IRCTC

SBI Banking
Zomato
MakeMyTrip
Describe 2 components for the above software
Here’s a simple description of 2 key components for each of the given software:

1. IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation)

a) Booking Module:
Handles train search, seat availability, fare calculation, and ticket booking or cancellation.
b) Payment Gateway Module:
Integrates multiple payment options (credit/debit cards, UPI, net banking, wallets) to process
secure online payments.

2. SBI Banking (Online Banking / YONO App)

a) Authentication Module:
Manages secure user login using credentials, OTP, or biometric verification to prevent
unauthorized access.
b) Transaction Module:
Allows users to transfer funds, pay bills, and view transaction history securely.

3. Zomato
a) Restaurant Listing Module:
Displays restaurant details such as name, menu, ratings, price range, and user reviews.
b) Order and Delivery Module:
Handles placing food orders, tracking delivery status, and managing payment options.

4. MakeMyTrip
a) Search and Booking Module:
Lets users search for flights, hotels, or holiday packages and complete bookings.
b) Notification Module:
Sends booking confirmations, reminders, and promotional offers via SMS, email, or app
notifications.
Interface:
The description of the actions thar your functions can do without describing the
implementation in detail

QUIZ
[Link] which of the following kinds of testing, the major focus is on finding out bugs in the
softwares rather than user feedback and refinement?
Alpha Testing
Beta Testing
Both Alpha Testing and Beta Testing
None of Alpha/Beta Testing
Correct answer
Alpha Testing
[Link] kind of testing is usually done by developers rather than actual users of the system?
Alpha Testing
Beta Testing
Both Alpha Testing and Beta Testing
None of Alpha/Beta Testing
Correct answer
Alpha Testing
[Link] which kind of testing are the activities under less control as they are done in real life
environment?
Alpha Testing
Beta Testing
Both Alpha Testing and Beta Testing
None of Alpha/Beta Testing
Correct answer
Beta Testing
Choose a software service from the following: IRCTC SBI Banking Zomato MakeMyTrip
Post two components and identify them as Function/Behaviour/Structure. Describe how they
are interacting
Zomato

🧩 Component 1: Restaurant Search & Filter System

 Type: Function
 Description:
This component allows users to search for restaurants based on name, cuisine, or
location. Filters such as ratings, cost, and delivery time help users refine their results.

🧩 Component 2: Order Placement & Payment Module

 Type: Behaviour
 Description:
This component manages the process of adding food items to the cart, confirming
orders, selecting payment options, and completing the transaction securely.

🔄 Interaction Between Components:

When a user searches for a restaurant using the Search & Filter System, the selected
restaurant’s menu is passed to the Order Placement & Payment Module.
The order module then uses the selected restaurant’s data (like menu items, prices, and
availability) to let the user place and pay for an order.
Thus, both components work together — the first helps the user find, and the second helps
the user buy.
1. IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation)
🧩 Component 1: Train Search & Availability Module

 Type: Function
 Description: Allows users to search trains between two stations, check seat
availability, and view schedules.
🧩 Component 2: Ticket Booking & Payment Gateway

 Type: Behaviour
 Description: Handles ticket booking, passenger details, and secure online payment.
🔄 Interaction:

When a user searches for a train through the Train Search Module, the selected train details
are passed to the Booking & Payment Module, which completes the reservation and issues
the ticket.

🏦 2. SBI Banking

🧩 Component 1: Account Management System

 Type: Structure
 Description: Maintains customer account details like balance, account number, and
transaction history.
🧩 Component 2: Fund Transfer Module

 Type: Behaviour
 Description: Enables users to transfer money using NEFT, RTGS, or UPI methods.
🔄 Interaction:

The Fund Transfer Module fetches account information from the Account Management
System to verify balance and process transactions securely.

✈️4. MakeMyTrip

🧩 Component 1: Flight Search & Booking Interface

 Type: Function
 Description: Lets users search and compare flights by date, price, and destination.
🧩 Component 2: User Profile & Booking History System

 Type: Structure
  Description: Stores user information, past bookings, and preferences.
🔄 Interaction:

When a user books a flight using the Search & Booking Interface, the details are saved into
the User Profile System for easy retrieval and future use.
Select correct set of concepts from the following for sequence diagram:
1/1
Occurrence specification, execution specification, interaction, lifeline, message, signal

Action, activity, control flow, control node, data flow, exception, expansion region, fork, join,
object node
Association, class, dependency, generalization, interface, realization
connector, collaboration, collaboration use, role
In Class diagram, properties of the instance is represented by attributes and behavior is
represented by methods.
1/1
True

False

Complete the sentence by selecting correct option from the following:

Activation boxes in sequence diagram shows ________
1/1
The activity of actor
Reply message from receiver
When and how long an object is performing a process
An end of the activity

In sequence diagram, actors are external objects for system.

1/1
True

False
Have you referred other UML diagrams from readings and videos? If yes, List those?
class,behaviour,sequence

Implementation-related Qualities
1. Correctness – Software behaves according to its specifications.
2. Reliability – Software performs consistently over time.
3. Robustness – Ability to handle errors or unexpected input gracefully.
4. Performance – Efficient use of computing resources; how fast the software runs.
5. Portability – Can run on different platforms without modification.
6. Interoperability – Ability to interact smoothly with other systems using
standards.
7. Security – Protects data and operations from unauthorized access.

🔹 Developer-related Qualities

8. Verifiability – Ease of checking that software works as intended.

9. Maintainability – Ease of correcting, updating, or improving software.
10. Reusability – Ease of using components in new contexts or applications.

🔹 User-related Qualities

11. Learnability – Ease with which users can learn to use the software.
12. User Efficiency – Speed with which users can perform tasks.
13. Accessibility – Usability by people with diverse abilities.
14. Privacy – Protection of user data from unauthorized sharing or access.
15. Consistency – Uniformity in interface and functionality across the system.
16. Usability – Overall ease of use; combines learnability, efficiency, and
accessibility.
 17. Bias – Absence of discrimination or exclusion in software design or data.
18. Usefulness – Degree to which software delivers value to stakeholders.

Assimilation Quiz 3.2

Which of the following is not a Software quality concern mentioned in LxT 3.2?

Portability
Reusability
Scalability
Performance

________ is the effort required to correct, adapt, or perfect software. This depends mostly on
how comprehensible and modular an implementation is.
0/1
Maintainability
Reusability
Accessibility
Robustness

"Not all software qualities are of concern for every software system" - Is this statement true
or false?
True

False

Which of the following is an aggregate quality which encompasses many other software
qualities like privacy, consistency, accessibility, etc.?
Learnability
Usefulness
Usability
Consistency

"Some software quality may need to be given up in order to fulfil another software quality of
higher priority" - is this statement true or false?
True
False

RCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation)

Quality Perspective Issues & Mapping

Issue Encountered Description Mapped Quality Perspective

During peak hours (like Tatkal Performance (software speed

1. Slow loading and
booking), the site becomes very and resource efficiency) and
frequent timeouts
slow or crashes, making it difficult Reliability (consistent behavior
during ticket booking
to complete transactions on time. over time).

2. Complex and New users find it hard to locate train

Learnability (ease of learning)
confusing user details, availability, and payment
and User Efficiency (speed and
interface for new options; too many steps reduce
ease of completing tasks).
users efficiency.

1. SBI Banking App / Online Portal

Issue Encountered Description Mapped Quality Perspective

1. Frequent session The session often expires too Reliability (consistent operation)
timeouts and app quickly or the app crashes and Robustness (handling
crashes during fund transfers. unexpected situations).

2. Complicated Users struggle to find options Learnability (ease of learning)

navigation and unclear like “Add beneficiary” or and Usability (overall ease of
menus “Download statement.” use).

2. Zomato

Issue Encountered Description Mapped Quality Perspective

1. Inaccurate The app often shows incorrect or Correctness (accuracy of system

delivery time fluctuating delivery times, causing output) and Reliability (consistent
estimates user frustration. information).
Issue Encountered Description Mapped Quality Perspective

Frequent promotions and Usability (user satisfaction) and

2. Too many app
notifications interrupt the user Consistency (uniform, predictable
pop-ups and ads
experience. interface).

MakeMyTrip

Issue Encountered Description Mapped Quality Perspective

Sometimes, the transaction fails Reliability (consistent function)

1. Payment failures
after entering all details, causing and Robustness (recovery from
during booking
user frustration and loss of time. errors).

2. Overloaded screens Users find it hard to compare Learnability (ease of use for
with too much options because of excessive offers new users) and User Efficiency
information and visuals. (task completion speed).

The process of representing the solution designed using representations like FBS and UML is
referred to as software modelling.
Abstraction is a way of hiding details in the design at each stage of the design process.

Broadly speaking, being a programmer means:

Automating things so that they work on their own

Learning and using any specific programming language to build software
Being able to build the same software using different programming languages
Understanding real life problems which hold value for people and solve those problems using
effective programming tools.

Odd one out. Following are the leverage activities for software engineers in their day to day
jobs. Select the option which is not a leverage activity.
Optimize for learning
Invest in Iteration speed
Validate your ideas aggressively and iteratively
Minimizing operational burden
Put more efforts to get good outcomes
Build a great Engineering culture
Correct answer
Put more efforts to get good outcomes

Putting the user at center while designing software is an important thing in the software
development process.
True
False

For a Software developer, “More efforts means more impact”.

True
False
Correct answer
False