1.

Wave Optics
Difficulty Level : Board

1. The ratio of the wavelength of the violet to yellow lines of mercury spectrum is0.69. If the
wavelength of the yellow line is 580 nm, the frequency of the violet line is approximately
(a) 150 Hz (b) 300 Hz
3
(c) 3 × 10 Hz (d) 7.5 × 1014 Hz.

2. In an experiment with a monochromatic sodium lamp, the angle of deviation at the minimum
deviation position is half the angle of prism. If 60° is the angle of prism, the refractive index
of the material of the prism is
(a) 1.013 (b) 1.414
(c) 2.122 (d) 0.707.

3. A specially designed transmitter sends radio waves of frequency 100 Hz travelling with the
velocity of light. The wavelength of such radio waves is
(a) 100 m (b) 1500 m
8
(c) ) 3 × 10 m (d) 3 × 106 m.

4. A medium in which the velocity of a wave depends on its frequency is called

(a) dispersive medium (b) elastic medium
(c) viscous medium (d) opaque medium.

5. Light rays from a sodium lamp are incident normally on one side of a glass prism of
refractive index 1.5 and emerge out of the other surface. The angle of prism is 30°, the angle
of deviation is
(a) 50° (b) 27.5°
(c) 18.5° (d) 7.5°.

6. If the refractive index of diamond with respect to a rarer medium is 2.42, the critical angle is
(a) 46.6° (b) 16.2°
(c) 60° (d) 24.4°.

7. Which one of the following phenomena support corpuscular nature of radiation?

(a) Compton effect (b) Diffraction
(c) Polarization (d) Scattering and Raman effect.

8. The refractive indices of a crown prism are 1.540, 1.528, 1.532 for the violet, red and the
mean ray respectively, then the dispersive power of the prism is
(a) 1.5 (b) 0.0012
(c) 1.223 (d) 0.0225.

9. The value of Stefan’s constant is

(a) 6.7 × 108 W m2 K–4 (b) 5.7 × 10–8 J s–1 m2 K–4
 7.2

Wave optics
(c) 8.7 × 108 W m2 K–4 (d) 5.7 × 10–8 J s–1 m2 K–1.

10. Velocity of light in a transparent medium is 2/3 of that in air. The refractive index
of the medium is
(a) 0.67 (b) 1.1
(c) 1.5 (d) 0.12.

11. Snell’s law of refraction is

(a)1/1µ2 = sinsin (b) 1µ2 sin i = sin r
(c) 2µ1 = sin i sin r (d) 1µ2 = sin i.

12. Stefan’s law is used to determine

(a) earth’s radius (b) coefficient of conduction of metal
(c) temperature of sun (d) distance of the sun from the earth.

13. A prism of angle 16° has a dispersive power of 0.1 for two rays. If the refractive index of the
mean ray is 1.6, the difference between the refractive indices of the two rays is
(a) 0.12 (b) 0.16
(c) 0.22 (d) 0.06

14. The source of energy for the sun to radiate is

(a) fission (b) thermo-electric power
(c) fusion (d) photoelectric effect.

15. At a distance 4 metre from a lamp the intensity of illumination is 6 lux. The illuminating
power of lamp is
(a) 22 candela (b) 9 candela
(c) 28 candela (d) 96 candela

16. To a fish under water, viewing obliquely a fisher-man standing on the bank of a lake, does
appear as
(a) slightly shorter (b) taller
(c) with no change in height (d) with half the original height.

17. Two lamps of luminous intensity 4 and 16 units are 2 metre apart. At which point between
the lamps illumination due to either one is the same
(a) 1.5 m (b) 1.2 m
(c) 0.889 m (d) 0.667 m.

18. Light travels through a glass plate of thickness t and having refractive index µ. If c is the
velocity of light in vacuum, the time taken by light to travel this thickness of glass is
(a)t/µc (b) tµc
(c) µt/c (d)tc/µ

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 7.3

Wave optics
19. A light ray passes from air to crown glass through an organic liquid. The refractive index of
this liquid with respect to glass is (Given: µ of glass is 1.5 and the velocity of light in liquid
is 0.8 times that in air)
(a) 0.8 (b) 1.6
(c) 2.2 (d) 1.2.

20. In the minimum deviation position

(a) angle of incidence is always twice the angle of refraction
(b) angle of incidence is equal to angle of refraction
(c) incident ray and emergent ray are symmetrical to refracting faces
(d) all the above are true.

21. The angles of deviation of two extreme colours are 37°C and 42°C respectively, then the
angular dispersion is
(a) 10° (b)5°
(c)9° (d) 2°.

22. How much time will light take to transverse a glass slab of thickness 10 cm and refractive
index 1.5?
(a) 3 × 107 sec (b) 0.5 × 10–9 sec
(c) 1.5 × 10–9 sec (d) 3 × 10–8 s.

23. One lux (the unit of illumination) is

(a) one lumen/sec2 (b) one lumen/sec
(c) 10 lumen/Kelvin (d) one lumen/m2.

24. Which of the following is true of SI units?

(a) it is comprehensive in the sense that its seven base units cover all disciplines of science
and technology
(b) the system is coherent as the unit of a derived quantity can be obtained as the product of
two or more fundamental units.
(c) it is internationally accepted
(d) all the above are true.

25. Two independent identical sodium lamps are not coherent sources because
(a) they produce waves of different wave lengths
(b) they produce waves of same amplitudes
(c) they produce waves of different frequencies
(d) they are producing waves of same wavelengths but not having a constant initial phase
difference.

26. In a plane electromagnetic wave the electric field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of
2 × 1010 Hz and magnitude 51 V/m. The wavelength and amplitude of the oscillating
magnetic field are
(a) 1.5 × 10–2 m, 17 × 10–8 tesla (b) 1.5 × 10–3 m, 18 × 10–6 tesla
Compiled by Dhiraj Ninawe
 7.4

Wave optics
(c) 3 × 10–2 m, 6 × 102 tesla (d) 9 × 106 m, 2 × 10–3 tesla.

27. Acoustical waves easily undergo diffracttion around normal obstacles while light waves do
not because
(a) wavelength of light waves is large
(b) wavelength of sound waves is small
(c) wavelength of sound waves is large compared with that of light
(d) due to rectilinear propagation of light.

28. When a soap bubble is in air it exhibit different colours under sunlight. The absence of a
particular colour in a region is due to
(a) constructive interference of light of,that colour in that region
(b) destructive interference of light of that colour in that region
(c) double refraction
(d) straight line propagation of light.

29. Which of the following lights deviates the most when it passes through a prism?
(a) Red Light
(b) Violet Light
(c) Neither (a) nor (b)
(d) Both (a) and (b)

30. When light travels from one medium to another, which of the following does not change?
(a) Frequency
(b) refractive index
(c) velocity
(d) wavelength

31. For which of the following is the field of view maximum?

(a) Concave mirror
(b) Convex mirror
(c) Plane mirror
(d) Cylindrical mirror

32. Which of the following cannot be polarised?

(a) Radiowaves
(b) transverse waves
(c) sound waves
(d) X-rays

33. What happens when the light is refracted into a medium?

(a) Both frequency and wavelength of the light increase
(b) The wavelength increases but the frequency remains unchanged
(c) Both wavelength and frequency decrease

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 7.5

Wave optics
(d) The wavelength decreases but the frequency remains constant

34. Which of the following is not a property of light?

(a) It can travel through vacuum
(b) It has a finite speed
(c) It requires a material medium for its propagation
(d) It involve transportation energy

35. Two lens of power -15 D and +5 D are placed in contact co-axially. The focal length of
equivalent lens is:
(a) -10 cm
(b) -20 cm
(c) +10 cm
(d) None

36. If a glass prism is dipped in water, what happens to its dispersive power?
(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) Does not change
(d) No effect

37. Which of the following phenomenon is used in optical fiber?

(a) Refraction
(b) Diffraction
(c) Scattering
(d) Total Internal Reflection

38. For a telescope, the larger the diameter of the objective lens
(a) Greater the resolving power
(b) Greater the magnifying power
(c) Smaller the resolving power

39. What should be increased to increase the angular magnification of a simple microscope?
(a) The power of the lens
(b) The focal length of the lens
(c) Lens Aperture
(d) Object Size

40. Which of the following phenomena of light results in a mirage?

(a) Refraction of light
(b) Reflection of light
(c) Total internal reflection
(d) Diffraction of light

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 7.6

Wave optics
41. A convex lens is dipped in a liquid whose refractive index is equal to the refractive index of
the lens. Then what is its focal length?
(a) Focal Length will become zero
(b) Focal Length will become infinite
(c) Focal length will reduce, but not become zero
(d) Remains unchanged

42. The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction remains constant for
given pair of media and that constant is called as
(a) Refractive index
(b) Refractive index of first medium with respect to second medium
(c) Refractive index of second medium with respect to first medium
(d) None

43. Which of the following statements is true for total internal reflection?
(a) Light travels from rarer medium to denser medium
(b) Light travels from denser medium to rarer medium
(c) Light travels in water only
44. Light travels in the air only
The ratio of the wavelength of the violet to yellow lines of mercury spectrum is0.69. If the
wavelength of the yellow line is 580 nm, the frequency of the violet line is approximately
(a) 150 Hz (b) 300 Hz
3
(c) 3 × 10 Hz (d) 7.5 × 1014 Hz.

45. In an experiment with a monochromatic sodium lamp, the angle of deviation at the minimum
deviation position is half the angle of prism. If 60° is the angle of prism, the refractive index
of the material of the prism is
(a) 1.013 (b) 1.414
(c) 2.122 (d) 0.707.

46. A specially designed transmitter sends radio waves of frequency 100 Hz travelling with the
velocity of light. The wavelength of such radio waves is
(a) 100 m (b) 1500 m
8
(c) ) 3 × 10 m (d) 3 × 106 m.

47. A medium in which the velocity of a wave depends on its frequency is called
(a) dispersive medium (b) elastic medium
(c) viscous medium (d) opaque medium.

48. Light rays from a sodium lamp are incident normally on one side of a glass prism of
refractive index 1.5 and emerge out of the other surface. The angle of prism is 30°, the angle
of deviation is
(a) 50° (b) 27.5°
(c) 18.5° (d) 7.5°.

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 7.7

Wave optics
49. If the refractive index of diamond with respect to a rarer medium is 2.42, the critical angle is
(a) 46.6° (b) 16.2°
(c) 60° (d) 24.4°.

50. Which one of the following phenomena support corpuscular nature of radiation?
(a) Compton effect (b) Diffraction
(c) Polarization (d) Scattering and Raman effect.

51. The refractive indices of a crown prism are 1.540, 1.528, 1.532 for the violet, red and the
mean ray respectively, then the dispersive power of the prism is
(a) 1.5 (b) 0.0012
(c) 1.223 (d) 0.0225.

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 7.8

Wave optics

Difficulty Level : MHT-CET

1. The value of Stefan’s constant is

(a) 6.7 × 108 W m2 K–4 (b) 5.7 × 10–8 J s–1 m2 K–4
(c) 8.7 × 108 W m2 K–4 (d) 5.7 × 10–8 J s–1 m2 K–1.

2. Velocity of light in a transparent medium is 2/3 of that in air. The refractive index
of the medium is
(a) 0.67 (b) 1.1
(c) 1.5 (d) 0.12.

3. Snell’s law of refraction is

(a)1/1µ2 = sinsin (b) 1µ2 sin i = sin r
(c) 2µ1 = sin i sin r (d) 1µ2 = sin i.

4. Stefan’s law is used to determine

(a) earth’s radius (b) coefficient of conduction of metal
(c) temperature of sun (d) distance of the sun from the earth.

5. A prism of angle 16° has a dispersive power of 0.1 for two rays. If the refractive index of the
mean ray is 1.6, the difference between the refractive indices of the two rays is
(a) 0.12 (b) 0.16
(c) 0.22 (d) 0.06

6. The source of energy for the sun to radiate is

(a) fission (b) thermo-electric power
(c) fusion (d) photoelectric effect.

7. At a distance 4 metre from a lamp the intensity of illumination is 6 lux. The illuminating
power of lamp is
(a) 22 candela (b) 9 candela
(c) 28 candela (d) 96 candela

8. To a fish under water, viewing obliquely a fisher-man standing on the bank of a lake, does
appear as
(a) slightly shorter (b) taller
(c) with no change in height (d) with half the original height.

9. Two lamps of luminous intensity 4 and 16 units are 2 metre apart. At which point between
the lamps illumination due to either one is the same
(a) 1.5 m (b) 1.2 m
(c) 0.889 m (d) 0.667 m.

10. Light travels through a glass plate of thickness t and having refractive index µ. If c is the
velocity of light in vacuum, the time taken by light to travel this thickness of glass is
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 7.9

Wave optics
(a)t/µc (b) tµc
(c) µt/c (d)tc/µ

11. A light ray passes from air to crown glass through an organic liquid. The refractive index of
this liquid with respect to glass is (Given: µ of glass is 1.5 and the velocity of light in liquid
is 0.8 times that in air)
(a) 0.8 (b) 1.6
(c) 2.2 (d) 1.2.

12. In the minimum deviation position

(a) angle of incidence is always twice the angle of refraction
(b) angle of incidence is equal to angle of refraction
(c) incident ray and emergent ray are symmetrical to refracting faces
(d) all the above are true.

13. The angles of deviation of two extreme colours are 37°C and 42°C respectively, then the
angular dispersion is
(a) 10° (b)5°
(c)9° (d) 2°.

14. How much time will light take to transverse a glass slab of thickness 10 cm and refractive
index 1.5?
(a) 3 × 107 sec (b) 0.5 × 10–9 sec
(c) 1.5 × 10–9 sec (d) 3 × 10–8 s.

15. One lux (the unit of illumination) is

(a) one lumen/sec2 (b) one lumen/sec
(c) 10 lumen/Kelvin (d) one lumen/m2.

16. Which of the following is true of SI units?

(a) it is comprehensive in the sense that its seven base units cover all disciplines of science
and technology
(b) the system is coherent as the unit of a derived quantity can be obtained as the product of
two or more fundamental units.
(c) it is internationally accepted
(d) all the above are true.

17. Two independent identical sodium lamps are not coherent sources because
(a) they produce waves of different wave lengths
(b) they produce waves of same amplitudes
(c) they produce waves of different frequencies
(d) they are producing waves of same wavelengths but not having a constant initial phase
difference.

18. In a plane electromagnetic wave the electric field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of
Compiled by Dhiraj Ninawe
 7.10

Wave optics
2 × 1010 Hz and magnitude 51 V/m. The wavelength and amplitude of the oscillating
magnetic field are
(a) 1.5 × 10–2 m, 17 × 10–8 tesla (b) 1.5 × 10–3 m, 18 × 10–6 tesla
(c) 3 × 10–2 m, 6 × 102 tesla (d) 9 × 106 m, 2 × 10–3 tesla.

19. Acoustical waves easily undergo diffracttion around normal obstacles while light waves do
not because
(a) wavelength of light waves is large
(b) wavelength of sound waves is small
(c) wavelength of sound waves is large compared with that of light
(d) due to rectilinear propagation of light.

20. When a soap bubble is in air it exhibit different colours under sunlight. The absence of a
particular colour in a region is due to
(a) constructive interference of light of that colour in that region
(b) destructive interference of light of that colour in that region
(c) double refraction
(d) straight line propagation of light.

21. Which of the following lights deviates the most when it passes through a prism?
(a) Red Light
(b) Violet Light
(c) Neither (a) nor (b)
(d) Both (a) and (b)

22. When light travels from one medium to another, which of the following does not change?
(a) Frequency (c) refractive index
(b) Velocity (d) wavelength

23. For which of the following is the field of view maximum?

(a) Concave mirror
(b) Convex mirror
(c) Plane mirror
(d) Cylindrical mirror

24. Which of the following cannot be polarised?

(a) Radiowaves
(b) transverse waves
(c) sound waves
(d) X-rays

25. What happens when the light is refracted into a medium?

(a) Both frequency and wavelength of the light increase
(b) The wavelength increases but the frequency remains unchanged
(c) Both wavelength and frequency decrease
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Wave optics
(d) The wavelength decreases but the frequency remains constant

26. Which of the following is not a property of light?

(a) It can travel through vacuum
(b) It has a finite speed
(c) It requires a material medium for its propagation
(d) It involve transportation energy

27. Two lens of power -15 D and +5 D are placed in contact co-axially. The focal length of
equivalent lens is:
(a) -10 cm
(b) -20 cm
(c) +10 cm
(d) None

28. If a glass prism is dipped in water, what happens to its dispersive power?
(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) Does not change
(d) No effect

29. Which of the following phenomenon is used in optical fiber?

(a) Refraction
(b) Diffraction
(c) Scattering
(d) Total Internal Reflection

30. For a telescope, the larger the diameter of the objective lens
(a) Greater the resolving power
(b) Greater the magnifying power
(c) Smaller the resolving power
(d) None of these

31. What should be increased to increase the angular magnification of a simple microscope?
(a) The power of the lens
(b) The focal length of the lens
(c) Lens Aperture
(d) Object Size

32. Which of the following phenomena of light results in a mirage?

(a) Refraction of light
(b) Reflection of light
(c) Total internal reflection
(d) Diffraction of light

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 7.12

Wave optics
33. A convex lens is dipped in a liquid whose refractive index is equal to the refractive index of
the lens. Then what is its focal length?
(a) Focal Length will become zero
(b) Focal Length will become infinite
(c) Focal length will reduce, but not become zero
(d) Remains unchanged

34. The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction remains constant for
given pair of media and that constant is called as
(a) Refractive index
(b) Refractive index of first medium with respect to second medium
(c) Refractive index of second medium with respect to first medium
(d) None

35. Which of the following statements is true for total internal reflection?
(a) Light travels from rarer medium to denser medium
(b) Light travels from denser medium to rarer medium
(c) Light travels in water only
(d) Light travels in the air only

36. In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the wavelength of light used is 6000 Å, and the slit
width is 0.1 mm. The angular width of the central maximum is:
a) 3.46° b) 0.34° c) 6.92° d) 1.38°

37. In Young's double-slit experiment, the distance between the slits is 0.1 mm, and the screen is
placed 1 m away. The fringe width for light of wavelength 6000 Å is:
a) 0.6 mm b) 6 mm c) 0.3 mm d) 3 mm

38. The angular separation of the central maximum in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of a
single slit is 3°. If the slit width is doubled, the angular separation becomes:
a) 1.5° b) 3° c) 6° d) 2°

39. In Young's double-slit experiment, if the wavelength of light is increased, the fringe width:
a) Increases b) Decreases
c) Remains the same d) First increases then decreases

40. The intensity at a point on the screen in Young's double-slit experiment is one-fourth of the
maximum intensity. The path difference at this point is:
a) λ/2 b) λ/4 c) λ/8 d) λ/3

41. Two waves of the same frequency and amplitude, interfering constructively, will result in an
intensity that is:
a) Four times the intensity of each wave
b) Twice the intensity of each wave
c) The same as the intensity of each wave
d) Zero

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Wave optics
42. The phase difference between two waves resulting in the formation of the first dark fringe in
a double slit interference pattern is:
a) 90o b) 180 o c) 0 o d) 360 o

43. If a plate of refractive index 1.5 is introduced in the path of one of the slits in Young's
double-slit experiment, the central fringe will:
a) Shift towards the plate side
b) Shift away from the plate side
c) Remain unchanged
d) Disappear

44. In a double-slit experiment, if the distance between the slits is increased, the fringe width:
a) Increases b) Decreases
c) Remains the same d) Vanishes

45. The width of the central maximum in a single-slit diffraction pattern depends on:
a) Wavelength of light and slit width
b) Wavelength of light and slit distance
c) Amplitude of light and slit distance
d) Frequency of light and slit width

46. When the wavelength of light in a biprism experiment is decreased, the fringe width:
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) First increases then decreases

47. The condition for constructive interference is a path difference of:

a) nλ, where n is an integer
b) (2n+1)λ/2
c) (2n+1)λ
d) (n+1)λ/2

48. In a diffraction experiment, if the width of the slit is halved, the width of the central
maximum:
a) Doubles b) Halves c) Remains unchanged d) Becomes one-fourth

49. Coherent sources are those which:

a) Emit light of the same wavelength
b) Emit light of the same amplitude
c) Emit light waves with a constant phase difference
d) Emit light waves in the same direction

50. The wavelength of light that will produce a first-order maximum at an angle of 30° using a
grating with 6000 lines per centimeter is approximately:
a) 5000 Å b) 6000 Å c) 7000 Å d) 8000 Å

51.

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 7.14

Wave optics

Difficulty Level : JEE

1. A concave mirror has radius of curvature of 40 cm. It is at the bottom of a glass that has
water filled up to 5 cm (see figure). If a small particle is floating on the surface of water, its
image as seen, from directly above the glass is at a distance d from the surface of water. The
value of d is close to [Refractive index of water = 1.33]

(a) 6.7 cm (b) 13.4 cm (c) 8.8 cm (d) 11.7 cm

2. A concave mirror for face viewing has focal length of 0.4 m. The distance at which you
hold the mirror from your face in order to see your image upright with a magnification of 5
is
(a) 0.16 m (b) 1.60 m (c) 0.32 m (d) 0.24 m

3. A point source of light, S is placed at a distance L in front of the centre of plane mirror of
width d which is hanging vertically on a wall. A man walks in front of the mirror along a
line parallel to the mirror, at a distance 2L as shown below. The distance over which the man
can see the image of the light source in the mirror is

(a) d/2 (b) d (c) 3d (d) 2d

4. The plane mirrors (M1 and M2) are inclined to each other such that a ray of light incident on
mirror M1 and parallel to the mirror M2 is reflected from mirror M2 parallel to the mirror M1.
The angle between the two mirror is
(a) 45° (b) 75° (c) 90° (d) 60°

5. In an experiment to determine the focal length (f) of a concave mirror by the u-v method, a
student places the object pin A on the principal axis at a distance x from the pole P. The
student looks at the pin and its inverted image from a distance keeping his/her eye in line
with PA. When the student shifts his/her eye towards left, the image appears to the right of
the object pin. Then
(a) x < f (b) f < x < 2 f (c) x = 2 f (d) x > 2 f
6. Two plane mirrors A and B are aligned parallel to each other, as shown in the figure. A light
ray is incident at an angle 30° at a point just inside one end of A. The plane of incidence
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Wave optics
coincides with the plane of the figure. The maximum number of times the ray undergoes
reflections (including the first one) before it emerges out is

(a) 28 (b) 30 (c) 32 (d) 34

7. A point source of light S, placed at a distance L in front of the centre of a plane mirror of
idth d, hangs vertically on a wall. A man walks in front of the mirror along a line parallel to
the mirror at a distance 2L from it as shown. The greatest distance over which he can see the
image of the light source in the mirror is

(a) d/2 (b) d (c) 2d (d) 3d

8. A transparent cube of side d, made of a material of refractive index μ2, is immersed in a
liquid of refractive index μ1 (μ1< μ2). A ray is incident on the face AB at an angle  (shown
in the figure). Total internal reflection takes place at point E on the face BC. Then,  must
satisfy

9. A ray of light AO in vacuum is incident on a glass slab at angle 60° and refracted at angle 0°
along OB as shown in the figure. The optical path length of light ray from A to B is

10. In figure, the optical fibre is l = 2mlong and has a diameter of d = 20μm. If a ray of light is
incident on one end of the fibre at angle q1 = 40°, the number of reflections it makes before
emerging from the other end is close to (refractive index of fibre is 1.31 and sin 40° = 0.64)

(a) 55000 (b) 66000 (c) 45000 (d) 57000

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Wave optics
11. A green light is incident from the water to the air-water interface at the critical angle (q).
Select the correct statement
(a) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of the water at an angle of 90° to the
normal
(b) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is less than that of green light will come
out of the air medium
(c) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is more than that of green light will come
out to the air medium
(d) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of the water at various angles to the
normal
12. A point source S is placed at the bottom of a transparent block of height 10 mm and
refractive index 2.72. It is immersed in a lower refractive index liquid as shown in the figure.
It is found that the light emerging from the block to the liquid forms a circular bright spot of
diameter 11.54 mm on the top of the block. The refractive index of the liquid is

(a) 1.21 (b) 1.30 (c) 1.36 (d) 1.42

13. A ball is dropped from a height of 20 m above the surface of water in a lake. The refractive
index of water is 4/3. A fish inside the lake, in the line of fall of the ball, is looking at the
ball. At an instant, when the ball is 12.8 m above the water surface, the fish sees the speed of
ball as
(a) 9 m/s (b) 12 m/s (c) 16 m/s (d) 21.33 m/s

14. A ray of light travelling in water is incident on its surface open to air. The angle of incidence
is , which is less than the critical angle. Then there will be
(a) only a reflected ray and no refracted ray
(b) only a refracted ray and no reflected ray
(c) a reflected ray, a refracted ray and the angle between them would be less than 180° − 2 
(d) a reflected ray, a refracted ray and the angle between them would be greater than
180°−2

15. A point object is placed at the centre of a glass sphere of radius 6 cm and refractive index
1.5. The distance of the virtual image from the surface of the sphere is
(a) 2 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 12 cm

16. A ray of light is incident at the glass-water interface at an angle i, it emerges finally parallel
to the surface of water, then the value of μg would be
(a) (4/3) sin i (b) 1/(sin i ) (c) 4/3 (d) 1

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 7.17

Wave optics
17. An observer can see through a pin-hole the top end of a thin rod of height h, placed as shown
in the figure. The beaker height is 3h and its radius h. When the beaker is filled with a liquid
up to a height 2h, he can see the lower end of the rod. Then the refractive index of liquid is

18. A ray of light passes through four transparent media with refractive indices μ1, μ2, μ3 and
μ4 as shown in the figure. The surfaces of all media are parallel. If the emergent ray CD is
parallel to the incident ray AB, we must have
(a) μ1= μ2 (b) μ2 = μ3 (c) μ3 = μ4 (d) μ4 = μ1

19. A rectangular glass slab ABCD of refractive index n1 is immersed in water of refractive
index n2 (n1 > n2 ). A ray of light is incident at the surface AB of the slab as shown. The
maximum value of the angle of incidence a max, such that the ray comes out only from the
other surface CD, is given by

20. A diverging beam of light from a point source S having divergence angle a falls
symmetrically on a glass slab as shown. The angles of incidence of the two extreme rays are
equal. If the thickness of the glass slab is t and its refractive index is n, then the divergence
angle of the emergent beam is
(a) zero (b) alpha

21. A ray of light from a denser medium strikes a rarer medium at an angle of incidence i (see
figure). The reflected and refracted rays make an angle of 90° with each other. The angles of
reflection and refraction are r and r’. The critical angle is

22. When a ray of light enters a glass slab from air

(a) its wavelength decreases

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Wave optics
(b) its wavelength increases
(c) its frequency increases
(d) neither its wavelength nor its frequency changes

23. One plano-convex and one plano-concave lens of same radius of curvature R but of different
materials are joined side by side as shown in the figure. If the refractive index of the material
of 1 is μ1 and that of 2 is μ2, then the focal length of the combination is

24. A thin convex lens L (refractive index = 1.5) is placed on a plane mirror M. When a pin is
placed at A, such that OA = 18 cm, its real inverted image is formed at A itself, as shown in
figure. When a liquid of refractive index μl is put between the lens and the mirror, the pin
has to be moved to A', such that OA’ = 27 cm, to get its inverted real image at A’ itself. The
value of μl will be

25. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm produces images of the same magnification 2 when an
object is kept at two distances x1 and x2 (x1> x2 ) from the lens. The ratio of x1 and x2 is
(a) 5 : 3 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 3 : 1

26. Formation of real image using a biconvex lens is shown below. If the whole set up is
immersed in water without disturbing the object and the screen positions, what will one
observe on the screen?

(a) No Change (b) Magnified image (c) Image disappears (d) Erect real image

27. A plano-convex lens (focal length f2, refractive index μ2, radius of curvature R) fits exactly
into a plano-concave lens (focal length f1, refractive index μ1, radius of curvature R). Their
plane surfaces are parallel to each other. Then, the focal length of the combination will be

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 7.19

Wave optics
28. What is the position and nature of image formed by lens combination shown in figure?
(where, f1 and f2 are focal lengths)

(a) 20/3 cm from point B at right, real (b)70 cm from point B at right, real
(c) 40 cm from point B at right, real (d) 70 cm from point B at left, virtual

29. An object is at a distance of 20 m from a convex lens of focal length 0.3 m. The lens forms
an image of the object. If the object moves away from the lens at a speed of 5 m/s, the speed
and direction of the image will be
(a) 3.22 × 10−3 m/s towards the lens
(b) 0.92 × 10−3 m/s away from the lens
(c) 2.26 × 10−3 m/s away from the lens
(d) 1.16 × 10−3 m/s towards the lens

30. Plano-convex lens of refractive indexμ1 and focal length f1 is kept in contact with another
plano-concave lens of refractive index μ2 and focal length f2. If the radius of curvature of
their spherical faces is R each and f1 = 2 f2, then μ1 and μ2 are related as
(a) 3 μ2 - 2 μ1 =1 (b) 2 μ2 - μ1 =1
(c) 2 μ1 – μ2 =1 (d) μ1 + μ2 = 3

31. A convex lens is put 10 cm from a light source and it makes a sharp image on a screen, kept
10 cm from the lens. Now, a glass block (refractive index is 1.5) of 1.5 cm thickness is
placed in contact with the light source. To get the sharp image again, the screen is shifted by
a distance d. Then, d is
(a) 0
(b) 1.1 cm away from the lens
(c) 0.55 cm away from the lens
(d) 0.55 cm towards the lens
32. A diverging lens with magnitude of focal length 25 cm is placed at a distance of 15 cm from
a converging lens of magnitude of focal length 20 cm. A beam of parallel light falls on the
diverging lens. The final image formed is
(a) virtual and at a distance of 40 cm from convergent lens
(b) real and at a distance of 40 cm from the divergent lens
(c) real and at a distance of 6 cm from the convergent lens
(d) real and at a distance of 40 cm from convergent lens

33. A small object is placed 50 cm to the left of a thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm. A
convex spherical mirror of radius of curvature 100 cm is placed to the right of the lens at a
distance of 50 cm. The mirror is tilted such that the axis of the mirror is at an angle  = 30°
to the axis of the lens, as shown in the figure If the origin of the coordinate system is taken
to be at the centre of the lens, the coordinates (in cm) of the point (x, y) at which the image
is formed are
(a) (125/3, 25/3) (b) (50 – 253, 25) (c) (0, 0) (d) (25, 25 3)

34. A thin convex lens made from crown glass (μ = 3/ 2) has focal length f. When it is measured
in two different liquids having refractive indices 4/3 and 5/3. It has the focal lengths
f1 and f2, respectively. The correct relation between the focal length is
(a) f1 = f2 < f
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Wave optics
(b) f1 f > and f2 becomes negative
(c) f2 f > and f1 becomes negative
(d) f1 and f2 both become negative

35. In Young’s double-slit experiment, if the separation between the slits is halved and the
wavelength of light is doubled, then:
(a) Fringe width will become 4 times
(b) Fringe width will become 2 times
(c) The intensity of bright fringes will decrease
(d) The fringe width will remain the same
36. The angular width of the central maximum in a single-slit diffraction pattern increases when:
(a) The slit width increases
(b) The slit width decreases
(c) The wavelength of light increases
(d) The wavelength of light decreases
37. In a diffraction experiment with a single slit, the intensity of light in the central maximum
will be larger if:
(e) The slit width is increased
(f) The wavelength is increased
(g) The distance between the slit and the screen is decreased
(h) The intensity of the incident light is increased
38. Two beams of light having intensities I 1 and I 2 interfere. The maximum and minimum
intensities are I max and I min respectively. Which of the following statements are true?
(a) I max=I 1 + I 2
(b) I min =I 1−I 2
(c) I max=¿
(d) I min =¿
39. The phenomenon of diffraction is more pronounced when:
(a) The wavelength of light is much smaller than the size of the obstacle
(b) The wavelength of light is much larger than the size of the obstacle
(c) The size of the obstacle is comparable to the wavelength of light
(d) The size of the obstacle is much larger than the wavelength of light
40. In Young’s double-slit experiment, if one of the slits is covered with a transparent sheet of
thickness t and refractive index n, the fringe pattern shifts. The shift of the central fringe is:
(a) Towards the covered slit
(b) Away from the covered slit
(c) By a distance (n - 1)t
(d) By a distance(n−1)t / λ
41. In Young’s experiment, for constructive interference to take place:
(a) The path difference between the two waves should be an integer multiple of wavelength
(b) The phase difference should be an odd multiple of π
(c) The phase difference should be an even multiple of π
(d) The two waves should have the same amplitude
42. In a diffraction pattern from a single slit, the angular width of the central maximum is found
to be 30o. The slit width is reduced. What will be the effect?
(a) The angular width of the central maximum will increase
(b) The angular width of the central maximum will decrease
(c) The intensity of the central maximum will increase
(d) The intensity of the central maximum will decrease
43. The phenomenon of interference and diffraction can be explained by the wave theory of
light. These phenomena occur because:
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Wave optics
(a) Light waves are longitudinal waves
(b) Light waves are transverse waves
(c) Light waves have the ability to superimpose
(d) Light waves exhibit wavefronts
44. In Young’s experiment, coherent sources produce a path difference of λ /2 at a point on the
screen. Then, at that point:
(a) Bright fringe is formed
(b) Dark fringe is formed
(c) Phase difference is \pi
(d) The intensity is zero
45. The resolving power of a microscope increases if:
(a) The wavelength of light used is decreased
(b) The wavelength of light used is increased
(c) The numerical aperture of the objective lens is increased
(d) The refractive index of the medium between the lens and the object is decreased
46. In a double-slit experiment, the distance between the slits and the screen is increased. Which
of the following are correct?
(a) The fringe width decreases
(b) The fringe width increases
(c) The intensity of the fringes decreases
(d) The intensity of the fringes increases
47. Polarization of light waves shows that:
(a) Light waves are longitudinal waves
(b) Light waves are transverse waves
(c) Only transverse waves can be polarized
(d) Longitudinal waves can be polarized
48. A plane light wave is incident on a polarizer with its electric field vector making an angle of
∘
45 with the transmission axis of the polarizer. The intensity of transmitted light will:
(a) Decrease
(b) Increase
(c) Become zero
(d) Become half of the incident light intensity
49. In an interference experiment, if the wavelength of light is increased, then:
(a) The fringe width increases
(b) The fringe width decreases
(c) The intensity of fringes increases
(d) The fringe pattern shifts
50. In Young’s double-slit experiment, the phase difference between the waves from the two
slits at a point on the screen is 2 π /3. The resultant intensity at that point is I . The intensity
at a point where the phase difference between the two waves is zero will be:
(a) I
(b) 4 I
(c) 2 I
(d) 9 I

Compiled by Dhiraj Ninawe