1 Which of the following process helps in Image enhancement?

a) Digital Image Processing

b) Analog Image Processing
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Explanation: The process of digitally modifying a stored image with software is known as image enhancement.

2. Among the following, functions that can be performed by digital image processing is?
a) Fast image storage and retrieval
b) Controlled viewing
c) Image reformatting
d) All of the above

Explanation: Functions that can be performed by digital image processing are:

1. Image reconstruction
2. Image reformatting
3. Dynamic range image data acquisition
4. Image processing
5. Fast image storage and retrieval
6. Fast and high-quality image distribution
7. Controlled viewing
8. Image analysis

3. Which of the following is an example of Digital Image Processing?

a) Computer Graphics
b) Pixels
c) Camera Mechanism
d) All of the mentione
Explanation: Digital Image Processing is a type of image processing software. Computer graphics, signals, photography, camera mechanisms,
pixels, etc are examples.

4. What are the categories of digital image processing?

a) Image Enhancement
b) Image Classification and Analysis
c) Image Transformation
d) All of the mentioned
Explanation: Digital image processing is categorized into:
i. Preprocessing
ii. Image Enhancement
iii. Image Transformation
iv. Image Classification and Analysis

6. How does picture formation in the eye vary from image formation in a camera?
a) Fixed focal length
b) Varying distance between lens and imaging plane
c) No difference
d) Variable focal length
Explanation: The ciliary body’s fibers change the curvature of the lens, changing its focal length.

7. What are the names of the various colour image processing categories?
a) Pseudo-color and Multi-color processing
b) Half-color and pseudo-color processing
c) Full-color and pseudo-color processing
d) Half-color and full-color processing
Explanation: Full-color and pseudo-color processing are the two main types of colour picture processing. The photographs in the first category were
captured with a full-color sensor, such as a colour TV or a colour scanner. In the second category, attributing a colour to a certain monochromatic
intensity or range of intensities is a challenge.

8. Which characteristics are taken together in chromaticity?

a) Hue and Saturation
b) Hue and Brightness
c) Saturation, Hue, and Brightness
d) Saturation and Brightness
Explanation: The combination of hue and saturation is known as chromaticity, and a color’s brightness and chromaticity can be used to describe it.

9. Which of the following statement describe the term pixel depth?

a) It is the number of units used to represent each pixel in RGB space
b) It is the number of mm used to represent each pixel in RGB space
c) It is the number of bytes used to represent each pixel in RGB space
d) It is the number of bits used to represent each pixel in RGB space
Explanation: The RGB color model represents images as three-component images, one for each primary color. These three images mix on the
phosphor screen to generate a composite color image when input into an RGB display. The pixel depth refers to the number of bits required to
represent each pixel in RGB space.

10. The aliasing effect on an image can be reduced using which of the following methods?
a) By reducing the high-frequency components of image by clarifying the image
b) By increasing the high-frequency components of image by clarifying the image
c) By increasing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the image
d) By reducing the high-frequency components of image by blurring the image
Explanation: By adding additional frequency components to the sampled function, aliasing corrupts the sampled image. As a result, the most
common method for decreasing aliasing effects on an image is to blur the image prior to sampling to lower its high-frequency components.
11. Which of the following is the first and foremost step in Image Processing?
a) Image acquisition
b) Segmentation
c) Image enhancement
d) Image restoration
Explanation: The initial step in image processing is image acquisition. It’s worth noting that acquisition might be as simple as being provided a
digital image. Preprocessing, such as scaling, is usually done during the image acquisition stage.

12. Which of the following image processing approaches is the fastest, most accurate, and flexible?
a) Photographic
b) Electronic
c) Digital
d) Optical
Explanation: Because it is fast, accurate, and dependable, digital image processing is a more versatile and agile technology.

13. Which of the following is the next step in image processing after compression?
a) Representation and description
b) Morphological processing
c) Segmentation
d) Wavelets
Explanation: Steps in image processing:
Step 1: Image acquisition
Step 2: Image enhancement
Step 3: Image restoration
Step 4: Color image processing
Step 5: Wavelets and multi-resolution processing
Step 6: Compression
Step 7: Morphological processing
Step 8: Segmentation
Step 9: Representation & description
Step 10: Object recognition

14. ___________ determines the quality of a digital image.

a) The discrete gray levels
b) The number of samples
c) discrete gray levels & number of samples
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The number of samples and discrete grey levels employed in sampling and quantization determine the quality of a digital image.

15. Image processing involves how many steps?

a) 7
b) 8
c) 13
d) 10
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Steps in image processing:
Step 1: Image acquisition
Step 2: Image enhancement
Step 3: Image restoration
Step 4: Color image processing
Step 5: Wavelets and multi-resolution processing
Step 6: Compression
Step 7: Morphological processing
Step 8: Segmentation
Step 9: Representation & description
Step 10: Object recognition

16. Which of the following is the abbreviation of JPEG?

a) Joint Photographic Experts Group
b) Joint Photographs Expansion Group
c) Joint Photographic Expanded Group
d) Joint Photographic Expansion Group
Explanation: Most computer users are aware of picture compression in the form of image file extensions, such as the jpg file extension used in the
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) image compression standard.

17. Which of the following is the role played by segmentation in image processing?
a) Deals with property in which images are subdivided successively into smaller regions
b) Deals with partitioning an image into its constituent parts or objects
c) Deals with extracting attributes that result in some quantitative information of interest
d) Deals with techniques for reducing the storage required saving an image, or the bandwidth required transmitting it
Explanation: Segmentation is a technique for dividing a picture into its component components or objects. In general, one of the most difficult tasks
in digital image processing is autonomous segmentation. A robust segmentation approach takes the process a long way toward solving image
challenges that need individual object identification.
18. The digitization process, in which the digital image comprises M rows and N columns, necessitates choices for M, N, and the number
of grey levels per pixel, L. M and N must have which of the following values?
a) M have to be positive and N have to be negative integer
b) M have to be negative and N have to be positive integer
c) M and N have to be negative integer
d) M and N have to be positive integer

Explanation: The digitization process, in which the digital image contains M rows and N columns, necessitates choices for M, N, and the maximum
grey level number, L. Further than the fact that M and N must be positive integers, there are no other constraints for M and N.

19. Which of the following tool is used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.?
a) Filters
b) Sampling
c) Interpolation
d) None of the Mentioned

Explanation: The basic tool for zooming, shrinking, rotating, and other operations is interpolation.

20. The effect caused by the use of an insufficient number of intensity levels in smooth areas of a digital image _____________
a) False Contouring
b) Interpolation
c) Gaussian smooth
d) Contouring

Explanation: The ridges resemble the contours of a map, hence the name.

21. What is the procedure done on a digital image to alter the values of its individual pixels known as?
a) Geometric Spacial Transformation
b) Single Pixel Operation
c) Image Registration
d) Neighbourhood Operations

Explanation: It’s written as s=T(z), where z is the intensity, and T is the transformation function.

24. Approaches to image processing that work directly on the pixels of incoming image work in ____________
a) Spatial domain
b) Inverse transformation
c) Transform domain
d) None of the Mentioned

Explanation: In the Spatial Domain, operations on pixels of an input image work directly.

25. Which of the following in an image can be removed by using a smoothing filter?
a) Sharp transitions of brightness levels
b) Sharp transitions of gray levels
c) Smooth transitions of gray levels
d) Smooth transitions of brightness levels
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The value of each pixel in an image is replaced by the average value of the grey levels in a smoothing filter. As a result, the sharp
transitions in grey levels between pixels are reduced. This is done because random noise generally has strong gray-level transitions.

28. Which of the following filter’s responses is based on the pixels ranking?
a) Sharpening filters
b) Nonlinear smoothing filters
c) Geometric mean filter
d) Linear smoothing filters

Explanation: Order static filters are nonlinear smoothing spatial filters that respond by ordering or ranking the pixels in the image area covered by
the filter, and then replacing the value of the central pixel with the result of the ranking.

29. Which of the following illustrates three main types of image enhancing functions?
a) Linear, logarithmic and power law
b) Linear, logarithmic and inverse law
c) Linear, exponential and inverse law
d) Power law, logarithmic and inverse law

Explanation: The three fundamental types of functions used often for picture improvement are shown in an introduction to gray-level
transformations: linear (negative and identity transformations), logarithmic (log and inverse-log transformations), and power-law transformations (nth
power and nth root transformations). The identity function is the simplest situation, in which the output and input intensities are the same. It’s just
included in the graph for completeness’ sake.

30. Which of the following is the primary objective of sharpening of an image?

a) Decrease the brightness of the image
b) Increase the brightness of the image
c) Highlight fine details in the image
d) Blurring the image
Explanation: Sharpening an image aids in highlighting small features in the image or enhancing details that have become blurred owing to factors
such as noise addition.

31. Which of the following operation is done on the pixels in sharpening the image, in the spatial domain?
a) Differentiation
b) Median
c) Integration
d) Average

Explanation: We know that when we blur an image, we produce a pixel average, which might be termed integration. Because sharpening is the
inverse of blurring, we may deduce that we sharpen the image by doing differentiation on the pixels.

32. ________ is the principle objective of Sharpening, to highlight transitions.

a) Brightness
b) Pixel density
c) Composure
d) Intensity

Explanation: Intensity is the main goal of Sharpening, which is to highlight transitions.

33. _________ enhance Image Differentiation?

a) Pixel Density
b) Contours
c) Edges
d) None of the mentioned

Explanation: Edges and other discontinuities are enhanced via image differentiation.

34. Which of the following fact is correct for an image?

a) An image is the multiplication of illumination and reflectance component
b) An image is the subtraction of reflectance component from illumination component
c) An image is the subtraction of illumination component from reflectance component
d) An image is the addition of illumination and reflectance component
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The multiplication of the illumination and reflectance components yields a picture.

36. Which of the following makes an image difficult to enhance?

a) Dynamic range of intensity levels
b) High noise
c) Narrow range of intensity levels
d) All of the mentioned

Explanation: Dynamic range of intensity levels, High noise and Narrow range of intensity levels make it difficult to enhance an image.

38. Which side of the greyscale is the components of the histogram concentrated in a dark image?
a) Medium
b) Low
c) Evenly distributed
d) High

Explanation: We know that in a dark image, the histogram components are largely concentrated on the low, or dark, side of the grey scale.
Similarly, the bright image’s histogram components are biassed toward the high end of the grey scale.

39. Which of the following is the application of Histogram Equalisation?

a) Blurring
b) Contrast adjustment
c) Image enhancement
d) None of the Mentioned

Explanation: Dark images are usually Enhancement using Image enhancement.

40. Which of the following is the expansion of PDF, in uniform PDF?

a) Probability Density Function
b) Previously Derived Function
c) Post Derivation Function
d) Portable Document Format

Explanation: PDF is abbreviated as Probability Density Function.

41. ____________ filter is known as averaging filters.

a) Bandpass
b) Low pass
c) High pass
d) None of the Mentioned

Explanation: Averaging filters are also known as Low pass filters.

42. What is/are the resultant image of a smoothing filter?
a) Image with reduced sharp transitions in gray levels
b) Image with high sharp transitions in gray levels
c) None of the mentioned
d) All of the mentioned
Explanation: Smoothing filters reduce noise in random noise, which features sharp grey level transitions.
43. The response for linear spatial filtering is given by the relationship __________
a) Difference of filter coefficient’s product and corresponding image pixel under filter mask
b) Product of filter coefficient’s product and corresponding image pixel under filter mask
c) Sum of filter coefficient’s product and corresponding image pixel under filter mask
d) None of the mentioned
Explanation: The mask is moved from point to point in spatial filtering, and the response is determined using a predefined relationship at each
place. In linear spatial filtering, the connection is defined as the product of the sum of the filter coefficients and the corresponding picture pixel in the
area beneath the filter mask.

44. ___________ is/are the feature(s) of a highpass filtered image.

a) An overall sharper image
b) Have less gray-level variation in smooth areas
c) Emphasized transitional gray-level details
d) All of the mentioned
Explanation: A highpass filter reduces the low frequency to reduce grey-level variance in smooth sections while allowing high frequencies to
emphasize transitional gray-level details for a clearer image.

45. The filter order of a Butterworth lowpass filter determines whether it is a very sharp or extremely smooth filter function, or an
intermediate filter function. Which of the following filters does the filter approach if the parameter value is very high?
a) Gaussian lowpass filter
b) Ideal lowpass filter
c) Gaussian & Ideal lowpass filters
d) None of the mentioned
Explanation: Butterworth lowpass filter functions like an Ideal lowpass filter at high order values, but it has a smoother form at lower order values,
behaving like a Gaussian lowpass filter.

46. Which of the following image component is characterized by a slow spatial variation?
a) Reflectance and Illumination components
b) Reflectance component
c) Illumination component
d) None of the mentioned
Explanation: The illumination component of an image is characterized by a slow spatial variation.

47. Gamma Correction is defined as __________

a) Light brightness variation
b) A Power-law response phenomenon
c) Inverted Intensity curve
d) None of the Mentioned
Explanation: Gamma Correction is a technique for employing the exponent gamma to correct the response of a Power-law transformation.

48. ____________________ is known as the highlighting the contribution made to total image by specific bits instead of highlighting
intensity-level changes.
a) Bit-plane slicing
b) Intensity Highlighting
c) Byte-Slicing
d) None of the Mentioned
Explanation: It is called Bit-plane slicing.

49. Which gray-level transformation increases the dynamic range of gray-level in the image?
a) Negative transformations
b) Contrast stretching
c) Power-law transformations
d) None of the mentioned
Explanation: The primary principle behind contrast stretching is to increase the dynamic range of gray-levels in an image.

50. What is/are the gray-level slicing approach(es)?

a) To brighten the pixels gray-value of interest and preserve the background
b) To give all gray level of a specific range high value and a low value to all other gray levels
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
Explanation: Gray-level slicing can be done in one of two ways:
One method is to assign a high value to all grey levels in a certain range and a low value to all other grey levels.
The second method is to brighten the pixels with the gray-value of interest while leaving the background alone.