T.

ELIZA LUTFI Reported Speech And Passive

Passive Voice
- In passive sentences, the subject of the sentence has something done to it, or is affected by
the action of the verb. The opposite is an active sentence, where the subject of the sentence
performs the action. Passive sentences do not have to mention who or what is performing the
action (the agent). If they do, the agent is introduced with (by).
Tense Active Passive
Present S. + V1 + O. O. + is / am / are + V3
Simple
Present S. + is / am / are + V-ing + O. O. + is / am / are + being
Continuou +
s V3
Present S. + has/ have + V3 + O. O. + has/ have + been +
Perfect V3
Past Simple S. + V2 + O. O. + was / were + V3
S. + was / were + V-ing + O. O. + was / were + being +
Past V3
Continuous
Past Perfect S. + had + V3 + O. O. + had + been + V3
1. S. + must, had to, will , 1. O. + Modal ) must, …(
would, shall, should, +
can, could + base form + be + V.3
Modal
O.
Verbs
2. S. + must, might, … 2. O. + must, might, … +
+ have + V.3 + O. have + been + V.3

Examples:
1. The boy must do the homework. ► Active
The homework must be done (by the boy). ► Passive

2. The government should solve the problem of unemployment. ► Active

The problem of unemployment should be solved (by the government). ► Passive

3. They might have saved some of the historical sites. ► Active

Some of the historical sites might have been saved (by them). ► Passive

4. My friends have visited the library. ► Active

The library has been visited (by my friends). ► Passive
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5. The children are cleaning the room. ► Active

The room is being cleaned (by the children). ► Passive

6. Mr. Salem will complete the project before the deadline. ► Active
The project will be completed before the deadline. ► Passive

7. I can’t come tomorrow. A company will be interviewing me for a job. ► Active

I can’t come tomorrow. I will be being interviewed for a job. ► Passive

8. By 2025 CE, the government will have changed our public transport system. ► Active
By 2025 CE, our public transport system will have been changed. ► Passive

9. The author is editing the manuscript of the new book. ► Active

The manuscript of the new book is being edited by the author. ► Passive

10. Many young people eat junk food these days. ► Active
Junk food is eaten these days by many young people. ► Passive

Exercise :

Rewrite the following sentences / questions using the passive voice.

1- The candidates must do some practice.

Some practice ……………………………………………………………….......................……
2- The government must have considered the issue.
The issue ………………………………………………………………........................…………
3- The specialists should test all vehicles.
All vehicles ………………………………………………………….......................……………
4- The professor has divided the students into groups.
The students……………………………….....................………………………………...........
5- Nobody had finished the task.
The task………………………………………………….......................………………..……….

6- Muna was writing some articles for the newspaper.

Some articles…………………………………………………......................……………….…..
7- I will visit my uncle tomorrow.
My uncle ………………………………………………………........................…………….……
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8- He has to have enough money to buy that book.
Enough money …………………………………………………........................…………..……
9- Sana' could drive the car skillfully.
The car ……………………………………………………………........................……..………..
10- I may delete your messages from my phone.
Your messages…………………………………………………….........................………………
11- She gave me some books.
I ………………………………………………………………............................…………………..
12- People should read different types of books.
Different types of books ……………………………………………….........................……….....
13- Everyone must learn another language.
Another language ……………………………………………............................…………………...
14- A doctor is going to examine you in the medical centre.
You ………………………………………………………………...............................………………
15- The man cleaned my car.
My car_____________________________________________________.
16- Criminals have used computer with internet connection more safely .
Computer with internet connection_______________________________.
17- The guards see somebody running garden.
Somebody____________________________________________________.
18- The children are going to read a very important book.
A very important book_______________________________________.
19- Rami has already done some experiments in the lab.
Some experiments____________________________________________.
20- The Gardener usually water is the flower.
The flowers_________________________________________________.
21- Parents give their children everything they want.
Children____________________________________________________.
22- The fire damaged many buildings in the city center.
Many buildings______________________________________________.
23- Farmers don't grow rice in Jordan.
Rice________________________________________________________.
24- The police fined the drive for feeding.
The driver___________________________________________________.
25- Somebody has found my missing laptop.
My missing laptop____________________________________________.
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Choose the correct answer .

1. Farmers have seen smoke coming out forest.
Smoke_______________ coming out of the forest.
a. Is seem b. Have been seen c. Has been seen

2. My parents saved enough money to fund our university courses.

Enough money____________ to fund our University courses.
a. Are saved b. Were saved c. was saved

3. In the past, most letters were written by hand, but these days they_________
usually______.
a. Are/ being typed b. are/ typed c. Were/ typed d. Have/ been typed

4. I'm afraid that my laptop__________ by someone else yesterday.

a. Were used b. Was used c. Is used d. Has been used

5. Many gallons of a fresh milk______________ everyday by children all over the world.
a. Is drunk b. Were drunk c. Has been drunk d. Are drunk

6. The ruins____________ by thousands of before 3 years.

a. Have been visited b. Are visited c. Were visited

7. The mother has to prepare the needed things shortly.

The needed things_______ shorty.
a. Prepared b. Has to be prepared c. Have to be prepared d. Had to be prepared

8. Three of my article________ last month in local newspaper.

a. Have been published b. Will be published c. Were published

9. Last month, many students_____________ as members of the English Club.

a. Are elected b. Were elected c. Has been elected

10. The department of culture and arts, which_______________ in 1970CE.

a. Was founded b. Were founded c. Hadn't been given

11. People mustn't give their children everything they want.

Children______________ everything they want.
a. Must be given b. Mustn't be given c. Hadn't been given

12. Many new schools_____________ in my town last year.

a. Was built b. were built c. have been built

13. I'm afraid that my laptop_______________ by someone else yesterday.

a. Was used b. Is used c. Are used d. Has been used
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14. Emails___________ now__________ to all companies by the secretary.
a. Were sent b. Have/ been sent c. Are /being sent

: ‫أسئلة وزارية سابقة‬

1. People saw smoke coming out of the forest. ► 2011
Smoke ........................................................................................................................................
2. The government must save the historical sites. ► 2011
The historical sites .....................................................................................................................
3. The farmer must water the plants in order to grow. ► 2012
The plants ....................................................................................................................................
4. Hatem should send the car to the garage. ► 2012
The car ......................................................................................................................................
5. The patient must take the medicine on time. ► 2013
The medicine ..............................................................................................................................
6. Samer must fill in the job application form. ► 2013
The job application form......................................................................................by Samer.
7. Everyone must save the natural resources. ► 2014

The natural resources .................................................................................................................

8. Children mustn’t leave bicycles in the driveway. ► 2014

Bicycles .......................................................................................................................................

9. Different goods among countries can be ............................. by traders. (transport) ► 2014

10. Jordan imports 96 % of its energy from the neighboring Arab countries. ► 2015

96 % of Jordan’s energy ............................................................................................................

11. According to our teacher’s instructions all of our compositions..............................in ink. He

won’t accept papers written in pencil. (Write) ► 2015

12. A new vocational school has ................................ recently in my area. (build) ► 2016

13. Our final science project has .....………………………. as the best project.( be , choose )

► 2017
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►

Reported Speech
● Reported (Indirect) speech includes reported statements and reported
questions (Wh questions ; Yes / No questions).

Direct Speech Reported Speech

Simple present ( v1 ) Simple past ( v2 )

Present continuous Past continuous

( is/ am / are + v-ing ) ( was / were + v – ing )

Simple past ( v2 ) Past perfect ( had + v3 )

Present perfect ( have / has + v3 ) Past perfect ( had + v3 )

Past perfect ( had + v3 ) Past perfect ( had + v3 )

Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

( have / has + been +v-ing ) ( had + been + v-ing )

Past perfect continuous

Past continuous ( was / were + v-ing )
( had + been + v-ing )

Past modals
Modals
( will / can / shall / may / must / have ( would / could / should /
to) might / had to )

No. Direct speech Indirect speech

[Link] LUTFI Reported Speech And Passive
1 now then
2 at this moment at that moment
3 today that day
4 yesterday the day before / the previous day
5 last (week) the (week) before / the previous (week)
6 tomorrow the following day / the day after
7 next (week) the following (week)/ the week after
8 here there
9 this that
10 these those
11 ago before
12 tonight that night

Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Possessive

I → he / she me → him / her my → his / her
you → he / she / I / You → him / her / your → his / her /
they / we me/ them / us my/ their/ our
we → they us → them our → their
Mine →his / hers
Ours →theirs
Yours →his / hers /
theirs / mine / ours

Examples:

1. " My brothers spend every day of their lives together.”

 He said (that) his brothers spent every day of their lives together.
2. “ I’ve lost my bag.”
 She said (that) she had lost her bag.
3. “ I’ll meet my brother here tomorrow.”
He said he would meet his brother there the following day.

4. " These careless young people don't respect the old," Ali said.
 Ali said that those careless young people didn't respect the old.
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5. She said, " We were thinking of selling our house. "
She said that they had been thinking of selling their house.
6. " The group would visit Petra, " the guide claimed.
 The guide claimed that the group would have visited Petra.

Exercise:

1. “Samya visited my uncle yesterday.”

Mum said that
2. “We’re playing football now.”
He said that
3. “I may do an experiment tonight.”
Susan said that
4. “I’ve been repairing my car.”
I said that
5. “I received a message from an old friend last night.”
She told me that
6. “I didn’t commit this crime.”
The accused man denied

7. “The play had started when I arrived.”

Ali said that
8. “I’d already been living in London for five years.”
Muna told Rasha that

9. " She could submit the proposal on time, " he said.

_______________________________________________________________

10. " I shall be 28 on Monday, " Laila said.

_______________________________________________________________

11. " I've been waiting for ages, " he said.

_______________________________________________________________

12. " I am the richest man in the town. "

The old man boasted

13. " We should go to the theatre. "

She suggested
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14. " There is a fly in my cup of tea. "
She complained
15. " I killed five rats last week. "
The kid claimed
16. " Schools provide children with basic education " 2018
Safwan said
17. "I hardly ever go out these days."
She said __________________________________________________________________
18. "We don't play tennis at school."
The students claimed __________________________________________________
19. "The girls did all the homework last night."
The mother said_______________________________________________________
20. "The children did not take their dolls."
I said _______________________________________________________________
21. "I am thinking of going to live in Canada."
Samya said __________________________________________________________
22. "I was cleaning my car when she saw me."
Ahmad said ________________________________________________
23. "You have been living here for three years."
Our neighbor told me __________________________________________________
24. Maha had waited for me opposite the post office"
Sami said____________________________________________________________
25. "Your father had his breakfast in his room yesterday."
Muna told Ahmad ____________________________________________________
26. "All the girls will meet tomorrow to prepare for the play."
The teacher announced _______________________________________________
27. I have some questions for you, Badria.
Nora told Badria ____________________________________________
28. I've lived in Amman for six years.
Sami said __________________________________________________
29. Yesterday I bought all the ingredients for a chocolate cake.
Huda told me _______________________________________________
30. I really enjoyed the book that I finished this morning.
Tareq said _________________________________________________
31. My favourite subject this year is Chemistry.
Hussein told me _____________________________________________

Write the sentences from the recording in reported speech.

 [Link] LUTFI Reported Speech And Passive
1. Many computers have filters which stop people seeing certain websites.
He said that
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2. If they share information on social media with their friends, it might be accessed by
other people, too.
He said that
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3. On social media, you should only connect to people you know well.
He said that
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4. We will give you, our dear listeners, information about websites where you can find
more advice on Internet safety.
5. He said
that---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------