
return lcm
num1 = int(input("Enter first number:"))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number:"))
print("GCD of",num1, "and",num2,"is:",find_gcd(num1, num2))
print("LCM of",num1, "and",num2,"is:",find_lcm(num1, num2))
OUTPUT:

Enter first number:12

Enter second number:18

GCD of 12 and 18 is: 6

LCM of 12 and 18 is: 36
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT18: Write a program using a lambda function to calculate the area of a
circle having short objective and description.
OBJECTIVE: To calculate the area of a circle using a lambda function.

EXPLAINATION: This program uses a lambda function to define a one-line formula for finding
the area of a circle.

SOURCE CODE:

area=lambda r:3.14159*r*r
radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle:"))
print("The area of the circle is:",area(radius))
OUTPUT:

Enter the radius of the circle:4

The area of the circle is: 50.26544

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 19: Write a python program to count vowels and consonants in a
given string.

OBSERVATION: To count the number of vowels and consonants in a given string.

EXPLAINATION: This program takes a string input from the user and checks each character. If
the character is an alphabet, it determines whether it’s a vowel(a, e, i, o, u) or a consonant, and
counts them separately.
SOURCE CODE:

string = input("Enter a string:").lower()

vowels = 0
consonants = 0
for ch in string:
if [Link]():
if ch in 'aeiou':
vowels+= 1
else:
consonants+=1
print("Number of vowels:",vowels)
print("Number of consonants:",consonants)

OUTPUT:

Enter a string:Hello World

Number of vowels: 3

Number of consonants: 7
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 20: Write a program to check whether a string is palindrome or not.

OBJECTIVE: To check whether a given string is a palindrome or not.

EXPLAINATION: A palindrome string is one that reads the same backward and forward. This
program compares the original string with its reverse to determine if it’s a palindrome.
SOURCE CODE:

text =input("Enter a string:")

text =[Link]()
if text==text[::-1]:
print("The string is a palindrome.")
else:
print("The string is not a palindrome.")

OUTPUT:

Enter a string:hello

The string is not a palindrome.

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 21: Write a python function to count the frequency of each character
in a string.
OBJECTIVE: To count the frequency of each character in a given string using a function.

EXPLAINATION: This program defines a function that takes a string as input and uses a loop to
count how many times each character appears. The results are stored in a dictionary, where each
key is a character and its value is the count.

SOURCE CODE:
def char_frequency(text):
freq = {}
for ch in text:
if ch in freq:
freq[ch]+=1
else:
freq[ch]=1
return freq
string =input("Enter a string:")
print("Character frequencies:")
for key, value in char_frequency(string).items():
print(key,":",value)

OUTPUT:
Enter a string:hello

Character frequencies:

h:1

e:1

l:2
o:1
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 22: Write a program to remove all punctuation marks and spaces from
a string and check if it is palindrome.
OBJECTIVE: To remove punctuation marks and spaces from a string and check whether it is a
palindrome.
EXPLIANATION: This program removes all punctuation and spaces using a loop and string
filtering.

SOURCE CODE:
import string
text = input("Enter a string:")
cleaned =""
for ch in [Link]():
if ch not in [Link] and ch!="":
cleaned+=ch
if cleaned == cleaned[::-1]:
print("The string is a palindrome.")
else:
print("The string is not a palindrome.")

OUTPUT:

Enter a string:Hello World

The string is not a palindrome.

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 23: Write a program to find longest and shortest word in a sentence.

OBJECTIVE: To find the longest and shortest words in a given sentence.

EXPLAINATION: This program takes a sentence as input, splits it into individual words, and
then uses the min () and max () function to find the words with the smallest and largest lengths.
SOURCE CODE:

sentence =input("Enter a sentence:")

words =[Link]()
longest =max(words,key=len)
shortest =min(words,key=len)
print("Longest word:",longest)
print("Shortest word:",shortest)

OUTPUT:

Enter a sentence:python makes programming easy

Longest word: programming

Shortest word: easy
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 24: Write a program to count the frequency of words in a sentence.
The output should be displayed in a dictionary format where each unique word will be the key
and its frequency will be the value of the dictionary.

OBJECTIVE: To count the frequency of each word in a sentence and display the result in a
dictionary format.

EXPLAINATION: This program takes a sentence as input, splits it into words, and counts how
many times each word appears.
Each unique word is used as a key, and its frequency is stored as the value in a dictionary.

SOURCE CODE:

sentence = input("Enter a sentence: ")

words = [Link]().split()
freq = {}

for word in words:

if word in freq:

freq[word] += 1

else:
freq[word] = 1

print("Word frequency dictionary:")

print(freq)

OUTPUT:

Enter a sentence: Python is fun and Python is easy

Word frequency dictionary:

{'python': 2, 'is': 2, 'fun': 1, 'and': 1, 'easy': 1}
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 25: Write a Python program to create a list of numbers and print their
sum and average.

OBJECTIVE: To create a list of numbers and calculate their sum and average.
EXPLAINATION: This program takes multiple numbers as input from the user, stores them in a
list, and then uses the built-in sum() and len() functions to compute the total sum and average of
the numbers.

SOURCE CODE:

numbers = list(map(float, input("Enter numbers separated by spaces: ").split()))

total = sum(numbers)

average = total / len(numbers)

print("List of numbers:", numbers)

print("Sum of numbers:", total)

print("Average of numbers:", average)

OUTPUT:

Enter numbers separated by spaces: 10 20 30 40 50

List of numbers: [10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0]

Sum of numbers: 150.0

Average of numbers: 30.0

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 26: Write a program to find the largest and the smallest element in a
list.
OBJECTIVE: To find the largest and smallest elements in a list.

EXPLAINATION: This program goes through each element in the list using a loop and
compares values to find the maximum and minimum manually

SOURCE CODE:

numbers = [12, 45, 7, 23, 56, 2, 99]

largest = numbers[0]

smallest = numbers[0]

for num in numbers:

if num > largest:

largest = num

if num < smallest:

smallest = num

print("List:", numbers)
print("Largest element:", largest)

print("Smallest element:", smallest)

OUTPUT:
List: [12, 45, 7, 23, 56, 2, 99]

Largest element: 99

Smallest element: 2
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 27: Write a Python function to remove duplicates from a list without
using set().
OBJECTIVE: Remove duplicate elements from a list while preserving order.

EXPLAINATION: This function iterates through the input list, adding each element to a new list
only if it hasn't been added before.

SOURCE CODE:

def remove_duplicates(lst):

result = []

for item in lst:

if item not in result:

[Link](item)
return result

numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]

print(remove_duplicates(numbers))

OUTPUT:

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 28: Write a program to sort a list of tuples based on the second
element of each tuple.
OBJECTIVE: Sort a list of tuples based on the second element of each tuple.

EXPLAINATION: The program uses the 'sorted' function with a lambda key to sort tuples by
their second value.

SOURCE CODE:

def sort_by_second_element(tuple_list):

return sorted(tuple_list, key=lambda x: x[1])

data = [(1, 3), (2, 1), (4, 2)]

sorted_data = sort_by_second_element(data)
print(sorted_data)

OUTPUT:

[(2, 1), (4, 2), (1, 3)]

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 29: Write a function that accepts a list of integers and returns a new
list with only prime numbers.
OBJECTIVE: Extract prime numbers from a list of integers.

EXPLAINATION: The function checks each number in the input list and returns a new list
containing only prime numbers.

SOURCE CODE:

def is_prime(n):

if n < 2:

return False

for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1):

if n % i == 0:
return False

return True

def filter_primes(lst):
return [num for num in lst if is_prime(num)]

numbers = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

prime_numbers = filter_primes(numbers)

print(prime_numbers)

OUTPUT:

[2, 3, 5, 7]
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 30: Write a program to create and display a tuple containing numbers
and string.
OBJECTIVE: Create a tuple containing numbers and strings, and display it.

EXPLAINATION: The program demonstrates how to define a tuple with mixed data types and
print its contents.

SOURCE CODE:

my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, "apple", "banana", "cherry")

print("The tuple is:", my_tuple)

OUTPUT:
The tuple is: (1, 2, 3, 'apple', 'banana', 'cherry')
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 31: Write a Python program to convert a list of tuples into
dictionary.
OBJECTIVE: Convert a list of tuples into a dictionary.

EXPLAINATION: Each tuple in the list contains a key-value pair, which is added to the
dictionary.

SOURCE CODE:

tuple_list = [("a", 1), ("b", 2), ("c", 3)]

dict_result = {}

for key, value in tuple_list:

dict_result[key] = value

print("The dictionary is:", dict_result)

OUTPUT:
The dictionary is: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 32: Write a program to count the frequency of each character in a
string using a dictionary.
OBJECTIVE: Count the frequency of each character in a string.

EXPLAINATION: The program iterates through the string and updates a dictionary with the
number of occurrences of each character.

SOURCE CODE:

text = "hello world"

char_frequency = {}

for char in text:

if char in char_frequency:
char_frequency[char] += 1

else:

char_frequency[char] = 1

print("Character frequency:", char_frequency)

OUTPUT:

Character frequency: {'h': 1, 'e': 1, 'l': 3, 'o': 2, ' ': 1, 'w': 1, 'r': 1, 'd': 1}
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 33: Write a Python program to find the most frequent element in a
tuple.
OBJECTIVE: Find the element that appears most frequently in a tuple.

EXPLAINATION: The program iterates through the tuple and uses a dictionary to count the
occurrences of each element. It then identifies the element with the highest frequency and
displays it.

SOURCE CODE:
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 5, 3, 1)

freq_dict = {}

for item in my_tuple:

if item in freq_dict:

freq_dict[item] += 1
else:

freq_dict[item] = 1

most_frequent = max(freq_dict, key=freq_dict.get)

print("The most frequent element is:", most_frequent)

OUTPUT:
The most frequent element is: 2
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 34: write a program to merge two dictionaries and sum values of
common keys.
OBJECTIVE: Merge two dictionaries, summing the values of keys that appear in both.

EXPLAINATION: The program iterates through both dictionaries. If a key exists in both, it adds
their values; otherwise, it keeps the unique key-value pairs.

SOURCE CODE:

dict1 = {'a': 100, 'b': 200, 'c': 300}

dict2 = {'b': 150, 'c': 100, 'd': 250}

merged_dict = [Link]()

for key, value in [Link]():

if key in merged_dict:

merged_dict[key] += value

else:

merged_dict[key] += value

print("Merged dictionary:", merged_dict)

OUTPUT:
Merged dictionary: {'a': 100, 'b': 350, 'c': 400, 'd': 250}
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 35: Write a function to invert a dictionary, swap keys and values.

OBJECTIVE: Invert a dictionary so that its keys become values and its values become keys.

EXPLAINATION: The function iterates through the original dictionary and creates a new
dictionary with keys and values swapped. Note: If the original dictionary has duplicate values,
later keys will overwrite earlier ones.

SOURCE CODE:

def invert_dictionary(d):

inverted = {}

for key, value in [Link]():

inverted[value] = key

return inverted

original_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

inverted_dict = invert_dictionary(original_dict)

print("Original dictionary:", original_dict)

print("Inverted dictionary:", inverted_dict)

OUTPUT:

Original dictionary: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

Inverted dictionary: {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'}
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2
PROBLEM STATEMENT 36: Write a Python program to demonstrate set creation and basic set
operation union-intersection difference.

OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate how to create sets and perform basic set operations: union,
intersection, and difference.

EXPLAINATION: The program creates two sets and shows how to combine them (union), find
common elements (intersection), and find elements present in one set but not the other
(difference).

SOURCE CODE:

set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
union_set = set1 | set2

intersection_set = set1 & set2

difference_set = set1 - set2

print("Set 1:", set1)

print("Set 2:", set2)

print("Union:", union_set)

print("Intersection:", intersection_set)
print("Difference (set1 - set2):", difference_set)

OUTPUT:

Set 1: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Set 2: {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

Union: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

Intersection: {4, 5}
Difference (set1 - set2): {1, 2, 3}
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 37: Write a Python program to read the content of a text file and
display it on the screen.
OBJECTIVE: Read the contents of a text file and display them on the screen.

EXPLAINATION: The program opens a text file in read mode, reads its content, and prints it. It
automatically closes the file using a with statement.

SOURCE CODE:

file_path = '[Link]'

try:

with open(file_path, 'r') as file:

content = [Link]()

print("File content:\n")
print(content)

except FileNotFoundError:

print(f"Error: The file '{file_path}' does not exist.")

Example [Link] content:

Hello, this is a sample text file.

It contains multiple lines of text.

OUTPUT:
File content:

Hello, this is a sample text file.

It contains multiple lines of text.

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 38: Write a Python program to count the total number of lines in a
file.
OBJECTIVE: Count the total number of lines present in a text file.

EXPLAINATION: The program opens a file in read mode and iterates through each line,
incrementing a counter to calculate the total number of lines.

SOURCE CODE:

file_path = '[Link]'

try:

with open(file_path, 'r') as file:

line_count = 0
for line in file:

line_count += 1

print(f"Total number of lines in the file: {line_count}")

except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"Error: The file '{file_path}' does not exist.")

Example [Link] content:

Hello, this is a sample text file.

It contains multiple lines of text.

Python makes file handling easy!

Output when program is run:

Total number of lines in the file: 3
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 39: Write a Python program to copy the content of one file to another
file.
OBJECTIVE: Copy the content of a source file into a destination file.

DESCRIPTION: The program opens the source file in read mode and the destination file in write
mode. It reads the content from the source and writes it to the destination file.

SOURCE CODE:

source_file = '[Link]'

destination_file = '[Link]'

try:

with open(source_file, 'r') as src:

content = [Link]()
with open(destination_file, 'w') as dest:

[Link](content)

print(f"Content from '{source_file}' has been copied to '{destination_file}'.")

except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"Error: The file '{source_file}' does not exist.")

Example [Link] content:

This is the original file.

It contains some text to be copied.

Python makes file handling easy!

Output when program is run:

Content from '[Link]' has been copied to '[Link]'.

OUTPUT
The [Link] file now contains:

This is the original file.

It contains some text to be copied.

Python makes file handling easy!

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 40-Write a Python class, BankAccount with method, Deposit(),

Withdrawal(), and DisplayBalance().
OBJECTIVE: Create a simple BankAccount class to manage deposits, withdrawals, and display
the current balance.
DESCRIPTION: The BankAccount class initializes with an account holder name and a balance
(default 0). It provides methods to deposit money, withdraw money (with a check for sufficient
balance), and display the current balance.

SOURCE CODE:

class BankAccount:
def __init__(self, owner, balance=0):

[Link] = owner

[Link] = balance

def deposit(self, amount):

if amount > 0:

[Link] += amount
print(f"{amount} deposited. New balance: {[Link]}")

else:

print("Deposit amount must be positive.")

def withdrawal(self, amount):

if amount > 0:

if amount <= [Link]:

[Link] -= amount
 print(f"{amount} withdrawn. New balance: {[Link]}")

else:

print("Insufficient balance.")

else:
print("Withdrawal amount must be positive.")

def display_balance(self):

print(f"Account owner: {[Link]}, Balance: {[Link]}")

account = BankAccount("Alice", 1000)

account.display_balance()

[Link](500)
[Link](200)

account.display_balance()

Output:

Account owner: Alice, Balance: 1000

500 deposited. New balance: 1500

200 withdrawn. New balance: 1300

Account owner: Alice, Balance: 1300

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 41-Write a class student that stores name, roll number, and marks of
three subjects and computes total and grade.
OBJECTIVE: Create a class to store student details, compute total marks, and determine the
grade based on marks.
DESCRIPTION: The Student class stores a student’s name, roll number, and marks of three
subjects. It has methods to calculate total marks and assign a grade based on the total percentage.

SOURCE CODE:
class Student:

def __init__(self, name, roll_no, marks):

[Link] = name

self.roll_no = roll_no

[Link] = marks

def total_marks(self):
return sum([Link])

def grade(self):

total = self.total_marks()

percentage = total / 3

if percentage >= 90:

return 'A'
elif percentage >= 75:
return 'B'
 elif percentage >= 60:

return 'C'

elif percentage >= 50:

return 'D'

else:

return 'F'

def display(self):

print(f"Name: {[Link]}")

print(f"Roll Number: {self.roll_no}")

print(f"Marks: {[Link]}")
print(f"Total: {self.total_marks()}")

print(f"Grade: {[Link]()}")

student1 = Student("John Doe", 101, [85, 78, 92])

[Link]()

OUTPUT:

Name: John Doe

Roll Number: 101

Marks: [85, 78, 92]

Total: 255

Grade: B
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2
PROBLEM STATEMENT 42-Write a class Rectangle that computes Area and Perimeter.

OBJECTIVE: Create a class to represent a rectangle and calculate its area and perimeter.

DESCRIPTION: The Rectangle class stores the length and width of a rectangle. It provides
methods to compute the area and perimeter.

SOURCE CODE:
class Rectangle:

def __init__(self, length, width):

[Link] = length

[Link] = width

def area(self):
return [Link] * [Link]

def perimeter(self):

return 2 * ([Link] + [Link])

def display(self):

print(f"Length: {[Link]}, Width: {[Link]}")

print(f"Area: {[Link]()}")

print(f"Perimeter: {[Link]()}")
rect = Rectangle(5, 3)

[Link]()

OUTPUT:

Length: 5, Width: 3

Area: 15
Perimeter: 16
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2
PROBLEM STATEMENT 43-Write a simple tkinter program to create a window with the label
Welcome to GUI Programming.

OBJECTIVE: Create a basic GUI window in Python using Tkinter with a welcoming label.
DESCRIPTION: The program uses the Tkinter library to create a window, adds a Label widget
with a message, and runs the main event loop to display the window.
SOURCE CODE:

from tkinter import *

window = Tk()

[Link]("Simple GUI")

[Link]("400x200")

label = Label(window, text="Welcome to GUI Programming")

[Link](pady=50)

[Link]()

OUTPUT-

A GUI window appears with the title “Simple GUI” and a centered label displaying:

Welcome to GUI Programming

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2
PROBLEM STATEMENT 44-Write a GUI-based program to accept two numbers and display
their sum.

OBJECTIVE: Create a GUI application to input two numbers and display their sum.
DESCRIPTION: The program uses Tkinter to create input fields for two numbers, a button to
calculate the sum, and a label to display the result.
SOURCE CODE:

from tkinter import *

def calculate_sum():

try:

num1 = float([Link]())

num2 = float([Link]())

result = num1 + num2

label_result.config(text=f"Sum: {result}")

except ValueError:

label_result.config(text="Please enter valid numbers")

window = Tk()
[Link]("Sum Calculator")

[Link]("300x200")

Label(window, text="Enter first number:").pack(pady=5)

entry1 = Entry(window)
[Link](pady=5)

Label(window, text="Enter second number:").pack(pady=5)

entry2 = Entry(window)
[Link](pady=5)

Button(window, text="Calculate Sum", command=calculate_sum).pack(pady=10)

label_result = Label(window, text="Sum: ")

label_result.pack(pady=5)

[Link]()

OUTPUT:

A GUI window appears with:

• Two input fields to enter numbers

• A button labeled “Calculate Sum”

• A label showing the sum after clicking the button

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 45-Create a GUI application to change the background color of the
window.
OBJECTIVE: Create a GUI application that allows the user to change the window’s background
color.
DESCRIPTION: The program uses Tkinter to create buttons that, when clicked, change the
background color of the main window.

SOURCE CODE:
from tkinter import *

def change_bg(color):

[Link](bg=color)

window = Tk()

[Link]("Background Color Changer")

[Link]("400x200")
Label(window, text="Click a button to change background color:", font=("Arial",
12)).pack(pady=10)
Button(window, text="Red", width=10, command=lambda: change_bg("red")).pack(pady=5)

Button(window, text="Green", width=10, command=lambda:

change_bg("green")).pack(pady=5)
Button(window, text="Blue", width=10, command=lambda: change_bg("blue")).pack(pady=5)

Button(window, text="Yellow", width=10, command=lambda:

change_bg("yellow")).pack(pady=5)

[Link]()
OUTPUT:
• A GUI window appears with an instruction label.

• Four buttons labeled Red, Green, Blue, Yellow.

• Clicking a button changes the window’s background color to the selected color.
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2
PROBLEM STATEMENT 46-Write a tkinter GUI application to take a name, input, and display
a personalized greeting message.

OBJECTIVE: Create a GUI application that accepts a user’s name and displays a personalized
greeting message.

DESCRIPTION: The program uses Tkinter to create an input field for the name, a button to
submit, and a label to display the greeting message.

SOURCE CODE:

from tkinter import *

def greet():

name = entry_name.get()

if [Link]():

label_greeting.config(text=f"Hello, {name}! Welcome!")

else:

label_greeting.config(text="Please enter your name.")

window = Tk()

[Link]("Greeting App")

[Link]("400x200")

Label(window, text="Enter your name:", font=("Arial", 12)).pack(pady=10)

entry_name = Entry(window, font=("Arial", 12))

entry_name.pack(pady=5)
Button(window, text="Greet Me", font=("Arial", 12), command=greet).pack(pady=10)

label_greeting = Label(window, text="", font=("Arial", 14), fg="blue")

label_greeting.pack(pady=10)

[Link]()

OUTPUT:

• A GUI window appears with a label “Enter your name:”, an entry box, and a “Greet Me”
button.

• When the user enters their name (e.g., Alice) and clicks the button, the label updates:

Hello, Alice! Welcome!

NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2

PROBLEM STATEMENT 47-Create a GUI-based student marks calculator with input fields for
three subjects and a button to calculate total and grade.
OBJECTIVE: Create a GUI application to input marks for three subjects and display the total
marks and grade.
DESCRIPTION: The program uses Tkinter to create input fields for three subjects, a button to
calculate the total and grade, and labels to display the results. The grade is assigned based on
percentage:

• ≥ 90: A

• ≥ 75: B
• ≥ 60: C

• ≥ 50: D

• < 50: F

SOURCE CODE:

from tkinter import *

def calculate():

try:
marks1 = float([Link]())

marks2 = float([Link]())

marks3 = float([Link]())

total = marks1 + marks2 + marks3

percentage = total / 3

if percentage >= 90:

 grade = 'A'

elif percentage >= 75:

grade = 'B'

elif percentage >= 60:

grade = 'C'

elif percentage >= 50:

grade = 'D'

else:

grade = 'F'

label_result.config(text=f"Total: {total}\nGrade: {grade}")

except ValueError:
label_result.config(text="Please enter valid numeric marks.")

window = Tk()

[Link]("Student Marks Calculator")

[Link]("400x350")

Label(window, text="Enter marks for Subject 1:", font=("Arial", 12)).pack(pady=5)

entry1 = Entry(window, font=("Arial", 12))

[Link](pady=5)

Label(window, text="Enter marks for Subject 2:", font=("Arial", 12)).pack(pady=5)

entry2 = Entry(window, font=("Arial", 12))

[Link](pady=5)

Label(window, text="Enter marks for Subject 3:", font=("Arial", 12)).pack(pady=5)

entry3 = Entry(window, font=("Arial", 12))

[Link](pady=5)

Button(window, text="Calculate", font=("Arial", 12), command=calculate).pack(pady=15)

label_result = Label(window, text="", font=("Arial", 14), fg="green")

label_result.pack(pady=10)

[Link]()

OUTPUT

• Input Marks: 85, 78, 92

• Total: 255

• Grade: B
NAME: GOPAL RANA DATE:17/11/2025

ROLL NO: 80

COURSE: BCA (AI & DS)

SECTION: B2
PROBLEM STATEMENT 48-Write a Tkinter GUI application to display an image and provide
buttons to zoom in and out.

OBJECTIVE: Create a GUI application that displays an image and allows the user to zoom in
and out using buttons.

DESCRIPTION: The program uses Tkinter along with PIL (Python Imaging Library) to load and
display an image. Buttons are provided to increase or decrease the size of the image dynamically

SOURCE CODE:

from tkinter import *

from PIL import Image, ImageTk

def zoom_in():

global img, tk_img, zoom

zoom *= 1.2

new_img = [Link]((int([Link] * zoom), int([Link] * zoom)))

tk_img = [Link](new_img)
[Link](image=tk_img)

def zoom_out():

global img, tk_img, zoom

zoom /= 1.2

new_img = [Link]((int([Link] * zoom), int([Link] * zoom)))

tk_img = [Link](new_img)
[Link](image=tk_img)
root = Tk()

[Link]("Image Zoom Example")

img = [Link]("your_image.jpg") # Change this to your image path

zoom = 1.0

tk_img = [Link](img)

label = Label(root, image=tk_img)

[Link]()

Button(root, text="Zoom In", command=zoom_in).pack(side=LEFT, padx=10, pady=10)

Button(root, text="Zoom Out", command=zoom_out).pack(side=LEFT, padx=10, pady=10)

[Link]()

OUTPUT-

+---------------------------------------+

| [ Your Image Here ] |

| |

+---------------------------------------+
| [ Zoom In ] [ Zoom Out ] |

+---------------------------------------+