Wave Motion Tutorial Solutions
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Powered by AITransverse waves have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of wave travel, such as waves on a string. Longitudinal waves oscillate parallel to the wave's travel, like sound waves in air. This structural difference means transverse waves can only propagate through solids, while longitudinal waves can move through solids, liquids, and gases, impacting their applicability and the media they travel through .
The displacement of 6.0 cm represents the maximum displacement of particles from their equilibrium position, which is the amplitude of the wave. This means that each particle oscillates with this maximum displacement as the wave propagates through the medium, characteristic of transverse wave motion .
The formation of nodes and antinodes in standing waves is a result of the interference of two waves of the same frequency and speed traveling in opposite directions. Nodes are points of destructive interference with zero amplitude, while antinodes are points of constructive interference with maximum amplitude. The frequency and speed determine the spacing of nodes and antinodes, while the amplitude influences the maximum intensity at antinodes .
The equation for a progressive wave typically involves terms representing both time and position, indicating movement, such as \( y = A \sin(\omega t - kx) \). A standing wave equation often has a node pattern, with terms that allow points to remain stationary, such as \( y = A \sin(kx)\cos(\omega t) \). Progressive waves are demonstrated by their movement phase, while standing waves show fixed nodes and varying amplitudes .
Doubling the frequency while keeping the speed constant requires that the wavelength is halved according to the wave equation \( v = f\lambda \), since speed \( v \) is the product of frequency \( f \) and wavelength. The wave speed remains unchanged, emphasizing how frequency and wavelength are inversely related if the medium's properties are constant .
The velocity of the waves can be derived by recognizing that the wave equation \( y = A \sin (\omega t - kx) \) denotes a wave with angular frequency \( \omega = 20 \) rad/s and wave number \( k = 4.0 \) m^-1. The wave speed \( v \) is \( \frac{\omega}{k} \), so \( v = \frac{20}{4.0} = 5 \) m/s .
The wavelength can be calculated using the formula \( \lambda = \frac{v}{f} \), where \( \lambda \) is the wavelength, \( v \) is the speed of the wave, and \( f \) is the frequency. For a wave with frequency 200 Hz and speed 5.0 ms^-1, the wavelength is \( \lambda = \frac{5.0}{200} = 0.025 \) meters .
In progressive waves, adjacent points are not in phase; they have different phases due to the wave's movement. In standing waves, adjacent points between nodes are in phase, meaning they reach their maximum and minimum displacements simultaneously, creating stationary nodes and antinodes .
The original wave equation is \( y = 0.60 \sin (20t - 4.0x) \). For Teratai lake, the amplitude is halved, and the speed is doubled and reversed. New amplitude = 0.30. The frequency is unchanged, hence \( \omega = 20 \). Speed is doubled, so wave number changes: \( v' = 10 \) m/s means \( k' = 2.0 \) for the opposite direction: \( y = 0.30 \sin(20t + 2.0x) \).
Progressive waves have a wave profile that moves and all points have equal amplitude; adjacent points are not in phase. In contrast, standing waves have a wave profile that does not move, have nodes, and points between adjacent nodes have different amplitudes but are in phase .