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QUIZ 1 1 It is an envelop of gas around
Earth 2 Most abundant green house gas
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Water at/above surface of the It is the study of water and
3 Water below surface of the Earth 4 Earth 5 atmosphere
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Deals with the storage,
Atmospheric water is also called Biggest component of clean dry
6 as ____ 7 distribution and flow of the 8 air
waters of the Earth
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Our main source of water used
9 97.5% of Earth’s water is _____ 10 for drinking, household and WEATHER AND
other purposes is _____ CLIMATE
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Atmospheric conditions:
Solar radiation
Weather – condition of the atmosphere
at a particular place over a short period of Evaporation
time (Ex: sunny, rainy, windy)c
FACTORS Cloud cover or State of the sky Energy emitted by the sun
AFFECTING SOLAR
DEFINITION Climate – refers to the weather pattern Temperature Determines weather and climate
WEATHER RADIATION
of a place over a long period, long enough Humidity Measured using a radiometer
to yield meaningful averages (Ex: hot and AND CLIMATE
Rainfall (precipitation)
humid)
Atmospheric pressure
Wind
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Water vapor – most abundant greenhouse gas in
the atmosphere
Carbon dioxide – burning of fossil fuels
Methane – produces from decaying plant or
animal matter
SOLAR GREENHOUSE Chlorofluorocarbons – used as refrigerant in GREENHOUSE
RADIATION GASES refrigerator and air-conditioning units GASES
Nitrous oxide – also called as laughing gas,
nitrous oxide has been used in surgical and dental
procedures for years because of its anesthetic and
analgesic properties
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Refers to the fraction of the sky obscured
by clouds when observed from a
Amount of water that is returned to air
CLOUD particular location CLOUD
from liquid to gaseous state COVER/ COVER/
EVAPORATION OKTAS is the usual unit of measurement
STATE OF THE of the cloud cover (0-8 OKTAS) STATE OF THE
Measured using an evaporation pan
SKY SKY
0 oktas means clear, 8 oktas means the
sky is completely covered
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Water vapor content of the atmosphere
Indicates likelihood of precipitation, dew or fog
Response to solar radiation Relative humidity – expressed as percent,
measures current absolute humidity relative to
Terms: MAX, MIN, MEAN, NORMAL maximum (highest point) for that temperature Amount of water that is released from
RAINFALL/ the atmosphere
TEMPERATURE Measured using a thermometer HUMIDITY Specific humidity – ratio of water vapor content
of mixture to total air content on mass basis
PRECIPITATION
Common units are degree Celsius, Measured in mm by using a rain gauge
Farenheit, Kelvin, Rankine Absolute humidity – water content of air
expressed in gram per cubic meter
Amount of humidity in % is measured by
Hygrometer
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Force exerted on a surface by air above it
as gravity pulls it to Earth
Air in motion
Measured using a Barometer
ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE Common values are: WIND
Has magnitude and direction WEATHER
Measured using anemometer and wind
1 atm
101 325 Pa
vane or aero vane INSTRUMENTS
14.7 psi
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CAMPBELL STOKE SUNSHINE RECORDER –
continuous record of bright sun shine hour is
CAMPBELL obtained by sunshine recorder; consists of a
spherical glass mounted on a stand. When the
STOKE SOLAR sun rays fall on the glass, a strip of prepared RADIOMETER
SUNSHINE RADIATION paper held in a grove at the focus length starts
RECORDER burning
RADIOMETER – device used for measuring
radiant flux of electromagnetic radiation
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STEVENSON SCREEN – a shelter for
thermometer, hydrometer and other
instruments used in measuring temperature
and humidity
STEVENSON MIN AND MAX
TEMPERATURE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM THERMOMETER
– consists of two horizontally placed
SCREEN THERMOMETER
thermometers. One records the minimum
temperature of the day and the other records
the maximum temperature of the day
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SLING PSYCHROMETER – instrument
is swung freely in the air or is aerated by a
fan, the loss of heat required to evaporate
water from the wet bulb will cause it to show
lower temperature reading
SLING
HUMIDITY PSYCHROMETER HYGROMETER
HYGROMETER – this device use a human or
animal hair under tension. Hair is hygroscopic,
its length changes with humidity and the
length change may be magnified by a
mechanism and indicated on a dial or scale.
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BAROMETER – used to measure atmospheric
pressure, instantaneously
PRESSURE BAROMETER BAROGRAPH
BAROGRAPH – recording minute fluctuation
of atmospheric pressure
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AERO VANE - indicates both the wind direction
and wind speed or simply the wind velocity. It is
shaped like an airplane. The nose of the plane
points to the direction from which the wind
blows and the rotation of the propeller
WIND measures the wind speed. AERO VANE ANEMOMETER
ANEMOMETER - used for the measurement of
wind speed. Either three or four metal
hemispheres are mounted on arms which
rotate freely about a vertical axis.
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• RAINGAUGE - is a device used for measuring the
amount of rainfall. It is 8 in. in diameter. The rainfall
collected is being measured with the use of a dipstick
with a measurement on it. TIPPING
• TIPPING BUCKET RECORDER AND RAIN GAUGE - BUCKET
rainfall entering the funnel collector is directed to the
RAINFALL tipping bucket assembly. When the incremental RAINGAUGE RECORDER
amount of precipitation has been collected, the AND RAIN
buckets assembly tips and activates a magnetic reed
switch. The sample is discharged through the base of GAUGE
the gauge.
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EVAPORATION PAN - is a device which
measures the amount of water evaporated in
certain time from a surface. It consists of a
round reservoir with a diameter of 47.5 inches EVAPORATION
EVAPORATION and depth of ten inches. The tank is filled with PAN
water up to two and half inches from the top.
The decrease by noting the level of water with
the help of a vernier scale
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