Teaching writing
Strategies to encourages writing :
Stick posters or positive messages
Have a mail box
Make Ss write postcards
Make ‘‘word snakes’’ for new vocabulary
Complete cartoon strips
Make Ss fill in soundless filmstips
Stages:
Pre-writing While writing Post writing
Understanding the topic Outlining Correcting
Purpose/ audience Gap filling Proof reading
Generating ideas/ Revising Sharing
brainstorming Writing drafts Deleting stuff
Focusing ideas/ mind Ordering Comparing
mapping Self- editing Peer feedback
Expanding Publishing
Once Ss are ready to write, they need clear instructions and resources to
complete the next step.
Assessment:
How should we correct writing:
1. Traditional method: Ts cross Ss mistakes and give
grades. By doing so, Ts expect Ss too look over the
correction and hope they won’t make them again.
2. Alternative method: There different types such as :
-Selective correction: T focuses or selects 2 areas of correction.
-Signposting: T indicates to Ss where the mistakes is, then give
them responsibility to correct their mistakes.
-Self correction
-Peer correction
- Whole class correction
-Remedial teaching
-Correction codes
Strategies to use in(Pre, while and post writing):
Pre-writing: Use any type of activity that encourages
learners to write: brainstorming, free writing, mind
mapping, listing, outlining, wh question, quick writing…
While-writing: Once Ss are ready to write, they need clear
instructions and resources. Ss should be allowed to use
notes they generated from the pre-writing tasks: drafting,
proofreading, revision, editing, heuristic questions,
ordering, expanding….
Post-writing: When Ss finish their fist draft: self-
evaluation, publishing, select common mistakes, polishing
peer evaluation, record if possible…
Difference between cohesion and coherence
Coherence Cohesion
It is the connectedness of a text It is the relationship between
as a whole. If a text is coherent grammar and words within a text
it makes sense and is logical or a sentence. It can be defined as
and consistent. the glue that holds pieces of the
text together and give these
pieces meaning. Although
cohesion contributes to
coherence, it does not ensure it.
Writing styles and genres:
Argumentative/ Persuasive:
Argumentative Persuasive
-Attempts to convince the readers to -Attempts to convince the readers
accept the writer’s ideas as true by to agree with the writer by using
using statistics, facts, and figures. emotions, personal opinion and
-Based on logic and reason ideas.
-Acknowledges opposing views -Based on emotions and feelings
-Appeals to the minds of the readers -May not acknowledge opposing
-Writers need to do a thorough views
research before starting. -Appeals to the heart of the
-Writers do not need to have readers
knowledge about the audience. -Writers can write without doing
much research
-Writer should have certain
knowledge about the audience.
Other writing genres:
Expository Descriptive Narrative
-Sets facts. You can find it in -Evokes images through -Tells a story. It can be
textbooks, business writing, rich description. You can found in fiction, poetry,
technical writing, essays and find it in fiction, poetry, biographies, stories and
instructions. journal, writing and anecdotes.
-It seeks to inform, explain, advertising. -Its purpose is to
clarify, define or instruct. -It’s like painting a picture entertain
-It includes thesis statement with words -Use of past tenses
and controlling ideas. -It describes places, -The elements of a
people, feelings and narrative style, setting,
events. character, plot, conflict,
-Uses adjectives and climax, resolution.
figurative language.