IBRAIN

BUILDS YOUR CONFIDIENCE

Test / Exam Name: Ch 3 Standard: 12th Science Subject: Biology

Student Name: Section: Roll No.:
Questions: 328 Time: 03:00 hh:mm Marks: 475

Q1. Intense lactation in mothers acts as a natural contraceptive due to the: 1 Mark
A Suppression of gonadotropins. B Hypersecretion of gonadotropins.
C Suppression of gametic transport. D Suppression of fertilisation.
Ans: A Suppression of gonadotropins.
Q2. Intensely lactating mothers do not generally conceive due to the: 1 Mark
A Suppression of gonadotropins. B Hyper secretion of gonadotropins.
C Suppression of gametic transport. D Suppression of fertilisation.
Ans: A Suppression of gonadotropins.
Q3. Cryptochoridism is a condition in which: 1 Mark
A Blockage of vasa deferentia takes place. B Blockage of vasa efferentia takes place.
C Testes are unable to descend in scrotal sacs so that sperms D Erection of penis does not take place.
are not produced.
Ans: C Testes are unable to descend in scrotal sacs so that sperms are not produced.
Explanation:
Cryptorchidism, in simple words, is the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum.
Q4. Donor semen is introduced into uterus through: 1 Mark
A Intravaginal insemination. B Intrauterine insemination.
C Gamete intrafallopian transfer. D Intraeytoplasmic sperm injection.
Ans: B Intrauterine insemination.
Explanation:
Artificial insemination is a technique to treat infertility. It is also called as intrauterine insemination (IUI), in which sperms are
directly introduced into uterus.
The donor sperms are used only if the male partner is sterile, has extremely low sperm count or is affected by a genetic disease.
Q5. The Test-tube baby techniques uses one of the following. 1 Mark
A Intra uterine insemination (lUI) B ygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT)
C Micro sperm injection D Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GlFT)
Ans: B ygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT)
Explanation:
Childless couples could be assisted to have children through assisted reproductive structure through certain special techniques
commonly known as assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
In vitro fertilisation, (fertilisation outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body followed by embryo transfer)
is one of such methods.
In this method, popularly known as test tube baby programme, ova from the wife/donor (female) and sperms from the
husband/donor (male) are collected and are induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory.
The zygote or early embryos (with upto 8 blastomeres) could then be transferred into the fallopian tube (ZIFT zygote intra
fallopian transfer) and embryos with more than 8 blastomeres, into the uterus (intrauterine transfer), to complete its further
development.
Embryos formed by in vivo fertilisation (fusion of gametes within the female) also could be used for such transfer to assist those
females who cannot conceive.
Q6. Most common type of sexual dysfunction in man is: 1 Mark
A Erectile dysfunction B Premature ejaculation C Psychogenic disturbance D Retrograde ejaculation
Ans: A Erectile dysfunction
Explanation:
Erectile dysfunction is one of the most common type of sexual dysfunction found in males.
It occurs when a man can't get or keep an erection firm enough during sexual intercourse.
 Common causes include medical conditions like Heart disease, Clogged blood vessels (atherosclerosis).
Although it can sometimes occur because of stress and workload.
In most cases, it can be solved via medications.
Q7. In which technology sperm is directly injected into the ovum? 1 Mark
A IUT B ICSI C ZIFT D GIFT
Ans: B ICSI
Explanation:
ICSI or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection is an assisted reproductive technology. It is used in the case of sperm-related
reproductive issues.
The sperm is obtained from a male and injected into a mature egg and the fertilized egg is placed in a woman's fallopian tube or
uterus.
Q8. The most important component of the oral contraceptive pills is _____. 1 Mark
A Progesterone B Growth hormone C Thyroxine D Luteinizing hormone
Ans: A Progesterone
Explanation:
Oral contraceptive pills are used to prevent pregnancy.
Estrogen and progesterone are two female sex hormones and combination of these prevent ovulation.
Oral contraceptive pills are of two kinds (i) combined pill (ii) progesterone pill.
Combined pill is made up of 200 mg of synthetic oestrogen and 10 mg of progesterone. Progesterone pill is called mini-pill made
up of only progesterone
Q9. What are the benefits of using mechanical barriers during sexual act? 1 Mark
A Prevention of infection B Contraception C Both A and B D Gamete production
Ans: C Both A and B
Explanation:
Various barrier methods are used during sexual act for two reasons:
These are some examples of the mechanical barriers: - male condom, female condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, etc.
Q10. Which Artificial Reproductive Technique can help a lady conceive a child if both her fallopian tubes are blocked? 1 Mark
A GIFT. B ZIFT. C IVF. D None of these.
Ans: C IVF.
Q11. Human population growth in India. 1 Mark
A Tends to follow a sigmoid curve as in case of many other B Tends to reach zero population growth as in case of some
animal species. animal species.
C Can be reduced by permitting natural calamities and D Can be regulated by following the National programme of
enforcing birth control measures. family planning.
Ans: D Can be regulated by following the National programme of family planning.
Q12. In breast feeding women, which of the following can be regarded as the best hormonal contraception method? 1 Mark
A Sequential pill B Biphasic pills C Both A and B D None of the above
Ans: D None of the above
Explanation:
Lactational amenorrhea or (absence of menstruation) method of contraception is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore
the menstrual cycle do not occur during the period of intense lactation following parturition.
Therefore, as long as the mother breastfeeds the child fully, chances of conception are almost nil.
However, this method has been reported to be effective only up to a maximum period of six months following parturition.
As no medicines or devices are used in these methods, side effects are almost nil.
Chances of failure, though, of this method are also high.
Q13. Two opposite forces operate in the growth and development of every population. One of them is related to the ability to 1 Mark
reproduce at a given rate. The force opposing to it is called:
A Biotic control. B Mortality.
C Fecundity. D Environmental resistance.
Ans: D Environmental resistance.
Q14. Cryosurgery is done using: 1 Mark
A Liquid Hydrogen B Liquid Sodium C Liquid Ammonia D Liquid Nitrogen
Ans:
 D Liquid Nitrogen
Explanation:
Cryosurgery is a medical technique which uses cold temperature for the surgical process.
Due to the extreme cold temperature with the liquid nitrogen, the abnormal tissues are destroyed.
This treatment is used to destroy the tumour cells and lesions.
Q15. Sexually transmitted disease caused by parasite is: 1 Mark
A Trichomoniasis B Filariasis C Scabies D Enterobiasis
Ans: A Trichomoniasis
Explanation:
Trichomoniasis is a commonly occurring sexually transmitted disease caused by a parasite.
It causes different symptoms in the affected men & women.
Q16. The technique which makes use of amniotic fluid for the detection of prenatal disorder is called as: 1 Mark
A Leproscopy. B Amniocentesis. C Endoscopy. D Ultrasound.
Ans: B Amniocentesis.
Q17. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Periodic abstinence is a natural method where couples abstain from coitus.
Reason: Coitus from day 5-lO should be avoided because this is the time of ovulation.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Explanation:
Periodic abstinence is a natural method of birth control in which the couples avoid or abstain from coitus (copulation or
intercourse) from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle because ovulation can occur during this period. The chances of fertilisation
are very high during this period, therefore, it is called the fertile period.
Q18. Consider the statements given below regarding contraception and answer as directed thereafter. 1 Mark
A Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) during first B Generally chances of conception are nil until mother
trimester is generally safe. breast-feeds the infant upto two year.
C Intrauterine devices like copper-T are effective D Contraception pills may be taken upto one week after
contraceptives. coitus to prevent conception.
Ans: C Intrauterine devices like copper-T are effective contraceptives.
Q19. Which of the following can be considered as cause for infertility in males? 1 Mark
A Low sperm motility B Abnormal sperm structure
C Less sperm count D All of the above
Ans: D All of the above
Explanation:
Male infertility is usually caused by problems that affect either sperm production or sperm transport.
Low sperm motility, abnormal sperm structure, less sperm count are considered as infertility issues in males.
Q20. Progestasert and LNG-20 are. 1 Mark
A Implants. B Copper releasing IUDs. C Non-medicated IUDs. D Hormone releasing IUDs.
Ans: D Hormone releasing IUDs.
Q21. ZIFT is transfer of: 1 Mark
A Zygote into fallopian tube. B A mixture of sperms and ova into the fallopian tube.
C A mixture of sperms and ova into the uterus. D Embryo into the uterus.
Ans: A Zygote into fallopian tube.
Q22. Probability of four sons to a couple is. 1 Mark
A 1/4. B 1/8. C 1/16. D 1/32.
Ans: C 1/16.
Q23. Population explosion in India is due to: 1 Mark
A Climate B Increased death rate C Lack of education D All of the above
Ans:
 C Lack of education
Explanation:
Impoverished families have this notion that the more the number of members in the family, the more will be the numbers to
earn income.
Some feel that more children are needed to look after them in their old age.
Nowadays we are getting better medical facilities which result in decreased death rate.
Indians still lag behind in the use of contraceptives and birth control methods.
Many of them are not willing to discuss or are totally unaware of them.
Illiteracy is thus another cause of overpopulation.
Q24. Which of the following process is required before MTP? 1 Mark
A Amniocentesis B Tubectomy C Ultrasound D None of the above
Ans: C Ultrasound
Explanation:
Ultrasound is produced and detected using an ultrasound transducer.
Ultrasound transducers are capable of sending an ultrasound and then the same transducer can detect the sound and convert it
to an electrical signal to be diagnosed.
This technique helps to scan the image of the foetus in the uterus.
This is performed before the MTP in order to check the position of the foetus and development of the foetus.
Q25. Number of births per thousand people in the population is expressed as: 1 Mark
A Growth rate B Crude birth rate C Conception rate D Reproduction rate
Ans: B Crude birth rate
Explanation:
Crude birth rate is the number of births per 1000 persons in the middle of a given year i.e. on July.
Q26. What is the meaning of infertility? 1 Mark
A Unable to produce sperms B Unable to produce ova
C Unable to produce children D Unable for coitus
Ans: C Unable to produce children
Explanation:
According to the National Health care and excellence institute of India, infertility refers to a couple in the reproductive group,
who after a regular trying of more than two years of unprotected sex are unable to conceive.
Q27. RCH stands for. 1 Mark
A Routine Check-up of Health. B Reproduction Cum Hygiene.
C Reversible Contraceptive Hazards. D Reproductive and Child Health Care.
Ans: D Reproductive and Child Health Care.
Q28. Voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called: 1 Mark
A MTP B STD C RCH D IUCD
Ans: A MTP
Explanation:
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is the process of termination of pregnancy voluntarily before the full term of pregnancy
is completed.
It is also known as induced abortion.
MTP is considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Q29. A national level approach to build up a reproductively healthy society was taken up in our country in. 1 Mark
A 1950s. B 1960s. C 1980s. D 1990s.
Ans: A 1950s.
Q30. Which one of the following is not the function of placenta? 1 Mark
A Secretes oxytocin during parturition. B Facilitates removal of carbon dioxide and waste material
from embryo.
C Secretes estrogen. D None of these.
Ans: A Secretes oxytocin during parturition.
Q31. Amniocentesis is a process to 1 Mark
A Determine any disease in heart. B Determine any hereditary disease in the embryo.
C Know about the disease of brain. D All of the above.
Ans: B Determine any hereditary disease in the embryo.
Q32. Diaphragms are the contraceptive devices used by females. Choose the correct option about them. 1 Mark
A They are reusable. B They block the entry of sperms.
C They are placed to cover the cervix. D All of these.
Ans: D All of these.
Q33. The technique called gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) is recommended for those females: 1 Mark
A Who cannot produce an ovum. B Who cannot retain the foetus inside uterus.
C Whose cervical canal is too narrow to allow passage for the D Who cannot provide suitable environment for fertilisation.
sperms.
Ans: A Who cannot produce an ovum.
Explanation:
GIFT is an assisted reproductive technology (ART).
It involves, transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube (GIFT gamete intra fallopian transfer) of another
female, who cannot produce one, but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development of embryo.
Q34. Which is not a cause of male infertility? 1 Mark
A Motile sperms B Oligospermia C Teratozoospermia D Asthenozoospermia
Ans: A Motile sperms
Explanation:
The main causes of male infertility are sperm disorders such as oligospermisa (less sperm count), azoospermia (absence of
sperms) and tetrazoospermia.
Whereas the motile well developed sperms help in fertilisation of ovum.
Q35. MTP is also known as: 1 Mark
A Miscarriage B Sponatneous abortion C Induced abortion D None of the above
Ans: C Induced abortion
Explanation:
MTP refers to Medical termination of pregnancy.
This is the process which is used to terminate the pregnancy.
This is called as induced abortion.
There are medicines taken or the surgical form of abortion is performed to terminate the pregnancy.
This is legal method for the termination of the conception. MTP is considered safe till 21st week in India.
Q36. Copper-T is a device that prevents: 1 Mark
A Fertilisation B Implantation of blastocyst
C Egg maturation D Ovulation
Ans: A Fertilisation
Explanation:
Copper T is a copper-based intrauterine device (IUD), which is T shaped and have a spermicidal effect.
This device is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Its T shape fits in the uterus conveniently.
It releases copper ions that prevent pregnancy by inhibiting the movement of sperm.
It is because the copper ion containing fluid is toxic to sperm. Thus, fertilisation is also prevented.
Q37. Which one is a sex-related disease? 1 Mark
A Christmas disease B Klinefelter's syndrome C Phenylketonuria D Albinism
Ans: A Christmas disease
Explanation:
In haemophilia, the blood does not clot as it should. Haemophilia is normally an inherited disorder.
It happens because of a defect in one of the clotting factor genes on the X chromosome.
Haemophilia tends to occur in males since the gene can be passed from mother to son.
Males typically lack a second X chromosome so they are unable to make up for the defective gene.
Most females have XX sex chromosomes while most males have XY sex chromosomes.
Haemophilia B, also known as "Christmas disease," occurs when a person lacks clotting factor IX.
Q38. Medical Termination of pregnancy (MTP) is considered safe up to how many weeks of pregnancy: 1 Mark
A Six weeks B Eight weeks C Twelve weeks D Eighteen weeks
Ans: C Twelve weeks
Q39. Foetal sex can be determined by examining cells from amniotic fluid looking for: 1 Mark
 A Autosomes B Chiasmata C Sex chromosomes D Kinetochores
Ans: C Sex chromosomes
Explanation:
Foetal sex can be determined by examining barr bodies.
Presence of barr bodies is an indication of X chromosome. Barr bodies are present in females only.
Q40. Artificial insemination means the: 1 Mark
A Transfer of sperms of the husband to a test tube containing B Artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the
ova. vagina.
C Introduction of sperms of a healthy donor directly into the D Transfer of sperms of healthy donor to a test tube
ovary. containing ova.
Ans: A Transfer of sperms of the husband to a test tube containing ova.
Explanation:
Artificial insemination is a technique in which semen is artificially introduced to the female vagina.
ART refers to "Assisted Reproductive Techniques" and it includes various techniques to solve infertility issues.
It includes GIFT, ZIFT, AI, ICSI, etc.
This technique is taken into account in case of male infertility, i.e, low sperm count or low sperm motility.
The normal sperm count must be 15 - 259 million/ml of semen and that of sperm motility must be 40 - 81%.
Hence, artificial insemination means the "artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the vagina".
Q41. The confirmatory test for sexually transmitted disease is: 1 Mark
A WIDAL B TST C ELISA D Cytotoxic test
Ans: C ELISA
Explanation:
The most common type of STD in the world is AIDS, which is spread by HIV virus.
It can be detected by ELISA test. It detects and measures the antibodies in the blood.
Q42. The method through which childless couples can be assisted to bear children is called: 1 Mark
A MTP B IUD C ART D Tubectomy
Ans: C ART
Explanation:
MTP: Medical Termination of Pregnancy.
IUD: Intra-Uterine Devices
Tubectomy is a surgical process that blocks the fallopian tubes in females.
IUDs and tubectomy are contraceptive methods for females.
ART : Assisted Reproduction Treatment.
The childless couples could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques which are commonly known as
assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
The important examples of ART include In vitro fertilization or IVF, Embryo transfer or ET, ZIFT or zygote intrafallopian
transfer, GIFT or gamete intrafallopian transfer, artificial insemination AI, intrauterine insemination, or IUI.
Q43. Geometric representation of age structure is a characteristic of. 1 Mark
A Biotic community. B Population. C Landscap. D Ecosystem.
Ans: B Population.
Q44. The common symptoms of sexually transmitted disease are: 1 Mark
A Fluid discharge B Swelling and slight pain
C Both A and B D Headache
Ans: C Both A and B
Explanation:
The most common type of STD's are chlamydia, herpes & gonorrhea.
The early symptoms in each one of these are swelling near the genitals & fluid discharge from the reproductive organs.
Q45. Which structure is cut and tied off in a vasectomy? 1 Mark
A Penis B Epididymis C Urethra D Vas deferens
Ans: D Vas deferens
Explanation:
Vasectomy is a permanent method to avoid pregnancy.
 In vasectomy, the vas deferens, the duct, which carries sperms from scrotal sacs into the abdominal cavity (and connect testes
with the urethra) is cut or tied securely.
Q46. The most common sexually transmitted disease is: 1 Mark
A HIV B HPV C Herpes D Tricomoniasis
Ans: D Tricomoniasis
Explanation:
Tricomoniasis is one of the most common type of sexually transmitted disease, caused by a parasite. While HIV, HPV & Herpes
can be spread by causes other than unprotected sex with infected person.
Q47. Which of the following is traditional method of contraception? 1 Mark
A Implantation. B Lactational amenorrhoea.
C Condoms. D Sterilization.
Ans: A Implantation.
Q48. Which of the following cannot be considered as assisted reproductive technology? 1 Mark
A In vitro fertilization. B Medical termination of pregnancy.
C Gamete intrafallopian transfer. D Intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
Ans: B Medical termination of pregnancy.
Explanation:
A number of special ART techniques which assist infertile couples to have children. Some prominent techniques are:
Medical termination of pregnancy(MTP) is a birth control technique which is a induced abortion.
Q49. Disadvantages of large family include: 1 Mark
A Economic burden B Lack of education C Both A and B D Agriculture production
Ans: C Both A and B
Q50. _____________ is the second largest populated country. 1 Mark
A India B China C USA D Pakistan
Ans: A India
Explanation:
India is the second largest populated country.
According to 2017 data, India has population of about 133.92 crores.
India becomes the second most populated country after China.
Q51. Sexually transmitted disease caused by protozoa is: 1 Mark
A Candidiasis B Chlamydiasis C Giardiasis D Genital wrats
Ans: C Giardiasis
Explanation:
Candidiasis is a fungal infection typically on skin or mucous membranes caused by candida.
While, Chlamydiasis is a common STD spread by bacteria.
Giardiasis is an infection that is caused by a parasite, Giardia lambia.
On the other hand, genital warts are small bumps on the genitals caused by a common sexually transmitted infection.
Q52. The diaphragm, cervical cap and vaults are. 1 Mark
A Disposable contraceptive devices. B Reusable contraceptives.
C Non-medicated IUDs. D Cu-releasing IUDs.
Ans: B Reusable contraceptives.
Q53. Which one is correct for mammalian testis. 1 Mark
A Sertoli cells, seminiferous tubules, Leydig's cells. B Graafian follicles, Leydig's cells and seminiferous tubules.
C Graafian follicles, Sertoli cells and seminiferous tubules. D All of these.
Ans: A Sertoli cells, seminiferous tubules, Leydig's cells.
Q54. A surgical method which prevents pregnancy by preventing the sperms from reaching the ovum is: 1 Mark
A Foeticide B Copper-T C Vasectomy D Tubectomy
Ans: C Vasectomy
Explanation:
Foeticide is the act of aborting a foetus.
Copper-T is an intrauterine device that some women use for birth control.
It is a barrier. It is inserted high in the uterus by a physician, and provides enhanced contraceptive protection for up to ten years.
 Copper IUDs actually prevent fertilization by reducing the number and viability of sperms reaching the egg, and by impeding the
number and movement of eggs into the uterus.
It is believed that the continuous release of copper from the coils and sleeves of the Copper T 380A into the uterine cavity
enhances the contraceptive effect of the IUD.
Vasectomy is a surgical procedure where the male vasa deferentia are severed and then tied/sealed in a manner so as to prevent
the sperm from entering into seminal stream thereby preventing fertilization.
Tubectomy is the surgical procedure in which a woman's fallopian tubes are clamped and blocked or severed and sealed, either
of which prevents the eggs from reaching the uterus for implantation.
Q55. When do we need a previously frozen embryos? 1 Mark
A Fertilization cannot occur in woman. B To cure infertility.
C Problem in coitus. D Both A and B.
Ans: D Both A and B.
Explanation:
Previously frozen embryos are used to help an infertile couple to achieve conception.
These embryos have an excellent success rate as compared to other IVF methods.
Q56. Gonorrhoea is a venereal disease transmitted by sexual contact. It is caused by? 1 Mark
A Virus B Bacteria C Protozoan D Fungus
Ans: B Bacteria
Explanation:
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
It is an acute, infectious disease of the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract, eye, rectum, and throat.
The bacterium can grow and multiply easily in warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including cervix, uterus, and fallopian
tubes in women whereas in men, it grows in the urethra.
An infected a pregnant women may transmit the infection to her baby through vaginal tract.
Symptoms of gonorrhea in females manifest as abdominal pain, swelling, abnormal vaginal discharge and abnormal menstrual
bleeding.
In males, symptoms of gonorrhea include characteristic painful, purulent urethral discharge.
An infected a pregnant women may transmit the infection to her baby through vaginal tract
Q57. MTPs are considered relatively safe during the ______ weeks of pregnancy. 1 Mark
A 15. B 12. C 18. D 20.
Ans: B 12.
Q58. MTP Act of 1971 was amended in: 1 Mark
A 1994 B 1998 C 2002 D 2003
Ans: A 1994
Explanation:
Government of India legalised MTP in 1971 but with some strict conditions to avoid its misuse.
Such restrictions are necessary to check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides which are reported high till date. It was
amended in 1994.
Q59. Test-tube baby is one who 1 Mark
A Is born out of artificial insemination. B Has undergone development in a test tube.
C Is born out of the technique of fertilization in vitro. D Has been developed without fertilization.
Ans: C Is born out of the technique of fertilization in vitro.
Q60. Which of the following ions plays an effective role in the activity of IUDs? 1 Mark
A Iron. B Zinc. C Copper. D Ammonium.
Ans: C Copper.
Q61. Seminal vesicles are located in. 1 Mark
A Glane penis. B Above Coeper's glands. C Uterus. D Caput epididymis.
Ans: B Above Coeper's glands.
Q62. One of the best legal methods of birth control is: 1 Mark
A By abstaining from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the B By having coitus at the time of day break.
menstrual cycle.
C By premature ejaculation during coitus. D Abortion by taking appropriate medicine.
Ans:
 D Abortion by taking appropriate medicine.
Q63. In which of the following ARTs, does in vivofertilisation occur? 1 Mark
A ZIFT. B GIFT. C ICSI. D IVF.
Ans: B GIFT.
Q64. Surgical methods, also called sterilisation techniques are fool-poof methods be prevent pregnancy. But, it is the last option for 1 Mark
many couples, because:
A It is nearly irreversible. B Of lack of sufficient facilities in many parts of the country.
C Of fear that it will reduce sexual drive. D All of these.
Ans: D All of these.
Q65. The highly sophisticated procedure of directly injecting a sperm into an egg is called: 1 Mark
A ICSI. B ZIFT. C GIFT. D AID.
Ans: A ICSI.
Q66. The function of copper-T is to prevent. 1 Mark
A Fertilization. B Egg maturation.
C Ovulation. D Implantation of blastocyst.
Ans: D Implantation of blastocyst.
Q67. MTP can imbalance the: 1 Mark
A Population B Age structure C Sex ratio D Density
Ans: C Sex ratio
Explanation:
MTP is the process of induced abortion where the pregnancy is terminated before the completion of the full term.
Many couples use this method to abort their female foetus, leading to increased female foeticide.
With increased rate of female foeticide, the sex ratio of males to females in a society reduces, ultimately leading to imbalance in
sex ratio.
Q68. In which method, collected ovum and sperm are placed inside the woman's oviduct? 1 Mark
A Artificial insemination B Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection
C In vitro fertilization D Gamete intrafallopian transfer
Ans: D Gamete intrafallopian transfer
Explanation:
Gamete intrafallopian transfer also called GIFT, involves a direct transfer of both human gametes, sperm and oocytes, into the
fallopian tube.
In GIFT, an incision has to be made in the abdomen and the eggs and sperm are immediately placed in the fallopian tubes using
a laparoscope, a small telescope-like instrument.
Q69. MTP is safe up to: 1 Mark
A 10 weeks B 12 weeks C 15 weeks D 20 weeks
Ans: B 12 weeks
Explanation:
Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is considered relatively safe in the first trimester i.e. 12 weeks.
Post that it becomes riskier from second trimester onwards.
Q70. Cryptorchidism is the condition when: 1 Mark
A Testes are inside abdomen and normal. B Testes fail to descend into the scrotum.
C Ovaries are in gubernaculum. D Ovaries fail to descend.
Ans: B Testes fail to descend into the scrotum.
Explanation:
The condition of undescended testis is called as cryptorchidism.
During embryonic life, the testes develop within the abdominal cavity but descend into the scrotum prior to birth.
If they fail to do this and the condition is not corrected, infertility is likely to follow and the risk of testicular cancer is increased.
Q71. "Saheli' is a/ an: 1 Mark
A Oral contraceptive for females. B Surgical/ sterilisation method for females.
C Diaphragm for females. D Surgical/ sterilisation method for males.
Ans: A Oral contraceptive for females.
Q72. Which of the following is a problem related to reproductive health in India? 1 Mark
A Taboos B Early marriage C Elephantiasis D Both A and B
Ans: D Both A and B
Explanation:
In early marriage, since the age of the female partner is low, so as to give birth to a healthy child.
Therefore the IMR & MMR are high in early marriages.
Also in some parts of the rural India, there still exist some sex related taboos
Q73. Condoms are one of the most popular contraceptives becuase of the following reasons 1 Mark
A All of the above. B These help in reducing the risk of STDs.
C They do not interfere with coital act. D These are effective barriers for insemination.
Ans: A All of the above.
Q74. Which of the following contraceptive also provides protection from contacting STDs and AIDS? 1 Mark
A Diaphragms. B Spermicidal foams.
C Condoms. D Lactational amenorrhoea.
Ans: C Condoms.
Q75. Select the incorrect statement regarding medical termination of pregnancy. 1 Mark
A It is legal up to 12th week of pregnancy. B It cannot be done without surgery.
C It is consider to be safe during first trimester. D It needs the assistance of qualified medical practitioners.
Ans: B It cannot be done without surgery.
Explanation:
The MTP is completely based on medication and hence there's no use of surgery.
In this process, a pill called Mifepristone is given to the female, either orally or through injections.
similarly, other drugs too are given in the same way.
Q76. The causative agent of genitalia herpes is: 1 Mark
A HIV B Chlamydia C Herpes simplex virus D Papiloma virus
Ans: C Herpes simplex virus
Explanation:
Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases or
venereal diseases or reproductive tract infections.
Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, Chlamydiasis, Trichomoniasis, Hepatitis-B, AIDS are some of the STDs. The genitalia herpes
is caused by Herpes simplex virus.
Q77. Which of the following methods of contraception has lowest degree of effectiveness? 1 Mark
A IUCD B Vasectomy C Condom D Oral pills
Ans: C Condom
Explanation:
Contraceptive methods are those methods or devices, which couples employed to prevent unwanted pregnancy.
There are various methods such as condoms, oral pills, IUCD, vasectomy, cervical cap, withdrawal etc.
However, their usage is not all 100% in every case.
Theoretical effectiveness shows the methods to be 98 - 99.9% effective although same can't be said in actual usage.
IUCD, vasectomy, oral pills all have shown better results than condoms.
IUCD effective rate corresponds to 99.5% (Copper - T).
Vasectomy effectiveness corresponds to 99.9% effective.
Oral pills are 99.7% effective although results show 95% effectiveness in actual usage.
Condoms are least effective with actual usage shows only 85-90% effectiveness.
Q78. Oligospermia is caused by: 1 Mark
A Alcoholism B STD
C Damage to prostate or seminal vesicles D All of the above
Ans: A Alcoholism
Explanation:
Q79. Chancroid is a sexually transmitted disease caused by: 1 Mark
A Treponema B Haemophilus C Neisseria D Chlamydia
E Trichimonas
Ans:
 B Haemophilus
Explanation:
Chancroid is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection characterized by painful sores on the genitalia.
It is caused by the fastidious Gram - negative streptobacillus Haemophilus ducreyi.
Q80. Artificial insemination means: 1 Mark
A Transfer of sperms of a healthy donor to a test tube B Transfer of sperms of husband to a test tube containing
containing ova. ova.
C Artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the D Introduction of sperms of a healthy donor directly into the
vagina. ovary.
Ans: C Artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the vagina.
Explanation:
Artificial insemination is used as a fertility treatment method.
It may be needed in case a single woman wants to have a child, or if the male’s sperm is not strong enough to survive until it
reaches the egg.
The procedure comprises of deliberate introduction of sperm into the woman’s cervix.
Hence, the artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the vagina is called artificial insemination.
Q81. Which of the following statement is correct? 1 Mark
A First trimester abortions are riskier than the second B Second trimester abortions are riskier than the first
trimester. trimester.
C Abortions can be carried at any of the stages of pregnancy. D None of the above.
Ans: B Second trimester abortions are riskier than the first trimester.
Explanation:
Abortion is the technique in which the foetus is removed from the uterus before the completion period of gestation.
The medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is considered as safe before 20 weeks of pregnancy.
The first trimester is the time considered as safe for abortions.
The second trimester starts from the 13th to 28th week of pregnancy.
This is the period where the child develop organs and structures which are vital for life.
The foetus is implanted deep in the uterus and the structure of placenta has been formed.
The abortion is more dangerous in the second trimester compared to first trimester because there are chances if heavy bleeding
and other complications after termination of pregnancy.
Q82. Control of many diseases such as plague, smallpox, malaria etc causes: 1 Mark
A Poor living standards B Sharp rise in population
C Poor housing D None of the above
Ans: B Sharp rise in population
Q83. Select the wrong statement: 1 Mark
A LNG-20 is hormone releasing IUD.. B Saheli is a non-steroid contraceptive pill.'
C Multiload 375 is a non medicated IUD. D RCH stands for 'Reproductive and Child Health Care
Ans: C Multiload 375 is a non medicated IUD.
Q84. Choose the correct statement regarding the ZIFT procedure: 1 Mark
A Ova collected from a female donour are transferred to the B Zygote is collected from a female donour and transferred
fallopian tube to facilitate zygote formation. to the fallopian tube.
C Zygote is collected from a female donour and transferred to D Ova collected from a female donour and transferrerd to
the uterus. the uterus.
Ans: B Zygote is collected from a female donour and transferred to the fallopian tube.
Explanation:
ZIFT stand for Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer. The name shows that zygote is transferred to the fallopian tube. Transfer to the
uterus will be useless because zygote needs to develop into blastocyst for implantation.
Q85. Which of the following is the most accepted method of contraception in India? 1 Mark
A Vaults B IUD C Periodic abstinence D Diaphragams
Ans: B IUD
Explanation:
IUD is the most common and effective method of contraception in India.
It is cheap and is easily available. It doesn't affect the sexual activity of the user and can be fitted at home.
Q86. 1 Mark
 Which one amongst the following is the first country in the world to initiate action plans and programmes at a national level to
attain total reproductive health as social goal?
A China. B India. C Japan. D USA.
Ans: B India.
Q87. Choose the correct statement regarding the ZIFT procedure. 1 Mark
A Ova collected from a female donour and transferrerd to B Zygote is collected from a female donour and transferred
the uterus. to the uterus.
C Zygote is collected from a female donour and transferred to D Ova collected from a female donour are transferred to the
the fallopian tube. fallopian tube to facilitate zygote formation.
Ans: C Zygote is collected from a female donour and transferred to the fallopian tube.
Q88. Heart is 1 Mark
A Endodermal. B Mesodermal. C Ectodermal. D None of these.
Ans: B Mesodermal.
Q89. Assisted reproductive technology does not include: 1 Mark
A Gamete intrafallopian transfer. B Artificial insemination.
C Zygote extra-fallopian transfer. D In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
Ans: C Zygote extra-fallopian transfer.
Explanation:
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) are medical procedures to treat infertility. With ART, the process of sexual intercourse is
bypassed and fertilization of the oocytes occurs in the laboratory environment (i.e., in vitro fertilization).
Types of Assisted reproductive technology includes Gamete intrafallopian transfer, Artificial insemination, In vitro fertilization
and embryo transfer, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), surrogacy, donor conception, intracytoplasmic sperm injection
(ICSI) and Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).
Hence Assisted reproductive technology does not include Zygote extra-fallopian transfer.
Q90. Diaphragms are contraceptive devices used by the females. Choose the correct option from the statements given below: 1 Mark
1. They are introduced into the uterus.
2. They are placed to cover the cervical region.
3. They act as physical barriers for sperm entry.
4. They act as spermicidal agents.
A i and ii. B i and iii. C ii and iii. D iii and iv.
Ans: C ii and iii.
Explanation:
Diaphramgs, cervical caps and vaults: These are also barrier made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract
to cover the cervix during coitus. They prevent conception by blocking the entry of sperms through the cervix. They are reusable.
Spermicidal creams, jellies and foams are usually used along with these barrier to increase their contraceptive efficiency.
Q91. Which of the following process may promotes MTP? 1 Mark
A Ovulation B Amniocentesis C Implantation D All of the above
Ans: B Amniocentesis
Explanation:
MTP refers to Medical termination of pregnancy.
The process of amniocentesis is performed for the detection of any chromosomal abnormality in the foetus.
This process helps in the treatment of the foetus by using gene therapy.
This process is used by many people to determine the sex of the child.
This results in the decision of termination of pregnancy if the foetus is a girl child.
Q92. Principle to lower the risk of getting sexually transmitted disease is: 1 Mark
A Use a male condom. B Don't have multiple sex partners.
C As a young person, delay having sexual relations as long as D All of the above.
possible.
Ans: D All of the above.
Explanation:
Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases. One
could be free of these infections by following the simple principles given below:
Q93. GIFT involves: 1 Mark
 A Transfer of zygote into the fallopian tube. B Transfer of embryo into the uterus.
C Transfer of a mixture of sperms and ova into the fallopian D Transfer of a mixture of sperm and ova into the uterus.
tube.
Ans: C Transfer of a mixture of sperms and ova into the fallopian tube.
Explanation:
GIFT (gamete intra fallopian transfer) is an assisted reproductive procedure which involves removing a woman’s eggs, mixing
them with sperm, and immediately placing them into a fallopian tube.
One of the main differences between this procedure and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
procedures is that with GIFT the fertilization process takes place inside the fallopian tube rather than in a laboratory.
Q94. The egg is fertilised by a sperm during test tube baby formation: 1 Mark
A In - vivo B In - vitro C Both A and B D None of the above
Ans: B In - vitro
Explanation:
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process by which an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body in a test tube.
The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, removing ovum from the woman's ovaries and
letting sperm fertilize them in a liquid in a laboratory.
The fertilized egg (zygote) is cultured in a growth medium and is then implanted in the same or another woman's uterus, with
the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy.
Q95. Stage transferred to uterus after induced fertilization of ova in the laboratory is: 1 Mark
A Embryo at two-blastomere stage. B Morula.
C Zygote. D Embryo at four blastomere stage.
Ans: B Morula.
Explanation:
In Intra - Uterine Transfer (IUT) embryo with more than 8 - blastomeres stage (morula) is used for transfer into the uterus after
induced fertilisation in the laboaratory.
Q96. STD/VD/UTI are: 1 Mark
A Devices which are used to delay the pregnancy. B Infections which are caused by food contamination.
C Diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse. D Action plans and programmes to create awareness about
various reproductive related health and problems.
Ans: C Diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse.
Q97. Increased IMR and decreased MMR in a population will: 1 Mark
A Cause rapid increase in growth rate. B Result in decline in growth rate.
C Not cause significant change in growth rate. D Result in an explosive population/ exp.
Ans: B Result in decline in growth rate.
Q98. Which of the following cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis? 1 Mark
A Jaundice. B Down syndrome. C Sex of the foetus. D Klinefelter syndrome.
Ans: A Jaundice.
Q99. Cryopreservation is useful for: 1 Mark
A Preservation of semen B Very young foetuses C Living cells D All the above
Ans: D All the above
[Link] planning programme was invented in: 1 Mark
A 1981 B 1972 C 1962 D 1951
Ans: D 1951
Explanation:
India was the first country in the world to establish a government family planning programme way back in 1951.
This programme not only benefits the parents, but also the nation's health.
This programme created a awareness among the people about the use of contraceptives, avoiding forced abortions & various
types of sexually transmitted diseases .
[Link] of these oral contraceptive drugs have side effects (can cause breast cancer)? 1 Mark
A Mercilon B Mala- D C Saheli D Both A and B
Ans: D Both A and B
Explanation:
 Oral contraceptive pills are used to control and prevent pregnancy.
These pills are prepared by combining estrogen and progestins, the two female sex hormones, or progestins alone so as to
prevent ovulation.
Mercilon shows side effects such as breast tenderness, pain in the breasts, abdominal pain, headaches, skin rashes insomnia,
and depression.
Mala D is a combination pill with a molecular composition of Levonorgestrel-0.15 mg + Ethinyl oestradiol- 0.03mg- these also
show side effects of headaches, dizziness, and tenderness of the breasts.
Saheli (ormeloxifene 30mg) is the only non–steroidal pill with zero side effects available in the world.
[Link] discharge, slight pain and swelling in genital region are the early symptoms of: 1 Mark
A Sexually transmitted disease B Fungal disease
C Viral disease D Both A and B
Ans: A Sexually transmitted disease
Explanation:
The sexually transmitted diseases also called venereal diseases, are spread by sexual intercourse with an infected person.
The major venereal diseases are syphilis and gonorrhea.
Fluid discharge, slight pain, swelling in genital region are the early symptom of sexually transmitted disease.
[Link] of the following sexually transmitted diseases is most common in the world? 1 Mark
A Chlamydia B Gonorrhea C Herepes D AIDS
Ans: A Chlamydia
Explanation:
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection, that can be passed on through sex without a condom with someone
chlamydia (even if they don't have symptoms), or from a pregnant woman to her unborn baby.
It can be prevented by using male or female condoms during sex.
A simple urine test will show whether you have chlamydia.
Chlamydia is easily treatable with antibiotics.
[Link] of the following sexually transmitted disease is caused by yeast? 1 Mark
A Candidiasis B Scabies C Enterobiasis D Syphilis
Ans: A Candidiasis
Explanation:
[Link] of the following is not a copper releasing IUD? 1 Mark
A LNG 20. B Lippes Loop. C Both. D None of these.
Ans: A LNG 20.
[Link] of the following is hormone-releasing? 1 Mark
A Multiload 375. B LNG-20. C Lippes loop. D Cu 7.
Ans: B LNG-20.
[Link] of the following is a sexually transmitted disease? 1 Mark
A Arthritis B AIDS C Tetanus D Sleeping sickness
Ans: B AIDS
Explanation:
Explanation for correct option:
HIV causes AIDS and interferes with the body's ability to fight infections.
The virus can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen or vaginal fluids.
In few weeks of HIV infection, flu - like symptoms such as fever, sore throat and fatigue can occur.
As the disease progresses it can lead to death.
[Link] mother is used for: 1 Mark
A Induction of lactation. B Artificially inseminated female.
C Future mother with transplanted embryo. D Artificial in semination.
Ans: C Future mother with transplanted embryo.
[Link] one of the following is not an STD? 1 Mark
A Huntington disease B Gonorrhoea C AIDS D Syphilis
Ans: A Huntington disease
Explanation:
 Huntington disease is an inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time.
It has a broad impact on a person's functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric
disorders.
[Link] one of the following technique has been widely used to overcome sexual incompatibility? 1 Mark
A In vitro fertilization B Geitonogamy C Allogamy D Xenogamy
Ans: A In vitro fertilization
[Link] which year, MTP was legalised in India? 1 Mark
A 1971. B 1951. C 1981. D 1923.
Ans: A 1971.
[Link] would happen if vasa deferentia of man are cut? 1 Mark
A Sperms will be non - nucleate. B Spermatogenesis will not occur.
C Semen will be without sperms. D Sperms will be non - motile.
Ans: C Semen will be without sperms.
Explanation:
Vas deferens is the dilated continuation of the epididymis.
It is located on the spermatic cord; hence, a male permanent (surgical) contraceptive method (vasectomy) is usually performed
on it.
As it passes from the tail of the epididymis, it is covered by the spermatic cord containing testicular artery, vein,
autonomic nerves, lymphatic and connective tissue.
After the ducts pass through the inguinal canal it frees from the spermatic cord and passes behind the urinary bladder, where it
travels alongside an accessory gland, the seminal vesicle and becomes ejaculatory duct.
Just before reaching the seminal vesicle, it widens into an enlarged portion, ampulla.
The ampulla is sperm storage sites before ejaculation.
It transports sperm by peristalsis during peak stimulation.
If vas deferens is cut the semen will be without sperms.
[Link] physiological capacity of a population to produce off springs is known as: 1 Mark
A Environmental resistance B Carrying capacity
C Biotic potential D None
Ans: C Biotic potential
[Link] lactating mothers do not generally conceive due to the 1 Mark
A Hyper secretion of gonadotropins. B Suppression of gonadotropins.
C Suppression of gametic transport. D Suppression of fertilisation.
Ans: B Suppression of gonadotropins.
[Link] infanticide is commonly reported from: 1 Mark
A Usalampatti B Madurai C Kanyakumari D Rajasthan
Ans: D Rajasthan
Explanation:
Amniocentesis is an analysis of amniotic fluid to ascertain any congenital genetic or chromosomal disorder in the fetus.
One dangerous trend is the misuse of amniocentesis to determine the sex of the unborn child.
Frequently, if the fetus is found to be female, it is followed by MTP or medical termination of pregnancy- this is totally illegal.
This problem is especially acute in north Indian states like Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana.
[Link] of the following statements is true? 1 Mark
A A sterile male can make a woman pregnant. B A infertile woman is always sterile.
C Infertility is not always a biological issue. D None of the above.
Ans: C Infertility is not always a biological issue.
Explanation:
Infertility is the inability of a couple to become pregnant (regardless of cause) after 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse
(using no birth control methods).
Reasons for infertility include physical stress, congenital issues, drugs, immunological issues and sometimes even psychological
issues.
Sterility refers to the inability to produce a child permanently.
Infertility can be resolved by medication or treatment.
Q117. 1 Mark
 For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: To achieve zero population growth rate, the replacement level should be slightly higher than 2.
Reason: Replacement level means the number of children that can replace parent equally.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
[Link] in males can be caused due to: 1 Mark
A Cryptorchidism B Alchoholism C Thyroid dysfunction D All of the above
Ans: D All of the above
Explanation:
In cryptorchidism, testes are unable to descend in scrotal sacs so that sperms are not produced.
On the other hand, alcoholism reduces the sperm count & thyroid dysfunction also reduces sperm motility.
[Link] termination of pregnancy is safe upto: 1 Mark
A 12 weeks B 18 weeks C 6 weeks D 10 weeks
Ans: A 12 weeks
Explanation:
MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., up to 12 weeks of the pregnancy.
Second-trimester abortions are much riskier.
Intentional or voluntary termination of the pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP).
[Link] reproductive technology, IVF involves transfer of. 1 Mark
A Ovum into the fallopian tube. B Zygote into the fallopian tube.
C Zygote into the uterus. D Embryo with 16 blastomeres into the fallopian tube.
Ans: B Zygote into the fallopian tube.
[Link] one of the following is the correct statement regarding the particular psychotropic drug specified? 1 Mark
A Hashish causes alter thought perceptions and B Opium stimulates nervous system and causes
hallucinations. hallucinations.
C Morphine leads to delusions and disturbed emotions. D Barbiturates cause relaxation and temporary Euphoria.
Ans: A Hashish causes alter thought perceptions and hallucinations.
[Link] formula for exponential population growth is. 1 Mark
A Dt/dN = rN. B DN/rN = dt. C RN/dN = dt. D DN/dt = rN.
Ans: D DN/dt = rN.
Q123.A venereal or sexually transmitted disease is: 1 Mark
A Diphtheria B Leprosy C Syphilis D Tetanus
Ans: C Syphilis
Explanation:
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (i.e. it transmitted by having an unprotected sex with an infected person) caused by
bacteria Treponema pallidum.
It usually starts as painless sores. It can be treated by taking proper medications.
[Link] genetic drift in a population probably results from: 1 Mark
A Constant low mutation rate. B Large population size.
C Highly genetically variable individuals. D Interbreeding within this population.
Ans: C Highly genetically variable individuals.
[Link] most important component of the oral contraceptive pills is. 1 Mark
A Progesterone. B Growth hormone. C Thyroxine. D Luteinizing hormone.
Ans: A Progesterone.
[Link] when oviduct is removed or ligated, it is called: 1 Mark
A Tubectomy B Vasectomy C Adenectomy D Embolectomy
Ans: A Tubectomy
Explanation:
 Tubectomy or female sterilization is the most popular method of contraception.
It is a surgical procedure in which a woman's fallopian tubes are clamped and blocked or severed and sealed, either method of
which prevents eggs from reaching the uterus for implantation.
Vasectomy or male sterilization is where the vasa deferentia are severed and sealed.
Adenoid glands are part of the immune system and help protect the body from viruses and bacteria.
An adenoidectomy is a surgery to remove the adenoids because they have become swollen or enlarged because of an infection
or allergies.
An embolectomy is a surgery to remove an embolus from an artery or vein.
An embolus is part of a blood clot that broke free. It can travel through your bloodstream and become stuck in another area.
[Link] chances of conception in women starts from which day of menstruation? 1 Mark
A 4th day B 14th day C 26th day D 1st day
Ans: B 14th day
[Link] case of a couple where the male is having a very low sperm count, which technique will be suitable for fertilisation? 1 Mark
A Insemination. B Artificial Insemination.
C Intracytoplasmic sperm injection. D Intrauterine transfer.
Ans: B Artificial Insemination.
[Link] of the following groups of contraceptives are included under barrier methods? 1 Mark
A Condom, Vaults, IUDs, Cervical caps. B IUDs, Diaphragm, Abstinence, Injections.
C Condom, Diaphragm, Cervical caps, Vaults. D Surgical methods, Oral contraceptives, Cervical caps,
vaults.
Ans: C Condom, Diaphragm, Cervical caps, Vaults.
[Link] cases due to inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm count in the ejaculates, 1 Mark
could be corrected by artificial insemination (AI).
A Rete testis. B Epididymis.
C Female Reproductive tract. D None of these.
Ans: C Female Reproductive tract.
Q131.‘Saheli’ a new oral contraceptive developed by: 1 Mark
A All Indian Institute of Medical Science. B Central Drug Research Institute.
C Health Care Pvt. Ltd. D Bharat Immunologicals & Biologicals corp. Ltd.
Ans: B Central Drug Research Institute.
[Link] of the following sexually transmitted diseases are curable if detected early except. 1 Mark
A Hepatitis B B Genital herpes C Syphilis D AIDS
Ans: D AIDS
Explanation:
AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, attacks the immune system, making it weak, hence the individual suffers from many
different types of diseases.
Also in the early stages of the disease, very little or no symptoms, like a headache, fever, fatigue and sore throat appear, which is
misunderstood for some kinds of flu.
[Link] detection technique for AIDS is 1 Mark
A Microscopic examination B ELISA C PCR D Both B and C
Ans: D Both B and C
Explanation:
PCR test is used to detect HIV's genetic material, called RNA, in the patient's specimens.
ELISA test for the antibodies & antigens in the blood of the infected person.
[Link] from frozen embryo of boar was created by: 1 Mark
A Wilmut B Wilmut and Campbell C Nirenberg D Holley
Ans: A Wilmut
[Link] a species of an organism cannot form a zygote but the zygote survives, the phenomenon is known as: 1 Mark
A Hybrid vigour B Hybrid sterility C Hybrid zygote D Hybrid fertility
Ans: B Hybrid sterility
[Link] of the following are all sexually transmitted diseases? 1 Mark
 A Hepatitis-B, AIDS, Haemophilia. B AIDS, Syphilis, Cholera.
C Trichomoniasis, Malaria, HIV. D Gonorrhoea, Hepatitis-B, Chlamydia.
Ans: D Gonorrhoea, Hepatitis-B, Chlamydia.
Explanation:
The most common sexually transmitted diseases are HIV/AIDS, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis,Hepatitis Mycoplasma genitalium,
Trichomoniasis, HPV, crabs/pubic mice.
[Link] potential refers to: 1 Mark
A Increase of population under optimum environmental B Increase of population under given conditions.
conditions.
C Increase of population under natural conditions. D Increase of population under climatic conditions.
Ans: A Increase of population under optimum environmental conditions.
Explanation:
Biotic potential is the maximum reproductive capacity that can be attained only when environmental resources are non -
limiting.
It is important to note, that under ideal unlimited conditions, species differ widely in their biotic potential.
A species reaching its biotic potential would exhibit exponential population growth and be said to have a high fertility.
[Link] method of directly injecting a sperm into ovum in assisted by reproductive technology is called: 1 Mark
A GIFT. B ZIFT. C ICSI. D ET.
Ans: C ICSI.
Explanation:
Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a method in which embryo is formed in the laboratory in which a sperm is directly
injected into the ovum.
[Link] health is related to: 1 Mark
A Physical fitness B Emotional compatibility
C Behavioural inter relationships D All of the above
Ans: D All of the above
Explanation:
Reproductive health as a total well being in physical, emotional, behavioral and social aspects of reproduction.
A society can only be termed as reproductively healthy if the people have physically and functionally normal reproductive organs
as well as normal emotional and behavioural interactions among them in all sex- related aspects.
[Link] death decreases due to: 1 Mark
A Medical discoveries B Industrial revolution C Agriculture revolution D None of these
Ans: C Agriculture revolution
[Link] transmitted disease is also called as: 1 Mark
A Venereal diseases B Non communicable diseases
C Congenital disease D None of the above
Ans: A Venereal diseases
Explanation:
Venereal disease is a disease that is contracted and transmitted by sexual contact, caused by microorganisms that survive on the
skin or mucus membranes, or that are transmitted via semen, vaginal secretions, or blood during intercourse.
Venereal diseases are also known as a morbus venereus or sexually transmitted disease (STD).
[Link] the sexually transmitted diseases mentioned below, identify the one which does not specifically affect the sex organs: 1 Mark
A Syphilis. B AIDS. C Gonorrhea. D Genital warts.
Ans: B AIDS.
Explanation:
Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercoarse called sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or VD
(Venereal diseases) or RTI (Reproductive tract infections).
Examples of STDs,
[Link] statements are given regarding MTP. Choose the correct options given below: 1 Mark
1. MTPs are generally advised during first trimester.
2. MTPs are used as a contraceptive method.
3. MTPs are always surgical.
4. MTPs require the assistance of qualified medical personnel.
 A ii and iii. B ii and iii. C i and iv. D i and ii.
Ans: C i and iv.
Explanation:
MTP is carried out after conception and hence it cannot be a contraceptive method. MTP involves curettage of foetus by
inserting a suitable tool in the uterus and this does not involve surgery. Hence, option (i) and (iv) are correct.
[Link] which of the following techniques, the embryo at 8-celled blastomere stage is transferred to the uterus? 1 Mark
A IUT B ICSI C GIFT D ZIFT
Ans: D ZIFT
[Link] mother is: 1 Mark
A Mother without lactation. B Future mother with embryo implanted from another.
C Carrying several embryos. D Artificially inseminated female.
Ans: B Future mother with embryo implanted from another.
[Link] of ovum from donor to recipient oviduct is: 1 Mark
A GIFT B ICSI C ZIFT D ET
Ans: A GIFT
Explanation:
GIFT referred as a gamete intra Fallopian transfer.
In this, the egg from the donor and the sperm from the father (or the donor male) is taken and are transferred to the oviduct or
the Fallopian tube of the recipient.
[Link] the sexually transmitted diseases mentioned below, identify the one which does not specifically affect the sex organs. 1 Mark
A AIDS. B Syphilis. C Gonorrhea. D Genital warts.
Ans: A AIDS.
[Link] up or removing a small part of fallopian duct is called: 1 Mark
A Vasectomy. B Ductus arteriosus. C Archidectomy. D Tubectomy.
Ans: D Tubectomy.
[Link] a random mating population in equilibrium, which of the following brings about a change in gene frequency in non-directional 1 Mark
manner?
A Selection. B Migration. C Mutation. D Random drift.
Ans: C Mutation.
[Link] involves transfer into fallopian tube of: 1 Mark
A Zygote or embryo upto 8 - celled stage. B 32 - celled stage.
C Zygote only. D Embryo only upto 8 - celled stage.
Ans: A Zygote or embryo upto 8 - celled stage.
Explanation:
In vitro fertilization is the fertilization outside the body in similar conditions as that in the body is the method in which sperm
from the male and ovum from the female are collected and are induced to form zygote or early embryo with up to 8
blastomeres could then be transferred into a fallopian tube.
[Link] to prevent contraception contain. 1 Mark
A Progesterone. B FSH. C LH. D Both (b) and (c).
Ans: A Progesterone.
[Link] is the only first non - steroidal drugs synthesized by CDRI, Lucknow? 1 Mark
A C B A C D D B
Ans: A C
Explanation:
Saheli is surely the first non-steroidal drug is used for contraception.
Unlike other contraceptive pills which uses estrogen to prevent pregnancy, saheli uses a drug that stops the production of
estrogen or we can say that saheli blocks estrogen so that pregnancy can be prevented.
This is accomplished because the increased dose of estrogen stops a woman's ovaries to release the egg.
Also, by blocking estrogen in the uterus, the saheli alters the uterus lining which prevents the fertilised egg from implanting.
[Link] correct surgical procedure as a contraceptive method is. 1 Mark
A Hysterectomy. B Castration. C Vasectomy. D Ovarieetomy.
Ans: A Hysterectomy.
[Link] oral contraceptive pills mainly contain the hormones: 1 Mark
A Estrogen and luteinising hormone. B Progesterone and estrogen.
C Estrogens and follicle-stimulating hormone. D Progesterone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
Ans: B Progesterone and estrogen.
[Link] in reproductive health is: 1 Mark
A Assisted insemination. B Artificial insemination.
C Antigen introduction. D Antibody introduction.
Ans: B Artificial insemination.
Explanation:
AIT (Artificial Insemination Technique)-The technique is used in those females where the husband either is unable to inseminate
or has very low sperm count.
In such cases the semen of the husband or donor male is first collected and then is artificially introduced either into the vagina
or into the uterus(intra- uterine insemination or IUI).
[Link] or free milk is called: 1 Mark
A Colostrum. B Baby's milk. C Rostrum. D Cholesterol.
Ans: A Colostrum.
[Link] is the correct surgical method for preventing pregnancy in which the vas deferens is cut? 1 Mark
A Ovariectomy. B Castration. C Hysterectomy. D Vasectomy.
Ans: D Vasectomy.
[Link] IMR and decreased MMR in a population will. 1 Mark
A Not cause significant change in growth rate. B Result in an explosive population/exp.
C Result in decline in growth rate. D Cause rapid increase in growth rate.
Ans: A Not cause significant change in growth rate.
[Link] of descent of testes in scrotal sacs is called as? 1 Mark
A Vasectomy B Cryptorchidism C Impotency D Tubectomy
Ans: B Cryptorchidism
Explanation:
In males, the scrotum is a pouch of deeply pigmented skin, fibrous and connective tissue and smooth muscle.
It lies below the symphysis pubis, in front of the upper parts of the thighs and behind the penis.
The testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity within the scrotum.
The scrotum helps in maintaining the low temperature of the testes necessary for spermatogenesis.
The condition of undescended testis is called as cryptorchidism.
During embryonic life, the testes develop within the abdominal cavity, but descend into the scrotum prior to birth.
If they fail to do this and the condition is not corrected, infertility is likely to follow and the risk of testicular cancer is increased.
[Link] is a: 1 Mark
A Viral disease B Protozoan disease
C Sexually transmitted disease D A disease that impairs vision
Ans: C Sexually transmitted disease
Explanation:
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae or gonococcus.
It used to be known as "the clap".
[Link] up of blastocyst in the wall of uterus is. 1 Mark
A Implantation. B Fertilisation. C Placentation. D Impregnation.
Ans: A Implantation.
[Link] India, human population is heavily weighed towards the younger age groups as a result of 1 Mark
A Short life span of many individuals and low birth rate. B Long life span of many individuals and low birth rate.
C Short life span of many individuals and high birth rate. D Long life span of many individuals and high birth rate.
Ans: C Short life span of many individuals and high birth rate.
[Link] is essential: 1 Mark
A When continuation of pregnancy is harmful to mother. B When sex determination is required.
 C When continuation of pregnancy is harmful to foetus. D Both A and C.
Ans: D Both A and C.
Explanation:
MTP refers to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy.
This is the process which is used to terminate the pregnancy in certain cases when the fetus may be considered harmful to the
mother.
There are diseases and conditions in which the child may die or cause problems to the immune system of the mother. In such
cases, MTP is adviced.
[Link] National Institute of Health and Care Excellence definition of infertility is: 1 Mark
A Failure to conceive at a time of one's choosing. B Failure to conceive for a period of two years.
C Failure to conceive after frequent unprotected sexual D Failure to conceive after frequent unprotected sexual in.
intercourse for one to two years in couples in the
reproductive age group.
Ans:
C Failure to conceive after frequent unprotected sexual intercourse for one to two years in couples in the reproductive age group.
Explanation:
According to the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence, infertility is the failure to conceive by the couple, wh0 are in
the reproductive age groups, after frequent tries of unprotected coitus for more than two years.
In order to help such couples, the government has set up awareness campaigns for IVF and other methods of conception.
The government is also trying to create awareness among people about the possible option of adoption.
[Link] are one of the most popular contraceptives becuase of the following reasons: 1 Mark
A These are effective barriers for insemination. B They do not interfere with coital act.
C These help in reducing the risk of STDs. D All of the above.
Ans: D All of the above.
Explanation:
Condoms are barriers made of thin rubber/latex sheath. Condoms are used to cover the penis in male or vagina and cervix in the
female, just before coitus so that the ejaculated semen would not enter into the female reproductive tract. This can prevent
conception. Use of condoms has increased in recent years due to its additional benefit of protecting the user from contracting
STDs and AIDS. Both male and female condoms are disposable and gives privacy to the user. ‘Nirodh’ is a popular brand of
condom for the male. Condom is the most widely used contraceptive by males in India as it is cheap and easily available. It is
simple and effective and has no side effects.
[Link] of prolactin level in normal female causes: 1 Mark
A Non implantation B Non ovulation C Oligo ovulation D Ovarian cysts
Ans: A Non implantation
Explanation:
In humans, implantation is the stage of pregnancy at which the embryo adheres to the wall of the uterus.
High levels of prolactin can also be caused by pituitary tumors, certain medications.
Women with elevated prolactin levels who are trying to conceive(give birth) may experience menstrual and/or ovulatory cycles
that are irregular, making it more difficult to become pregnant.
Thus higher levels of prolactin cause non-implantation by preventing fertilization by affecting ovarian cycles.
Hence Elevation of prolactin level in normal female causes non-implantation.
[Link] is the expansion for MTP? 1 Mark
A Mechanical Transfer of Pollen. B Maternally Transmitted Pathogens.
C Medical Termination of Pregnancy. D Medical Termination of Parturition.
Ans: C Medical Termination of Pregnancy.
[Link] is the marriageable age for the females and males respectively in India? 1 Mark
A 18, 18. B 18, 25. C 21, 18. D 18, 21.
Ans: D 18, 21.
[Link] one is not legitimate for reducing birth rate? 1 Mark
A Ban on marriages B MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy)
C Use of contraceptives D Late marriages
Ans: A Ban on marriages
Explanation:
 Not getting married isn't the right way for reducing the birth rate of a particular place.
We can reduce the birth rate by using proper contraceptives, barrier, natural or hormonal.
[Link] characteristic demographic features of developing countries are. 1 Mark
A High fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid B High fertility, high density, rapidly rising mortality rate and
population growth and a very young age distribution. a very young age distribution.
C High infant mortality, low fertility, uneven population D High mortality, high density, uneven population growth
growth and a very young age distribution. and a very old age distribution.
Ans: A High fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and a very young age distribution.
[Link] pregnancy termination is also known as: 1 Mark
A Medical termination of pregnancy B Vasectomy
C Tubectomy D All of the above
Ans: A Medical termination of pregnancy
Explanation:
Voluntary pregnancy termination is Medical termination of pregnancy.
Intentional termination of pregnancy before full term is called as medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion.
This is the method which helps to remove the foetus from the uterus of the mother before completion of the gestation period.
MTP are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.
In India, MTP is considered as safe up to 20 weeks of pregnancy.
[Link] pregnancy can be avoided by: 1 Mark
A Tubectomy B Vasectomy C MTP D All of the above
Ans: D All of the above
Explanation:
Unwanted pregnancy can be avoided by using different methods.
There are surgical methods like vasectomy and tubectomy.
Tubectomy is the method in which the fallopian tubes in the females are cut and then sealed or tied.
This prevents the fertilisation of egg and sperm as there is no ovum present in the site for fertilisation.
Vasectomy is the method in which the vasa deferens in the males are cut and then sealed or tied.
This prevents the release of sperms and transfer to the female reproductive system.
Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is the method which helps to remove the foetus from the uterus of the mother before
completion of the gestation period.
This is also known as induced abortion.
[Link], which is the most important component of oral contraceptive pills, prevents pregnancy by. 1 Mark
A Preventing the formation of egg. B Preventing the cleavage of the fertilized egg.
C Creating unfavourable chemical environment for the D Blocking ovulation.
sperms to survive in the female reproductive tract.
Ans: D Blocking ovulation.
[Link] drift operates only in 1 Mark
A Island populations. B Smaller populations.
C Larger populations. D Mendelian populations.
Ans: B Smaller populations.
[Link] is misused for: 1 Mark
A Abortion B Female foeticide C Miscarriage D Both (A) and (B)
Ans: B Female foeticide
Explanation:
MTP is the process of induced abortion where the pregnancy is terminated before the completion of the full term.
Many couples use this method to forcefully abort their female foetus, leading to increased female foeticide.
[Link] case of a couple where a man is having very low sperm count, which of the following techniques will be suitable for 1 Mark
fertilization?
A Intrauterine transfer. B Gamete intrafallopian transfer.
C Artificial insemination. D Intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
Ans: C Artificial insemination.
Explanation:
Q177. 1 Mark
 The population of an insect species shows an explosive increase in numbers during rainy season followed by its disappearance at
the end of the season. What does this show?
A S-shaped or sigmoid growth of this insect. B The food plants mature and die at the end of the rainy
season.
C Its population growth curve is of J-type. D The population of its predators increases enormously.
Ans: C Its population growth curve is of J-type.
[Link] contraceptives are effective if used within: 1 Mark
A 72 Hrs of coitus. B 72 Hrs of ovulation. C 72 Hrs of menstruation. D 72 Hrs of implantation.
Ans: A 72 Hrs of coitus.
[Link] a population, unrestricted reproductive capacity is called: 1 Mark
A Biotic potential. B Fertility. C Carrying capacity. D Birth rate.
Ans: A Biotic potential.
[Link] of the following contraceptives is one of the most widely accepted method of contraception in India? 1 Mark
A Sterilization. B Intra Uterine device.
C Withdrawal or coitus interruption. D Medical termination of pregnancy.
Ans: B Intra Uterine device.
[Link] of the following is caused by the Haemophilus ducreyi? 1 Mark
A Chlamydiasis B Chancroid C Candidiasis D Scabies
Ans: B Chancroid
Explanation:
Haemophilus ducreyi is a fastidious gram-negative coccobacillus bacteria, which causes the sexually transmitted disease
chancroid, a major cause of genital ulceration in developing countries, characterized by painful sores on the genitalia.
[Link] contraceptives may prevent pregnancy if used within 72 hrs of. 1 Mark
A Coitus. B Ovulation. C Menstruation. D None of these.
Ans: A Coitus.
[Link] amenorrhoea prevents: 1 Mark
A Secretion of milk from breast B Conception
C Secretion of prolactin D Spermatogenesis
Ans: B Conception
Explanation:
Lactational Amenorrhea method- It is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore the menstrual cycle do not occur during the
period of intense lactation following parturition.
As a result chances of conception are almost nil as long as the mother lactates fully.
[Link] vitamin deficiency is responsible for causing infertility? 1 Mark
A Vitamin A B Vitamin C C Vitamin B D Vitamin E
Ans: D Vitamin E
Explanation:
Vitamin E deficiency is responsible for causing infertility.
Vitamin E helps in increasing the thickness of the endometrium in women.
In men, it helps in increasing the sperm motility and health.
[Link] of the following is useful in maintaining the reproductive health? 1 Mark
A Sex education B Birth control devices C Medical facilities D All of the above
Ans: D All of the above
Explanation:
Sex education at a proper age is very important so as to maintain a healthy reproductive society.
Also we need proper medical facilities & good knowledge of birth control devices to maintain the same.
[Link] with more than 16 blastomere formed due to in vitro fertilization is transferred into: 1 Mark
A Cervix B Uterus C Fallopian tube D Fimbriae
Ans: B Uterus
Explanation:
 The zygote or early embryo (upto 8 blastomeres stage) is transferred to fallopian tube called zygote intra fallopian transfer or
ZIFT.
IUT (Intrauterine transfer), the embryo with more than 8 blastomeres is transferred into the uterus.
[Link] all cases of infertility, the prognosis of a pregnancy is greatly influenced by: 1 Mark
A Age of woman B Duration of infertility
C Occurrence of a previous pregnancy D All of the above
Ans: D All of the above
Explanation:
The age of the woman & the duration of infertility plays the most important role in the prognosis of pregnancy.
Also, the medical history of previous pregnancies has a great impact on the oncoming conceptions.
[Link] success of birth control programmes in controlling population growth is dependent on: 1 Mark
A Use of contraceptives B Tubectomy
C Vasectomy D Acceptability of the above by the people
Ans: D Acceptability of the above by the people
[Link] of the following is an aim of medical termination act? 1 Mark
A To improve maternal health B To de-criminalize the abortion seeker
C Both A and B D To decrease population
Ans: C Both A and B
Explanation:
The medical termination act of 1971 gives allows abortions only under the following conditions
A risk to life of the pregnant woman
A risk of grave injury to her mental or physical health
If the pregnancy is caused by rape
If the unborn suffers from chromosomal or genetic abnormalities
Failure of the contraceptive used by the couple
If any of these condition is not met, the MTP is considered to be illegal .
[Link] was the first scientist to estimate the human population: 1 Mark
A Darwin B Malthus C Garrod D Vavilor
Ans: B Malthus
Explanation:
Malthus in his "Essay on the principle of population" (1798) pointed out that population tends to increase in geometric
progression while food supply increase only in arithmetic progression.
[Link] techniques are generally fool proof methods of contraception with least side effects. Yet, this is the last option for 1 Mark
the couples because:
1. It is almost irreversible.
2. Of the misconception that it will reduce sexual urge/drive.
3. It is a surgical procedure.
4. Of lack of sufficient facilities in many parts of the country Choose the correct option:
A i and iii. B ii and iii. C ii and iv. D i, ii, iii and iv.
Ans: D i, ii, iii and iv.
[Link] India the family planning program officially started in? 1 Mark
A 1958 B 1991 C 2000 D 1951
Ans: D 1951
Explanation:
India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and programs at a national level to attain total
reproductive health as a social goal.
These programs called family planning were initiated in 1951 and were periodically assessed over the past decades.
[Link] of Vitamin E brings about: 1 Mark
A Scurvy B Beri - Beri C Slow clotting of blood D Impotency
Ans: D Impotency
Explanation:
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin E is also known as antisterility vitamin.
It is required for motility of sperms, maturation of RBCs and is an important antioxidant vitamin.
 The vitamin E deficiency causes problems such as poor transmission of nerve impulses, muscle weakness, sterility and
degeneration of the retina that can cause blindness.
[Link] concept that population tends to increase geometrically while food supply increases arithmetically was put forward by. 1 Mark
A Stuart Mill. B Adam Smith. C Charles Darwin. D Thomas Malthus.
Ans: D Thomas Malthus.
[Link] one is correct regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STD)? 1 Mark
A Haemophilia is one of the STD. B Genital herpes and sickle cell anaemia are both STD.
C Chances of a five years old boy contracting a STD are very D A person may contract syphilis by sharing milk with one
little. already suffering from disease.
Ans: C Chances of a five years old boy contracting a STD are very little.
Explanation:
Sexually transmitted infections are more common in 15 - 24 years age group.
Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, genital warts, trichomoniasis, hepatitis-B and AIDS are some of the common
STDs.
Haemophilia is sex-linked recessive disease, which show its transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of male
progeny.
Sickle cell anaemia is an autoimmune linked recessive trait in which both the partners are carrier for the gene.
[Link] the correct statement for primary infertility. 1 Mark
A It denotes those women who have never conceived. B It denotes the presence of cysts in the ovaries.
C It can occur both in females and males. D Both A and C
Ans: D Both A and C
Explanation:
Infertility can occur in any of the female or male partners.
In males can be because of low sperm count, decreased sperm motility, & many more. In females, it can occur due to the
inability to produce an egg, or because of the inhospitable environment of the uterus.
[Link] stands for: 1 Mark
A Intra Uterine Devices. B Internal Uterine Devices.
C Inseminated Uterine Devices. D Injected Uterine Devices.
Ans: A Intra Uterine Devices.
[Link] tube baby means a baby born when: 1 Mark
A It develops from a non-fertilized egg. B It developed in a test tube.
C It is developed through tissue culture method. D The ovum is fertilised externally and thereafter implanted
in uterus.
Ans: D The ovum is fertilised externally and thereafter implanted in uterus.
Explanation:
Test tube baby means ovum fertilized outside the mother body and then implanted in uterus for growth and development.
[Link] the mean and the median pertaining to a certain character of a population are of the same value, the following is most likely 1 Mark
to occur:
A Normal distribution. B Bi-modal distribution. C T-shaped curve. D Skewed curve.
Ans: A Normal distribution.
[Link] the right one among the statements given below: 1 Mark
A IUDs are generally inserted by the user herself. B IUDs increase phagocytosis reaction in the uterus.
C IUDs suppress gametogenesis. D IUDs once inserted need not be replaced.
Ans: B IUDs increase phagocytosis reaction in the uterus.
Explanation:
A qualified medical professional is needed to insert IUD. IUD has no effect on gametogenesis because ovulation takes place in
the ovary while IUD is placed at the junction of fallopian tubes and uterus. IUDs can be easily taken out. So, option ‘b’ is correct.
[Link] of the following represents a condition where the motility of sperms is highly reduced? 1 Mark
A Azoospermia B Polyspermy C Oligospermia D Asthenospermia
Ans: D Asthenospermia
Explanation:
Explanation for correct option:
 Azoospermia is the complete absence of sperm from the man's semen.
Polyspermy describes an egg that has been fertilized by more than 1 sperm.
Oligospermia is the deficiency of sperm cells in the sperm.
Asthenospermia is a medical term for reduced sperm motility. It causes infertility in men.
[Link] family planning programmes in India were initiated in 1 Mark
A 1951. B 1961. C 1971. D 1981.
Ans: A 1951.
Q203.A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is: 1 Mark
A Germ cell internal fallopian transfer. B Gamete inseminated fallopian transfer.
C Gamete intra fallopian transfer. D Gamete internal fertilization and transfer.
Ans: C Gamete intra fallopian transfer.
[Link] correct surgical procedure as a contraceptive method is: 1 Mark
A Ovarieetomy. B Hysterectomy. C Vasectomy. D Castration.
Ans: C Vasectomy.
Explanation:
Ovariectomy is removal of ovary which is carried out in case of ovarian cyst or cancer. Hysterectomy is removal or uterus which is
carried out in case of uterine cancer or risk of uterine cancer. Castration is done in males (usually in animals).
[Link] semen through technology into the female genital tract is known as _______. 1 Mark
A Artificial insemination B Implantation C Fertilization D Capacitation
Ans: A Artificial insemination
[Link] of the following is not a sexually transmitted disease? 1 Mark
A Trichomoniasis B Hepatitis B C Chlamydiasis D Loiasis
Ans: D Loiasis
Explanation:
Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases or
venereal diseases or reproductive tract infections.
Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, Chlamydiasis, Trichomoniasis, Hepatitis-B, AIDS are some of the STDs.
Loiasis is an eye infection caused by the Loa loa worm that can come in contact with humans through the bite of deerflies.
[Link] most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease is: 1 Mark
A Gonorrhea B Syphilis C Chlamydia D Genital warts
Ans: D Genital warts
Explanation:
Chlamydia is the most common type of bacterial STD.
It doesn't cause any symptoms, hence is difficult to detect in the early stages.
[Link] of an allele in an isolated population may change due to. 1 Mark
A Genetic drift. B Gene flow. C Mutation. D Natural selection.
Ans: A Genetic drift.
[Link] of the following is a span of the second trimester? 1 Mark
A 13 to 27 week of pregnancy B 15 to 30 week of pregnancy
C 8 to 27 week of pregnancy D None of the above
Ans: A 13 to 27 week of pregnancy
Explanation:
The gestation period of the pregnancy is divided into three trimesters.
The second trimester starts from the 13th week to the 27th week of pregnancy.
This is also termed as the golden period of gestation.
Significant changes takes place in the development of the baby.
The organs develop in the foetus and the foetus increases in size.
[Link] of the following is considered as the first impact of a pill taken for medical abortion? 1 Mark
A It blocks the release of hormone progesterone B It delays the menstrual cycle
C It delays release of estrogen D None of the above
Ans: A It blocks the release of hormone progesterone
Explanation:
 Progesterone is known as the pregnancy hormone. This hormone is released by the corpus luteum.
This hormone is necessary to thicken the endometrial lining and maintain pregnancy.
The medicines which are taken as pills for medical abortion contains the drugs which block the production or the effect of
progesterone.
These are the chemicals which block the release of progesterone by the corpus luteum which results in medical abortion.
[Link] is the most important factor for the success of animal population? 1 Mark
A Natality. B Unlimited food. C Adaptability. D Inter-species activity.
Ans: C Adaptability.
[Link] ______ the egg is first fertilized outside the body and then it is inserted into the oviduct. 1 Mark
A ICSI. B ZIFT. C IVF. D GIFT.
Ans: B ZIFT.
[Link] of the following complication follows a medical abortion? 1 Mark
A Heavy or persistent bleeding. B Infection or sepsis.
C Damage to the cervix. D All of the above.
Ans: D All of the above.
Explanation:
All of the above cases, like, damage to cervix, heavy bleeding or infection during pregnancy, can affect the health of the mother
& the fetus in many ways.
Hence in all of these cases, it is better to go with the MTP.
[Link] to which of the following organization "reproductive health means a total well-being in all aspects of reproduction"? 1 Mark
A WHL. B UNESCO. C WHO. D WWW.
Ans: C WHO.
[Link] the production of test tube babies: 1 Mark
A Fertilization is internal and fetus formation is external. B Fertilization is external and fetus formation is internal.
C Fertilization and fetus formation is external. D Fertilization and fetus formation is internal.
Ans: B Fertilization is external and fetus formation is internal.
Explanation:
The Test tube baby programme involves IVF procedure in which an egg is fertilized with sperm outside the body, under
laboratory conditions and then it is implanted in a women's uterus for the development of foetus.
So, the fertilization is external but development of foetus is internal.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Rapid decline in death rate, MMR and IMR have lead to a staggering rise in population.
Reason: Such an alarming growth rate has lead to an absolute scarcity of even the most basic requirements, i.e. food and shelter.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Second trimester abortions are much more complicated.
Reason: The foetus becomes intimatelyassociated with the maternal tissues after 12 weeks.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Now-a-days amniocentesis is banned.
Reason: Amniocentesis gives the information of any abnormality in the fetus and many other complications regarding pregnancy
can be detected.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
 C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Explanation:
Amniocentesis is a fetal sex determination and disorder test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid
surrounding the developing embryo. It is withdrawal of a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding the embryo in the uterus by
piercing the amniotic sac through the abdominal wall. Amniotic fluid drawn from the uterus contains cells from the embryo
(mostly shed from the skin). Cell cultures enable chromosome patterns to be studied so that prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal
abnormalities (such as Down's syndrome) can be made. Metabolic errors and other diseases, such as spina bifida, can also be
diagnosed prenatally from the biochemistry of the cells. Now-a days, instead of positive uses of amniocentesis, it is being used
for female feticide. Sex of the fetus is determined using amniocentesis and then if it turns out to been a female one, fetus is
aborted. That is why amniocentesis has been banned in India.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Family planning is an action plan to attain reproductive health among people.
Reason: Improved programmes covering reproduction related areas were propagated by RCH to create awareness among
people.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: A surgical method of contraception is sterilisation.
Reason: It blocks gamete transport and thereby prevents conception
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Barrier methods prevent physical meeting of sperms and ova.
Reason: This prevents conception.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: In barrier methods, ovum and sperms are prevented from physical meetings.
Reason: Barriers, methods are used during coitus, to prevent the entry of ejaculated semen into the female reproductive tract.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Copper -T is an effective contraceptive device in human females.
Reason: Copper-T prevents passage of sperms from vagina upwards into fallopian tubes.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: C A is true but R is false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
 Assertion: Generally, a woman does not conceive during the lactation period.
Reason: The hormone 'prolactin' initiates and maintains lactation in a postpartum woman.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Explanation:
Milk secretion is maintained as long as breast feeding, and hence hormone production continues. A woman does not conceive
during the lactation period because lactation stimulates prolactin secretion and there is evidence that prolactin inhibits GnRH
secretion, and antagonises the action of gonadotrophins on the ovaries. Ovulation is inhibited, and the ovaries are inactive, so
estrogen and progesterone output falls to low levels. Thus, during lactation a woman does not conceive. Only 5-10% chances are
there during lactation period. This can also be interpreted as mechanism devised by nature so that mother can look after the
new born child by providing it with milk.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: STDs are transmitted through sexual intercourse.
Reason: STDs can be prevented by using barrier contraceptives like condoms.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: IVF in fertilization is carried out outside the body of woman.
Reason: The zygote upto 8 blastomeres could be transferred into the fallopian tube.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Biologically, woman is superior to man.
Reason: A woman provides nutrition to developing foetus during gestation and also nourishes the baby on her milk after birth.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Test-tube baby has raised several legal problems.
Reason: It involves in vitro fertilization followed by embryo transfer.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: PCR, ELISA, DNA hybridisation are confirmatory tests for sexually transmitted diseases.
Reason: Incidence of STDs are very high in persons above the age of 30.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Explanation:
 STDs are a major threat to healthy society. Incidence of STDs is very high in persons who have 15-24 years of age.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Infertility is the inability to produce children inspite of unprotected sex.
Reason: Infertile couples could have children using assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: There is chance of fertilisation during 10 -17 days menstrual cycle.
Reason: Ovulation occurs during these days.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: A person should be considered reproductively healthy if they have healthy reproductive organs but are emotionally
imbalanced.
Reason: This statement about reproductive health was given by WHO.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: D A is false and R is also false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Contraceptives are methods to prevent unwanted pergnancies.
Reason: Unwanted pregnancies can only be prevent by using oral contraceptives.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: C A is true but R is false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: In zygote intra fallopian transfer the zygote is transferred to the fallopian tubes of the female.
Reason: ZIFT is a in vivo fertilisation method.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: C A is true but R is false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Syphilies, gonorrhoea and AIDS are STDs.
Reason: These diseases are transmitted through sexual intercourse.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: A small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up in vasectomy.
Reason: In tubectomy, a small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up.
 A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are barriers made of rubber.
Reason: They are inserted into the male reproductive tract during coitus.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: C A is true but R is false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Introduction of sex education in mschools should be encouraged.
Reason: This will encourage children to believe in myths about sex related aspects.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: C A is true but R is false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Natality increases both population density and population size.
Reason: Natality increases the number of individuals in an area by births.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: IUT is the transfer of embryo with more than 8 blastomeres into the fallopian tubes.
Reason: This is a verypopular method of forming embryos in-vivo.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: D A is false and R is also false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Both male and female can be infertile.
Reason: Infertility can result due to any fertility related disorder.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Enterobiasis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by pinworm.
Reason: Enterobiasis is treated with antihelminthic drugs.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Q243. 1 Mark
 For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Fetal chromosomal disorders can be diagnosed by chorionic villi sampling.
Reason: Karyotyping can be done for mitotically dividing cells of chorionic villi.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Explanation:
During early pregnancy, fetal chromosomal disorders can be diagnosed using chorionic villi sampling. In this technique the
physician inserts a narrow, flexible tube through the mother's vagina and cervix into the uterus (guided by ultrasound) and
withdraws a small amount of fetal tissue (chorionic villi) from the placenta. Because the cells of the chorionic villi are undergoing
rapid mitosis, these cells can be used for karyotyping.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Chlamydia trachomatis is a human pathogen that causes trachoma, sexually transmitted and perinatal infection.
Reason: Chlamydia trachomatis has DEFGHIJK serotypes.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Sterilization is a terminal method used only for males.
Reason: These techniques are highly effective and their reversibility is very good.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: D A is false and R is also false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Use of condom is a protection against AIDS and sexual diseases besides checking pregnancy.
Reason: Certain contraceptives are planted under the skin of the upper arm to prevent pregnancy.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: A medical termination of pregnancy is legally allowed upto the 28th week of pregnancy.
Reason: MTP is done if family physician or gynaecologist consider the need for abortion.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Reusable contraceptives are not full proof method of contraceptions
Reason: Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are barrier methods which prevent conceptions by blocking entry of sperms
through cervix. They are reusable.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Rhythm contraceptive method can be beneficial to the couple facing fertility problem.
Reason: Rhythm method is based on the ICSI technique.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: D Both assertion and reason are false.
Explanation:
Rhythm method is a natural method of birth control in which the couples avoid or abstain from coitus (intercourse) from the day
10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle as ovulation occurs during this period. It is also known as periodic abstinence.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Zero population growth should be achieved as early as possible to control human population
Reason: This as requires not two children per couple but a lilttle more.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Cu-T and Cu-7 do not suppresses sperm-motility.
Reason: Hormones released by them do not affect sperm motility.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: D A is false and R is also false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Periodic abstinence is a method in which couples avoid from coitus from day 17 to 27 of menstrual cycle.
Reason: It is a very effective method and 100% sure of birth control.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: D A is false and R is also false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: HIV infection can be avoided by use of condoms.
Reason: Condoms secrete anti-viral interferons.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: C A is true but R is false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Sponge and Delfin are chemical methods of contraception.
Reason: Diaphragms and cervical caps are disposable barrier method of contraception.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Explanation:
Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are made of rubber, inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix before
coitus. They prevent fertilisation by blocking the entry of sperms through the cervix. These barriers are reusable.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Subcutaneous implants (Norplants) involve implantation of synthetic progesterone under the skin.
Reason: Norplants block ovulation and thickens the cervical mucus to prevent sperm transport.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Saheli, the new oral contraceptive for the females, contains a steroidal preparation
Reason: It is "once in a day" pill with very few side effects.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: D A is false and R is also false.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable if it is detected and treated properly in primary stage.
Reason: HIV infection is completely curable with drugs like Zidovudine, Didanosine and Azidothymidine.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: D Both assertion and reason are false.
Explanation:
HIV infection, hepatitis-B and genital herpes are incurable STDs. HIV infection causes AIDS. Although there is no cure of AIDS, yet
use of certain drugs like Zidovudine, Azidothymidine and Didanosine can prolong the life of AIDS patient.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a procedure to form an embryo in vitro.
Reason: Sperm is directlyinjected into the ovum.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Amniocentesis is often missemployed.
Reason: Amniocentesis is meant for determining the genetic disorders in the foetus, but it is being used to determine the sex of
the foetus, leading to death of the normal female foetus.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: A wide range of contraceptive methods are available for family planning.
Reason: Natural method includes condoms, diaphragms, etc., while barrier methods use of included method like periodic
abstinence, lactational amenorrhea, etc.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: C A is true but R is false.
Q261. 1 Mark
 For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: In GIFT, fertilisation takes place in vivo.
Reason: The results of GIFT are less better than in vitro fertilisation.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Explanation:
GIFT is a more expensive and invasive procedure than IVF (in vitro fertilisation) but its results are better than IVF.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions 1 Mark
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Oral contraceptive pills check ovulation.
Reason: Oral pills always contains combination of progesterone and estrogen.
A Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the B Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion. correct explanation of assertion.
C Assertion is true, but reason is false. D Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: C Assertion is true, but reason is false.
Explanation:
Oral pills contain either progestin (progesterone) alone or a combination of progestogen and estrogen.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Artificial insemination is method of introduction of semen inside the female.
Reason: This technique is used in those cases where males have low sperm count.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Reproductive and Child Healthcare Programmes is for reproduction related areas.
Reason: It deals with creating awareness among various reproduction related aspects.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Pills are very effective contraceptive methods with lesser side effects.
Reason: Pills inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as retard entry of sperms.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
[Link] two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these 1 Mark
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: Chances of conception are almost nil as long as the mother breast-feeds the child fully.
Reason: This method is based on the fact that ovulation do not occur during the period of intense lactation.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
[Link] the relation between first two words given below and give suitable word for blank. 2 Marks
1. Male : Vasectomy :: Female : ________.
 2. Condom : Nirodh :: Oral pill : _________.

Ans: 1. Tubectony.
2. Saheli.
[Link] methods of contraception are highly effective but their __________ is poor. 1 Mark

Ans: Surgical methods of contraception are highly effective but their reversibility is poor.
[Link] to the 2001 census report, the population growth rate in India is _____________ per year. 1 Mark

Ans: According to the 2001 census report, the population growth rate in India is 17
1000
or 1.7% per year.
Q270.___________ is the oral contraceptive for female containing non-steroidal preparation. 1 Mark

Ans: Saheli is the oral contraceptive for female containing non-steroidal preparation.
[Link] with more than 32 blastomeres is transferred into the _________. 1 Mark

Ans: Embryo with more than 32 blastomeres is transferred into the uterus.
Q272.____________ methods work on the principle of avoiding the chances of meeting of ovum and sperm. 1 Mark

Ans: Barrier methods work on the principle of avoiding the chances of meeting of ovum and sperm.
[Link] world population was around ____________ in 1900. 1 Mark

Ans: The world population was around 2 billion 2000 million in 1900.
[Link] ____________ of the menstrual cycle are called fertile period. 1 Mark

Ans: Day 10-17 of the menstrual cycle are called fertile period.
[Link] statutory ban on _________ is to legally check the female foeticide. 1 Mark

Ans: The statutory ban on amniocentesis is to legally check the female foeticide.
Q276.___________ is the sterilisation procedure carried out in males. 1 Mark

Ans: Vasectomy is the sterilisation procedure carried out in males.

[Link] incidences of STPs are reported to be very high among persons in the age group of ____________ years. 1 Mark

Ans: The incidences of STPs are reported to be very high among persons in the age group of 15-24 years.
[Link] True/ False with explanation. 1 Mark
Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/ False)

Ans: True.
Explanation:
Creating awareness about sex-related aspects removes the myths and miconcep- tions about these problems.
[Link] True/ False with explanation. 1 Mark
Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/ False)

Ans: True.
Explanation:
Due to internal factors like incompatibility, abortion could happen spontaneously.
[Link] pills prevent ovulation and implantation. 1 Mark

Ans: True.
[Link] process in males, is called vasectomy and that in females, is called tubectomy. 1 Mark

Ans: True.
[Link] is an imported oral pill. 1 Mark

Ans: False.
[Link] True/ False with explanation. 1 Mark
Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/ False)

Ans: True.
Explanation:
But it is limited to period up to six months after parturition.
[Link]-B, AIDS and genital herpes are the STDs that can be cured. 1 Mark

Ans: False.
[Link] are considered relatively safe during the first 18 weeks of pregnancy. 1 Mark

Ans: False.
[Link] True/ False with explanation. 1 Mark
 Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/ defects in the female
partner. (True/ False)

Ans: False.
Explanation:
It is due to abnormalities/ defects in either male or female or both the partners.
[Link] the items of Column I with those of Column II. 4 Marks
[Link]. Column I [Link]. Column II
(A) Lactational amenorrhoea. (i) Directly injecting a sperm into the ovum.
(B) ICSI. (ii) Suppressing ovulation and implantation.
(C) Tubectomy. (iii) Suppression of gonadotropins.
(D) Oral contraceptive. (iv) Blocking the transport of gametes.
(v) Implant under the skin.

Ans: [Link]. Column I [Link]. Column II

(A) Lactational amenorrhoea. (iii) Suppression of gonadotropins.
(B) ICSI. (i) Directly injecting a sperm into the ovum.
(C) Tubectomy. (iv) Blocking the transport of gametes.
(D) Oral contraceptive. (ii) Suppressing ovulation and implantation.

[Link] the items of Column I with those of Column II. 4 Marks

[Link]. Column I [Link]. Column II
(A) Copper-releasing IUD. (i) Sterilisation in males.
(B) Hormone-releasing IUD. (ii) Progesterone-estrogen combination.
(C) Vasectomy. (iii) Progestasert.
(D) Oral contraceptive. (iv) Multiload 375.

Ans: [Link]. Column I [Link]. Column II

(A) Copper-releasing IUD. (iv) Multiload 375.
(B) Hormone-releasing IUD. (iii) Progestasert.
(C) Vasectomy. (i) Sterilisation in males.
(D) Oral contraceptive. (ii) Progesterone-estrogen combination.

[Link] are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practised to help infertile couples? Describe any three techniques. 6 Marks

Ans: Following are the various Assisted Reproductive Techniques:

1. IVF (In-vitro Fertilisation): In this technique, sperm from the male and ovum and from the female are taken out. They are
then allowed to undergo fertilization in the laboratory.
2. ET (Embryo Transfer): This technique is the next step after IVF. There are two ways of doing the embryo transfer. Zygote which
are up to 8 blastomeres are transferred to the fallopian tube and this technique is called ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer).
Another technique involves transferring blastocyst into the uterus and this is called Intra Uterine Transfer (IUT).
3. GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer): This technique involves transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian
tube of another female who cannot produce one.
4. ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection): This is a highly-specialized technique. In this technique, sperm is directly injected
into the ovum; in laboratory.
5. AI (Artificial Insemination): In this technique, the semen collected dither from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially
introduced either into the vagina or into uterus of the female.
[Link] and describe any five reasons for introducing sex education to school-going children. 6 Marks

Ans: Following are the five reasons for introducing sex education to school-going children.
1. Addressing Curiosity of Adolescents: School going children are of impressionable age. At this age, any wrong information can
create long lasting impressions on their mind. This can be highly counter-productive from them as far as reproductive health is
concerned.
2. Different Aspects of Reproductive Health: We know that reproductive health does not have physical health as the only
aspect. Reproductive health also includes social, behavioural and psychological aspects.
3. Preparing Better Adults: If children are given sex education at the right age, they will learn to understand the importance of
right behavior, proper age of marriage and child bearing and of small family size. They will also learn to respect the privacy of
other individuals.
4. Reducing the Chances of STDs: Proper awareness about reproductive system can help in reducing the prevalence of STDs.
This can also motivate people to give up stigma and go to a doctor at the right time.
5. Family Planning: Proper awareness will help people understand the importance of small family. It will help in controlling the
population growth in country.
[Link] the mode of action and advantages/ disadvantages of hormonal contraceptives. 6 Marks

Ans: Oral administration of small doses of either progestogens or progestogen estrogen combinations is another contraceptive
method used by the females.
Most important component of oral contraceptive is progesterone. They are used in the form of tablets and hence are popularly
called the pills. Pills have to be taken daily for a period of 21 days starting preferably within the first 5 days of menstrual cycle.
After a gap of 7 days (during which menstruation occurs) it has to be repeated in the same pattern.
Oral contraceptive pills inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alter (change) the quality of cervical mucus to prevent or
retard entry of sperms. Progesterone present in OCP is meant for checking ovulation. Pills are very effective with lesser side
effects and are well accepted by the females. Combination or IUDs within 72 hours of coitus have been found to be very effective
as emergency contraceptives as they could be used to avoid possible Pregnancy due to rape or casual unprotected intercourse.
Q292. 1. IUDs are said to be effective contraceptives. Name any two commonly used IUDs and write the mode of their actions. 5 Marks
2. When is sterilisation advised to married couples? How is it carried out in a human male and a female, respectively?

Ans: 1. Lippes Loop, - increases phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.

CuT/ Cu7/ Multiload 375, - Cu ions suppress sperm motility/ fertilising capacity of sperms 13 - Progestasert/ LNG - 20, - makes
uterus unsuitable for implantation/ makes cervix hostile to sperms.
2. Sterilisation advised for the male/ female partner as terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies.
In male: Part of vas deferens is cut and tied (vasectomy).
In female: A small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up (tubectomy).
Q293. 1. Explain the steps involved in in vitro fertilisation, popularly known as test tube baby programme. 5 Marks
2. State the importance of this programme.

Ans: 1. Test tube baby programme.

It involves two steps:
1. In vitro fertilisation (IVF).
2. Embryo transfer (ET).
In this method, the ovum of the woman or a healthy donor and the sperm of her husband or a donor, are made to fuse to
form a zygote in the laboratory under conditions very similar to that in the body; it is called in vitro fertilization (IVF).
The zygote or early embryo with upto eight blastomeres is implanted in the fallopian tube or embryo with more than eight
blastomeres is implanted in the uterus for further development.
This method is used when the female is not able to conceive but can provide suitable conditions for embryo development.
2. This programme is to assist an infertile couple to bear a child, especially when the female is not able to conceive, but can
provide suitable conditions for embryo development.
[Link] and explain the surgical method advised to human males and females as a means of birth control. Mention its one 5 Marks
advantage and one disadvantage.

Ans: Surgical methods (Sterilisation):

These are terminal and permanent methods which block the transport of gametes, thereby preventing conception.
In males, a small part of the vas deferens is removed and tied up through a small incision onthe scrotum. This is called
vasectomy.
In females, a small part of the fallopian tube is removed and tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or vagina.
This is called tubectomy.

Advantage: It is the permanent and most effective method of preventing contraception as it blocks transport of gametes.
Disadvantage: This process of surgical methods is irreversible.
[Link] do you understand by the term population explosion? What are the reasons for population explosion? 5 Marks

Ans: The rapid increase in population over a relatively short period is called population explosion. Population of India which was
approximately 350 million at the time of our independence, crossed 1 billion in May 2000.
Reasons:
1. A rapid decline in death rate, maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate.
2. An increase in number of people in reproductive age.
3. Better public health care and greater medical attention.
4. Control of diseases.
5. Protection from natural calamities.
6. Development of agriculture, improvement in food storage conditions and better means of transport.
[Link] any four major categories into which contraception methods could be broadly classified. Explain briefly each category giving 5 Marks
one example of each.

Ans: 1. Barrier Methods: These methods prevent sperms and ovum from physically meeting in order to prevent fertilisation. These
methods are available for both males and females.
These are as follows:
1. Condoms: These are made of thin rubber or latex sheath and are used to cover the penis in males and vagina and cervix in
females. These are used during coitus, so that ejaculated semen would not enter female reproductive tract. Use of condoms
has increased in recent years due to its additional benefit of providing protection against STDs and AIDS. Moreover, condoms
do not interfere with the coital act, are disposable and can be self-inserted. Nirodh is a popular condom used by males.
Female condoms are known as femidoms.
2. Cervical caps, diaphragms and vaults: These are also made of rubber and are inserted into the female reproductive tract to
cover the cervix during intercourse. They prevent conception by blocking entry of sperms through cervix. These are reusable.
3. Spermicidal creams, jellies and foams(chemica methods): These are usually used along with the above stated barrier
methods to increase their contraceptive efficiency. These are applied at the surface of vagina before intercourse.
2. Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs): These devices contain either copper or progesterone and are inserted by doctors in the uterus
through vagina.
These are categorised as long term contraceptive methods and further divided into:
1. Copper releasing IUDs, e.g. Cu-T, Cu-7, Multiload 375 and Paragard are some of the Cu-releasing IUDs.
2. Hormone releasing IUDs, e.g. Progestasert, LNG-20, Mirena are some of the well known hormone releasing IUDs.
3. Non-medicated IUDs, e.g. Lippes loop.
IUDs prevent contraception in the following ways:
1. By increasing phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.
2. By suppressing the sperm motility and fertilizing ability of sperms by releasing Cu ions.
3. The hormone releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms. IUDs are ideal
contraceptives for females who want to maintain space among children and/ or delay pregnancy. It is one of most widely
accepted methods of contraception in India.
3. Oral Contraceptives: These are the preparations of hormones either progestogens or progestogen-oestrogen combinations in
the form of pills (tablets), used by the females. They alter or inhibit ovulation and fertilisation and also modify the quality of
cervical mucus to prevent or retard the entry of sperms. Oral pills are generally taken daily for a period of 21 days starting
within the first five days of menstrual cycle. After a gap of 7 days (during which menstruation occurs), it has to be repeated in
the same pattern till female desires to prevent conception. These are well-accepted as they are very effective with lesser side
effects. They are very popular among urban women. Most common examples are ‘Mala-D' and 'Saheli'. Saheli is a new oral
contraceptive for females that contains a non-steroidal preparation called centchroman. It is once a week pill with few side
effects and high contraceptive value. It was developed by CDRI (Central Drug Research Institute), Lucknow.
4. Injectables and Implants:
1. Hormone injections (Depo-Provera) are progesterone -derivative or progestogen-oestrogen combination injections, given
every three months as injections or as implants under skin. They release the hormone slowly and prevent ovulation.
2. Implant (Norplant) as a contraception method refers to sub-cutaneous implantation of synthetic progesterone. Though, these
act similarly to oral contraceptives by blocking ovulation and thickening the cervical mucus, to prevent sperm transport, their
effective periods are longer. One implant is effective for about five years.
5. Emergency Contraceptives (Morning After Pills): Most common form is a kit consisting high dose of birth control pills. These,
if taken within 72 hours of coitus have been very effective as emergency contraceptives as they could avoid possible
pregnancy due to rape or casual unprotected intercourse. Their side effects are menstrual irregulation, vomiting, etc., e.g. i-
pill, pill 72, unwanted 72.
Q297.A large number of married couples the world over are childless. It is shocking to know that in India the female partner is often 5 Marks
blamed for the couple being childless.
Why in your opinion the female partner is often blamed for such situations in India?

Ans: Female partner is often blamed due to following reasons:

1. Social mind set.
2. Inequality of sexes.
3. Lack of awareness/ male dominated society.
4. Awareness to be created that abnormality can occur in both male and females and infertility issues with suitable examples.
5. Mutual respect towards both the partners in case of the problem and to find the remedy from medical experts.
6. Educate them to find the reason and not believe in superstitions.
[Link] do you mean by reproductive health? Mention the different ways in which people are made aware of the significance of 5 Marks
reproductively healthy society.

Ans: Reproductive health means total well being in all aspects of reproduction, i.e., physical, emotional, behavioural, social and
physiological.
Following measures are needed to make people aware of reproductively healthy society:
1. Providing infrastructural facilities and professional expertise to attain reproductive health.
2. Educating people about birth control methods, care of pregnant mothers, importance of breast feeding, safe and hygienic
sexual practices and safeguard against STDs.
3. Introduction of sex education in schools to give proper information to the young minds about sex–related aspects.
4. Help of audio–visual and print–media to create awareness among people about reproduction related aspects.
5. Awareness of problems due to population explosion, social evils like sex abuse and sexrelated crimes.
6. Statutory ban on amniocentesis to legally check female foeticides.
[Link] you justify the statutory ban on aminocentesis in our country? Give reasons. 5 Marks

Ans: Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called MTP or induced abortion. Nearly 45 to 50 millions
MTPs are performed in a year all over the world which accounts to 1/5th (20%) of the total number of conceived pregnancies in a
year. MTP has a significant role in decreasing the population though it is not meant for this purpose.
Government of India legalized MTP in 1971 with some strict conditions to avoid its misuse. Such restrictions are more important
to check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides which reported to be high in India.
MTP is used to get rid of unwanted pregnancies either due to casual unprotected intercourse or failure of the contraceptive used
during coitus or rapes. MTPs are also essential in certain cases where continuation of the pregnancy could be harmful or even
fatal either to the mother or to the foetus or both. MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester (up to 12 weeks
of pregnancy). 2nd trimester abortions are much more risky. Another dangerous trend is the misuse of amniocentesis to
determine the sex of unborn child.
Amniocentesis is a foetal sex determination test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the
developing embryo. Amniocentesis is employed for determining hereditary abnormality in embryo. Statutory ban on
amniocentesis for sex-determination to legally check:
Increasing female foeticides.
Massive child immunisation.
[Link] are a threat to reproductive health. Describe any two such diseases and suggest preventive measures. 5 Marks

Ans: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs):

Infections or diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
or venereal diseases (VD) or reproductive tract infections (RTI). These include gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis,
genital warts, trichomoniasis, hepatitis – B, HIV.
Early symptoms: Itching, fluid discharge, slight pain and swellings in the genital region.
Complications due to chronic STDs: Pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), abortions, still births, ectopic pregnancies, infertility, or
even cancer of the reproductive tract.
Transmission of hepatitis – B and HIV occurs by the following ways:
1. Sharing of injection needles or surgical instruments with infected persons;
2. Transfusion of infected blood;
3. Transfer from infected mother to the foetus through placenta.
By following simple principles, STDs can be prevented:
1. Avoid sex with unknown partners/ multiple partners.
2. Always use condoms during coitus.
3. Contact a qualified doctor for any doubt, in early stage of infection.
[Link] the following: 5 Marks
1. ART
2. GIFT
3. ICSI
4. RTI
5. IUI

Ans: 1. ART: Assisted Reproductive Technology.

2. GIFT: Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer.
3. ICST: Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection.
4. RTI: Reproductive Tract Infections.
5. IUI: Intra Uterine Insemination.
Q302.A large number of married couples the world over are childless. It is shocking to know that in India the female partner is often 5 Marks
blamed for the couple being childless.
 Suggest a technique that can help the couple to have a child where the problem is with the male partner.

Ans: Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), Artificial insemination (AI), Intra uterine insemination (IUI) can help couples where the
problem is with male partner.
[Link] women were confused as to how a thin metallic copper loop can provide protection against pregnancy. Justify the use, 5 Marks
explaining the mode of action of IUDs.

Ans: Mode of action of IUDs:

1. Increase Phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.
2. Cu++ released suppress sperm motility.
3. Hormone releasing IUDs make uterus unsuitable for implantation.
[Link] can education help in building up a socially responsible and reproductively healthy society? (Enumerate the aspects that 5 Marks
should be emphasised).

Ans: 1. Counselling and creating awareness among people about the following aspects would help in building up a reproductively
healthy society.
1. Reproductive organs.
2. Adolescence and associated changes.
3. Safe and hygienic sexual practices.
4. Sexually transmitted diseases.
2. Educating people, especially fertile couples and those in marriageable age group about the following would help to raise a
socially responsible society.
1. Available birth control methods.
2. Care of pregnant mothers.
3. Importance of breast feeding.
4. Equal opportunities for a girl child.
[Link] the various methods of birth control. 5 Marks

Ans: Birth Control: The most important step to control population growth is to motivate smaller families by using various
contraceptive methods.
An ideal contraceptive should be:
User–friendly.
Easily available.
Effective and reversible with no or least side–effects.
Non–interfering with the sexual drive/ desire and/ or the sexual act of the user.
Methods of Birth Control:
The contraceptive methods are divided into following categories:
1. Natural/ Traditional methods.
2. Barrier methods.
3. Intra uterine devices (IUDs).
4. Oral contraceptives.
5. Injections and implants.
6. Surgical methods.
Natural methods:
These are natural methods that work on the principle of avoiding the meeting of ovum and sperm.
1. Periodic abstinence is a method in which a couple avoids or abstains from coitus from day 10-17 of the menstrual cycle, when
ovulation is expected to occur.
2. Coitus interruptus or withdrawal is a method in which male partner withdraws his penis from the vagina just before
ejaculation so as to avoid insemination.
3. Lactational amenorrhea is based on the principle that during the period of lactation after parturition, ovulation does not
occur.
Barrier methods:
These methods prevent the contact of sperm and ovum with the help of barriers. Such methods are available for both
males and females.
1. Condoms are barriers made of thin rubber/ latex sheath used to cover the penis in the male or vagina and cervix in females. It
prevents the deposition of ejaculated semen into the vagina of the female.
2. Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are the barriers made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to
cover the cervix during coitus. They prevent the entry of sperms through cervix.
3. Spermicidal creams, jellies and foams are used along with these barriers to increase their contraceptive efficiency.
Intra uterine devices (IUDs):
These devices are inserted by doctors in the uterus through vagina.
 There are three types of IUDs available:
1. Non-medicated IUDs: These increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus, e.g., Lippes loop.
2. Copper releasing IUDs: Along with phagocytosis of sperms, the copper ions released suppress sperm motility and fertilising
capacity of sperms, e.g., CuT, Cu 7, Multiload 375.
3. Hormone releasing IUDs: These make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms, e.g.,
Progestasert, LNG-20.
Oral contraceptive:
This involves uptake of hormonal preparations of either progestogens or progestogen–estrogen combinations in the form
of pills by females.
They inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent entry of sperms.
‘Saheli’, an oral contraceptive for females containing a non-steroidal preparation was developed by scientists at Central
Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow.
Pills have high contraceptive value and few side effects.
Injections and implants:
Progestogens or progestogen–estrogen combination can also be used by females as injections or implants under the skin.
Their mode of action is similar to that of pills but their effective periods are longer.
Surgical methods (Sterilisation):
These are terminal and permanent methods which block the transport of gametes, thereby preventing conception.
In males, a small part of the vas deferens is removed and tied up through a small incision onthe scrotum. This is called
vasectomy.
In females, a small part of the fallopian tube is removed and tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or vagina.
This is called tubectomy.
[Link] give an account of various intra uterine devices. How do they function? What is their advantage? 5 Marks

Ans: IUDs are inserted by doctors in the uterus through vagina. The use of IUD is most effective and popular. These are available as
1. Non medicated IUDs (Lippes loop)
2. Copper releasing IUDs (Cut, Cu7, Multiload 375)
3. Hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20)
Mode of Action. IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the copper ions released by them suppress sperm
motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms. The hormone releasing IUDs, in addition, make the uterus unsuitable for
implantation.
Advantage. IUDs are ideal contraceptives for the female who want to delay pregnancy and/ or space children.
Q307.A village health worker was taking a session with women. She tells the women that one has to be very careful while using oral 5 Marks
pills as method of birth control. Wrong usage can actually promote conception.
Analyse the statement and compare the merits and demerits of using oral pills and surgical methods of birth control.

Ans: Contraceptive pills Surgical methods

1. Pills are effective with lesser side effects and well ac
1. Surgical intervention block gamete transport.
Merits cepted by females.
2. Reversible method. 2. Highly effective.
1. If not taken on right days they can promote concept
1. Not reversible.
Demer ion.
its 2. Can affect health of a person if performed in unh
2. Can have side effects if taken for a long time.
ygienic condition.

[Link] the different ways in which people are made aware of the significance of reproductive health and a reproductively 5 Marks
healthy society.

Ans: 1. Family Planning Programmes [Now called Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes) create awareness among
people about reproduction-related aspects.
2. Audio-visual and print media give information about the nutrition for pregnant women lactating mothers and importance of
breast feeding the infants.
3. Governmental and non-governmental agencies have taken various steps to create awareness about the measures to be taken
during pregnancy, immunization programmes, etc.
4. Sex-education in schools has a major role in giving right information about reproduction-related problems.
5. Health workers in villages also create awareness about the prenatal care for pregnant women and the importance of
postnatal care and medically-aided deliveries.
[Link] vasectomy and tubectomy with diagram. 5 Marks

Ans:
Vasectomy and tubectomy are permanent methods of contraception and are also known as sterilisation techniques. These
methods are generally advised to male orfemale partner as a terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies. It blocks
gamete transport and thereby prevents conception. In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed and then tied up
through a small incision on the scrotum whereasin tubectomy a small part of the fallopian tube is removed and then tied up
through asmall incision in the abdomen or through vagina. These techniques are highly effective but their reversibility is very
poor.

Q310.A large number of married couples the world over are childless. It is shocking to know that in India the female partner is often 5 Marks
blamed for the couple being childless.
State any two reasons responsible for the cause of infertility.

Ans: Infertility is caused due to physical abnormality in reproductive system, congenital, immunological or psychological problems.
[Link] is commonly observed that parents feel embarrassed to discuss freely with their adolescent children about sexuality and 4 Marks
reproduction. The result of this parental inhibition is that the children go astray sometimes.
1. Explain the reasons that you feel are behind such embarrassment amongst some parents to freely discuss such issues with
their growing children.
2. By taking one example of a local plant and animal, how would you help these parents to overcome such inhibitions about
reproduction and sexuality?

Ans: 1. Illiteracy/conservative attitude/misconceptions/social myths.

2. If a student gives the clarity of the concept of reproduction and sexuality by taking any example of a plant and an animal with
respect to reproductive organs, gamete formation, fertilisation, sexual behaviour etc.
[Link] and Child Healthcare (RCH) programmes are currently in operation. One of the major tasks of these programmes is 4 Marks
to create awareness amongst people about the wide range of reproduction related aspects. As this is important and essential for
building a reproductively healthy society.
1. “Providing sex education in schools is one of the ways to meet this goal.” Give four points in support of your opinion
regarding this statement.
2. List any two ‘indicators’ that indicate a reproductively healthy society.

Ans: 1.
Provide right information to the young so as to discourage children from believing in myths and misconception about sex-
related aspects.
Proper information about reproductive organs.
Proper information about adolescence and related changes.
Safe, hygienic practices.
STDs/AIDS.
Available birth control options.
Care of pregnant mothers.
Postnatal care.
Importance of breastfeeding.
Equal opportunities for male and female child.
Awareness of problems due uncontrolled population growth.
Sex abuse.
Sex-related crimes.
2. Better awareness about sex related matters/increase number of assisted deliveries/better postnatal care/decrease in IMR
(Infant Mortality Rate)/decrease MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate)/increase number of couples with small families/better
detection and cure of STDs/overall increased medical facilities for sex related problems/total well-being in all aspects of
reproduction/physical - behavioural – social/physically and functionally normal reproductive organs/normal emotional and
behavioural interaction among all sex-related aspects.
[Link] school has been selected by the Department of Education to organise and host an interschool seminar on "Reproductive 4 Marks
Health - Problems and Practices". However, many parents are reluctant to permit their wards to attend it. Their argument is that
the topic is "too embarrassing."
Put forth four arguments with appropriate reasons and explanation to justify the topic to be very essential and timely.

Ans: 1. The issue of puberty and adolescence need to be addressed effectively with the respective age group because many changes
take place in the body during adolescence of which they are supposed to be aware of.
2. To bring in awareness about their reproductive health and its effect on their physical, emotional and social being.
3. To address the increase in sex abuse and sex crimes in our country.
4. Myths and misconceptions related to reproductive issues.
Q314.A large number of married couples the world over are childless. It is shocking to know that in India the female partner is often 4 Marks
blamed for the couple being childless.
1. Why in your opinion the female partner is often blamed for such situations in India? Mention any two values that you as a
biology student can promote to check this social evil.
2. State any two reasons responsible for the cause of infertility.
3. Suggest a technique that can help the couple to have a child where the problem is with the male partner.

Ans: 1. Female partner is blamed due to social mind set/inequality of sexes/lack of awareness/male dominated society.
Awareness to be created that abnormality can occur in both male and females and infertility issues with suitable examples.
Mutual respect towards both the partners in case of the problem and to find the remedy from medical experts instead of
visiting quacks.
Educate them to find the reason and not believe in superstitions.
2. Physical (abnormality in reproductive system), congenital, immunological or psychological.
3. Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)/artificial insemination (AI)/Intra uterine insemination (IUI).
[Link] some methods to assist infertile couples to have children. 4 Marks

Ans: Some methods to assist infertile couples to have children are:

Test tube baby programme:
The ova from the wife/ donor (female) and sperms from the husband/ donor (male) are collected and are induced to form
zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory. Then, zygote produced is then transferred into the fallopian tube of a
normal female.
Gamete Intra fallopian transfer (GIFT):
Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce ova, but can provide
suitable environment for fertilisation.
Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI):
A sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
Artificial insemination (Al):
The semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus
of the female.
[Link] and Child Healthcare (RCH) programmes are currently in operation. One of the major tasks of these programmes is 4 Marks
to create awareness amongst people about the wide range of reproduction related aspects. As this is important and essential for
building a reproductively healthy society.
1. 'Providing sex education in schools is one of the way to meet this goal'. Give four points in support of your opinion
regarding this statement.
2. List any two 'indicators' that indicate a reproductively healthy society.

Ans: 1.
1. Introducing sex education in schools is a good step for providing right information to the adolescents so as to discourage them
from believing in myths and misconceptions about sex-related issues.
2. Better awareness about sex-related matters.
3. Better detection and cure of STDs.
4. Awareness of problems due to uncontrolled population growth.
2.
1. Increased number of medically assisted deliveries and better post-natal care leading to decreased maternal and infant
mortality rates.
2. Awareness of problems due to uncontrolled population growth, social evils like sex abuse and sex-related crimes, etc. should
be created to enable people to think and take up necessary steps to prevent them.
[Link] parents wrote a complaint letter to the local municipality to remove all the hoardings in the city, advertising the use of 4 Marks
condoms and matters relating to AIDS prevention. The children of these parents came to know about the matter and raised their
voice against removal of the hoardings. The parents were convinced by the awareness level of their children and withdrew the
complaint.
1. Parents considered the hoarding as inappropriate. Do you agree/ disagree with their view?
2. What are the methods by which AIDS spreads?
3. What is AIDS?
4. What values are promoted by the children protesting against their parents?

Ans: 1. We disagree. Since, the awareness among people has not reached to the extent where everyone knows how and what causes
AIDS, therefore, forceful and constant reminding is always required. Also, the number of AIDS cases are increasing too fast. So,
 awareness is necessary.
2. Some methods by which AIDS spreads are:
1. Unprotected sexual contact.
2. Use of contaminated needles and syringes.
3. Use of contaminated razors or other instruments used for piercing body parts, e.g. pinna.
4. Transfusion of infected blood or blood products.
5. From affected mother to her foetus.
3. AIDS is Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is a type of STD caused by HIV.
4. Sense of understanding towards AIDS application of knowledge in life, national responsibility and commitment towards
society.
[Link]. Sharma was eager to know the sex of the foetus, which her daughter-in-law was carrying. She was so anxious that she 4 Marks
could pay any amount for that. The doctor refused to disclose the result of the test.
1. How can one know the sex of the foetus?
2. Why is disclosing the sex of the foetus banned in our country?
3. What value do you learn from the doctor's act?

Ans: 1. One can know the sex of the foetus by amniocentesis.

2. Disclosing the sex of the foetus is banned in our country because in the past, there have been numerous cases, where the
female foetus has been aborted. This discrimination for the girl child is considered a crime. The number of females to males
ratio is thereby reduced.
3. The doctor is devoted to his duties and has professional and moral ethics.
[Link] world population day, Rohit and his friends arranged an awareness campaign on population explosion programme in their 4 Marks
locality. Some elderly people tried to stop the children and asked them not to talk on such things in public. The children
convinced the elders about the need for the programme and on understanding their point of view, the elders also joined the
campaign.
1. Why is such awareness programme necessary?
2. What role has the government played in controlling population explosion?
3. When were reproductive health programmes initiated in India?
4. What values did Rohit and his friends show on the occasion?

Ans: 1. To understand the problem faced by the family and the nation due to increasing population and the benefits of having a small
family.
2. Role of government in controlling population explosion are:
1. Creating public awareness through mass media.
2. Education at all levels.
3. Family planning.
4. Increasing marriageable age (18 for girls and 21 for boys).
3. In India, these programmes called 'family planning' were initiated in 1951.
4. Rohit and his friends showed understanding about the problem of population explosion, team work and motivational
capacity.
[Link] the following statements: 4 Marks
1. Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
2. All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
3. Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
4. In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.

Ans: 1. Surgical methods of contraception prevent the flow of gamete during intercourse.
2. All sexually transmitted diseases are not completely curable.
3. Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the urban women.
4. In E.T. technique, 8 celled embryos are transferred into the fallopian tube while more than 8 celled embryos are transferred
into the uterus.
[Link] a visit to Vaishno Devi, Rahul came across a young couple staying in the adjacent room in the hotel. He learnt that the 4 Marks
couple had been visiting different temples and performing rituals to get a child. Rahul was astonished and explained to them
about ART which he had recently studied in their wrong approach and thanked Rahul.
1. What is ART? What are the various methods included in ART?
2. What are the limitations for which ART is not commonly accepted?
3. Identify the values which Rahul showed.

Ans: 1. Assisted reproductive technology. Various methods included in ARTs are:

1. Test tube baby programme which includes IVF and zygote or embryo transfer.
2. Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer.
3. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

2. Limitations of ARTs are as follows:

1. These techniques require extremely high precision handling by specialised professionals and expensive instrumentation.
Therefore, these facilities are presently available only in a very few centres in the country.
2. Emotional, religious and social factors are also barriers in the adoption of these methods.
3. Sympathetic attitude with alertness and practical approach.
[Link] school has been selected by the Department of Education to organise and host an interschool seminar on 'Reproductive 4 Marks
Health-Problems and Practices'. However, many parents are reluctant to permit their wards to attend it. Their argument is that
the topic is 'too embarrassing'. Put forth four arguments with appropriate reasons and explanations to justify the topic to be
very essential and timely.

Ans: The arguments that can be put forward to justify the topic are:
1. Reduce misconceptions and increase accurate knowledge Students have various wrong and inaccurate information about sex-
related and pubertal issues. Accurate knowledge will help them cope up with their bodily changes and hormonal effects
easily.
2. Clarify and strengthen positive values and attitudes It is only through healthy discussions that students can realise that
women are not the weaker sex because of their body structure. Such discussions will inculcate feeling of equality amongst
both sexes.
3. Increase communication with parents or other trusted elders These seminars open up students to consult their elders in case
of confusion and doubt. It will make them understand that reproduction is a normal phenomenon and there is nothing
inappropriate in discussing about it with elders.
4. Increase the skills and thinking needed to make informed decisions and act upon them Out of curiosity, students are often
seen getting involved in drug use, unhygienic and unsafe sexual activities, etc. increasing the risk of STDs and other diseases.
Making them well-informed through such seminars will help them to take correct decisions.
Q323.A large number of married couples the world over are childless. It is shocking to know that in India the female partner is often 4 Marks
blamed for the couple being childless.
1. Why in your opinion the female partner is often blamed for such situations in India? Mention any two values that you as a
biology student can promote to check this social evil.
2. State any two reasons responsible for the cause of infertility.
3. Suggest a technique that can help the couple to have a child where the problem is with the male partner.

Ans: 1. In India, because of illiteracy, the females are blamed to give birth to female child. As a biology students one can explain the
phenomenon of sex-determination in human to the couple.
Values:
1. Awareness to be created that abnormality can occur in both males and females and about infertility issues.
2. Mutual respect towards both the partners in case of the problem and to find the remedy from medical experts instead of
visiting religious places.
2. Causes of infertility could be:
1. Sexually transmitted diseases both in males and females.
2. Some physiological problems in females/ males so, gametes (sperm/ ova) are not produced.
3. Artificial Inseminatin (AI), can be used if there is problem in male partner.
Q324. 1. Explain the mode of action of Cu++ releasing IUDs as a good contraceptive. How is hormone releasing IUD different from it? 3 Marks
2. Why is ‘Saheli’ a preferred contraceptive by women (any two reasons)?

Ans: 1. Cu++ releasing IUDs: Suppress sperm motility/ suppress the fertilizing capacity of sperms.
Hormone releasing IUDs: Make the uterus unsuitable for implantation/ the cervix hostile to the sperms.
2. It is a ‘once a week’ pill/ oral contraceptive/ with very few side effects/ high contraceptive value/ non-steroidal/ easy to use/
not expensive.
Q325.A number of passengers were severely burnt beyond recognition during a train accident. Name and describe a modern 3 Marks
technique that can help hand over the dead to their relatives.

Ans: DNA fingerprinting

Isolation of DNA and digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases, separation of DNA fragments by (gel) electrophoresis and
transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membrane or nitrocellulose or nylon, hybridization
using VNTR probe and detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography, matching the banding pattern so obtained
with that of relative.
[Link] are often blamed for producing female children. Consequently, they are ill treated and ostracised. How will you address 3 Marks
this issue scientifically if you were to conduct an awareness programme to highlight the values involved?

Ans:
Male produces two types of sperms (X & Y type in the ratio 1: 1), Female produces only one type of ovum (X-type), hence the sex
of baby is determined by the type of sperm fertilising the ovum, therefore, women should not be blamed// A genetic cross
showing sex determination in human beings covering above value points can be considered in lieu of the explanation.
Sensitivity towards community/Social Awareness/Self-discipline/Responsible behaviour/Leadership quality/Caring
attitude/Responsible attitude towards society/Concern for others/Sharing of knowledge or information/Presence of Mind/Being
proactive.
Q327.A woman has certain queries as listed below, before starting with contraceptives pills. Answer them. 3 Marks
1. What do contraceptive pills contain and how do they act as contraceptives?
2. What schedule should be followed for taking these pills?

Ans: 1. progesterone/progesterone-estrogen combination; inhibit ovulation, inhibit implantation, alter quality of cervical mucus to
prevent or retard entry of sperms.
2. Taken daily for a period of 21 days starting within first five days of menstrual cycle (to be repeated after a gap of 7 days)
[Link] implementation of better techniques and new strategies are required to provide more efficient care and assistance to people, 3 Marks
then why is there a statutory ban on amniocentesis? Write the use of this technique and give reason to justify.

Ans: To legally check female foeticide/Misuse of sex determination technique.

To detect the abnormal chromosomes/genetic disorder.
Justify: Prevent (female foeticide) change in sex ratio of the population.