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Sdisaster Management Notes

Disaster

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10 views20 pages

Sdisaster Management Notes

Disaster

Uploaded by

star38633
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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—__ Disaster Management UNITI ‘A disaster i serous problem occuring over a short or long petiod of ime that causes widespread human, materia, ‘Economic or environmental lass which exceeds the ability ofthe ected community or society to cope using its own resources lid! Disasters are routinely divided into either "natural sisasier” eased by natura hazards or "human-istgated disasters” caused from anthropogenic hazards. However, in ‘moder times, the divide between natural, human-made snd Ibuman-acclerated disasters is dificult to draw SESE ‘Examples of natural hazards include avalanches, flooding, cold namis, volcanic activin, wildfires, and winter ‘iscinfation © Examples of anthropogenic hazards ‘include criminality. civil disorder, terrorism, war, industrial ‘hazards, engineering hazards, power outages, fire, hazards ‘caused by transportation, and environmental hazards. ‘Developing couse suffer the greatest costs when a disaster ‘nis ~more than 95% ofall deat caused by bazar occur in developing countries, and losses due to natal hazards ar 20, times greater (as a percentage of gross domestic product) in. developing countries than in industrialized countrie Disasters are routinely divided ino natural or human-made, However, in moder times, the divide between natal, man- ‘made and man-accelerted disaster is quite dificult (9 aeow aL Complex disasters, where there sno single oot eause, are more common in developing counties A specific disaster ia spawn secondary disaster hat increases the impac. A classic example is an carthquake that causes a tsunami, resulting in coastal ‘flooding, resulting in damage to « nuclear power plant (such as ‘the Fukushima puclear disaster). Some manufactured disasters have been wrongly ascribed to nature such as smog and acid tain Some researchers also differentiate between recurring events, such as seasonal flooding, and those considered unpredictable [Natural disasters (caused by natural hazards) ‘A natural disaster is "the negative impact following an actual ‘occurrence of natural hazard inthe event that it significantly harms a community"! A natural disaster ean cause loss of life or damage property, and typically leaves some economic ‘damage in its wake. The severity ofthe damage depends on the fected population's resilience and on the infrastructure availabe.) Examples of natural hazards include: avalanche, coastal flooding, cold ‘wave, drought, earthquake, bail, heat wave, hurricane (tropical cyclone), ice storm, landslide, lightning, riverine flooding, strong wind, tomado, typhoon, tsunami, voleanic activity, wildfire, winter weather In modern times, the divide between natural, man-made and. ‘man-accelerated disasters is quit difficult to draw.07051") Human choices and activities ike architecture, fire, resource management or even climate change potentially play a role in causing "natural disasters”. In fact, the term "natural disaster’ has been called a misnomer already in 1976.5 4 disaster is a result of a natural or man- made hazard impacting a vulnerable community. Iti the combination of the hazard along with exposure of a vulnerable society that results in a disaster. [Natural disasters can be aggravated by inadequate building norms, marginalization of people, inequities, overexploitation of resources, extreme urban sprawl and climate change." The rapid growth ofthe world's population and its increased concentration offen in hazardous environments has escalated both the frequency and teverity of dicasters. With the tropical

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