IELTS READING

THE GUIDELINE

Full name: ……………………………………………………………….

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KEYWORDS TRONG IELTS READING
1. Khái niệm
- Keywords là những từ hoặc cụm từ mang ý nghĩa chính, giúp bạn xác định được trọng tâm của
văn bản hoặc câu hỏi trong bài thi IELTS Reading.
- Khi tiếp cận một đoạn văn hoặc một câu hỏi, bạn cần chú ý đến các từ khóa này vì chúng phản
ánh chủ đề, thông tin quan trọng hoặc dữ kiện cần thiết để trả lời câu hỏi.
Identify keywords for the following paragraph
Ocean pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem across the globe. Every year,
millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the oceans, harming marine animals and threatening
entire ecosystems. Scientists warn that without urgent action, the amount of plastic in the
oceans could outweigh fish by 2050.
Question: True / False / Not Given
Some scientists predict that, unless prompt intervention occurs, the quantity of plastic debris
in the oceans could eventually exceed the total mass of marine fish.
Từ khóa được tìm thấy là những từ nào? Và học sinh cần phải lưu ý điều gì?
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2. Phân loại từ khóa
Phân loại Định nghĩa Notes
Proper Nouns
Anchor Keywords
(Từ khóa định vị)
Number
Những từ / cụm từ giúp học
Những từ khóa này được sử sinh xác định nhanh vị trí
Time
dụng để xác định vị trí của thông tin quan trọng trong
nội dung vì chúng ít khi bị văn bản.
Place
thay đổi hoặc diễn đạt bằng
lời văn khác.
Unusual / Specific nouns

Verbs
Evaluative Keywords
(Từ khóa nội dung)
Những từ / cụm từ thể hiện Adjectives
Những từ khóa này được sử đánh giá, quan điểm, mức
dụng để xác định thái độ, độ, khả năng Adverbs
quan điểm, đánh giá của tác
giả hoặc người nói.
Noun (không phổ biến)

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PRACTICE
True if the statement agrees with the information
False if the statement contradicts the information
Not Given if there is no information on this
1. Less research has been done on the Breathing Space programme’s impact on health than
on its effect on indoor pollution levels
2. The Breathing Space programme has been very successful in communities with high levels
of indoor pollution

Reducing risk
For these reasons, one multi-national foundation has committed US$ 10 million to tackle IAP
through a programme called ‘Breathing Space’, based on business and market principles. The
foundation started their work by carrying out a series of consultations with those people affected
by the problem. At the same time, they requested proposals for potentially commercialisable ways
of tackling IAP. About 140 of these were received, primarily from Non-Governmental
Organisations (NGOs), of which most addressed the IAP issue but failed to understand what the
Foundation meant by commercialisable solutions to IAP.
The next task was then to organise pilot projects with NGO partners in eight developing countries,
in order to systematically explore different market-based IAP solutions. These included the
development and sale of new types of cooking stoves that were appropriate for this market,
together with cleaner fuels, use of consumer finance on a micro-credit model, and reducing costs
through mass production.
… (There’s more)
Overall, experience to date of the impact of the various interventions carried out by Breathing
Space is mixed. While a wide range of interventions is available, access by the poor is still very
limited. In addition, most of the evaluation of these interventions has focused on changes in indoor
air pollution levels, rather than health effects.
Reductions in pollution achieved by interventions vary markedly. Generally, among poor
dependent communities where initial levels of pollution are very high, it has been difficult to
achieve extremely low levels of pollution and exposure. When interventions are taken up by only
part of a community, reductions in personal exposure will tend to be limited due to – among other
factors – exposure from other nearby homes.

Student’s notes:
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STATEMENT-TO-QUESTION APPROACH
- Khi thực hiện các câu hỏi True / False / Not Given, các câu hỏi thường được trình bày
dưới dạng câu khẳng định hoặc phủ định (Statements). Người đọc cần suy luận để hiểu
câu này là câu trả lời cho câu hỏi gì để truy ra được mục đích của câu.
Loại câu hỏi
Câu nghi vấn (Yes / No Questions) S: The project has improved indoor air
 Dùng khi Statement là một nhận định rõ ràng, quality significantly.
có thể xác định là đúng hay sai. Q: Has the project improved indoor air
quality significantly?

Yes  True
No  False
N/A  Not Given
Câu hỏi Wh- (Wh- Questions) S: The programme was implemented in five
 Dùng khi Statement chứa các yếu tố như: countries.
 Địa điểm (where) Q: In how many countries was the
 Thời gian (when) programme implemented?
 Đối tượng (who)
 Nguyên nhân (why) 5  True
 Cách thức (how) 7  False
N/A  Not Given
Choice Questions (Câu hỏi lựa chọn / so sánh) S: The evaluation prioritised health effects
 Dùng khi Statement thể hiện sự so sánh, ưu over pollution levels.
tiên, hoặc khác biệt giữa hai yếu tố. Q: Did the evaluation focus more on health
effects or on pollution levels?

Health  True
Pollution levels  False
N/A  Not Given

PRACTICE
True if the statement agrees with the information
False if the statement contradicts the information
Not Given if there is no information on this
1. Henderson rarely visited the area around Press estate when he was younger.
2. Henderson pursued a business career because it was what his family wanted.

Student’s notes:
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 Alexander Henderson (1831-1913)
Born in Scotland, Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855 and became a well-known landscape
photographer
Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant. His
grandfather, also called Alexander, had founded the family business, and later became the first
chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland.
Besides its residence in Edinburgh, it owned Press Estate, 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles
southeast of the city. The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern
edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach
near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.
Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Henderson
returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an
accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please
his family. In October 1855, however, he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson
and they settled in Montreal. Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857
and quickly took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the
Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion
to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source
of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding
members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association’s
first meeting, which was held in Notman’s studio on 11 January 1860.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF MATCHING
- Phân loại các nhóm câu hỏi Matching (Không có trình tự)

Dạng bài Định nghĩa

Matching headings Headings là gì?
- Thường tóm tắt ý chính của đoạn (Main idea)
- Có thể phản ảnh một chi tiết nổi bật / đặc trưng trong đoạn, đặc biệt
khi chi tiết đó thể hiện mục đích, hoặc thông điệp chính mà đoạn
đang truyền đạt. Heading có thể là một chi tiết nếu:
 Chi tiết đó chiếm vai trò trung tâm (Đoạn xoay quanh 1 ví dụ)
 Chi tiết đó minh họa rõ nét cho luận điểm của tác giả
 Toàn bộ đoạn tập trung triển khai chi tiết đó

Matching information Information là gì?

- Là chi tiết cụ thể nằm rải rác trong bài đọc.
- Học sinh cần xác định đoạn nào chưa thông tin được nêu.
- Mỗi đoạn có thể chứa nhiều thông tin (hoặc không có)
 Mention of: Nhắc đến / nói thoáng qua (không phân tích sâu)
 Reference to: Sự liên kết hoặc nhắc lại sự việc (G/t hoặc T/t)
 Description of: Mô tả chi tiết về một đối tượng / quá trình
 Explanation of: Giải thích nguyên nhân, cơ chế, lý do
 Example of: Ví dụ để minh họa cho khái niệm / quan điểm

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 Matching features Features là gì?
- Là đặc điểm, quan điểm, hành động, phát minh hoặc bất kỳ thông
tin nào được gắn với một nhóm người / nhân vật / tổ chức cụ thể.
 Numbers: Câu hỏi (Là các features)
 Options: Câu trả lời (A, B, C, …)

CHIẾN LƯỢC LÀM BÀI:

- Khi bài đọc (Reading Passage) có nhóm câu hỏi Matching, học sinh nên:
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EXAMPLE 1: IELTS 18 – TEST 3 – PASSAGE 2
The Steam Car
The successes and failures of the Doble brothers and their steam car
List of Headings:
i A period in cold conditions before the technology is assessed
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ii Marketing issues lead to failure
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iii Good and bad aspects of steam technology are passed on
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iv A possible solution to the issues of today
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v Further improvements lead to commercial orders
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vi Positive publicity at last for this quiet, clean, fast vehicle
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vii A disappointing outcome for customers
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viii A better option than the steam car arises
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Summary Completion: The Model E
The Model E was road-tested in 1924 by the Automobile Club of America. They found it easy to
drive, despite its weight, and it impressed the spectators. A later version of the Model E raised its
24.______________ , while keeping its emissions extremely low. The steam car was too expensive
for many people and its design was constantly being altered. Under 25______________. cars were
produced before the company went out of business. However, even today, there are Model Es on
the road in the US. They are straightforward to maintain, and they satisfy California’s 26.
______________ emissions laws. Perhaps today’s technology and materials would help us revive
the steam car.

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EXAMPLE 2: CAMBRIDGE 20 – TEST 2 – PASSAGE 2
Procrastination

Information to match:

14. mention of false assumptions about why people procrastinate

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15. reference to the realisation that others also procrastinate

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16. neurological evidence of a link between procrastination and emotion

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Summary Completion: What makes us procrastinate?

Many people think that procrastination is the result of 17___________. Others believe it to be the
result of an inability to organise time efficiently. But scientific studies suggest that procrastination
is actually due to poor mood management. The tasks we are most likely to put off are those that
could damage our self-esteem or cause us to feel 18___________ when we think about them.

Research comparing chronic procrastinators with other people even found differences in the brain
regions associated with regulating emotions and identifying 19___________. Emotionally loaded
and difficult tasks often cause us to procrastinate. Getting ready to take 20___________ might be
a typical example of one such task. People who are likely to procrastinate tend to be
either 21___________ those with low self-esteem.

Procrastination is only a short-term measure for managing emotions. It’s often followed by a
feeling of 22___________, which worsens our mood and leads to more procrastination.

Reading Strategies:

1. Question Grouping Strategy

2. Anchor Points – Đoạn văn chứa thông tin rõ ràng
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