Understanding the Secant Function
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding the Secant Function
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ScribdTranslationsSecant function
The secant function is defined as:
Therefore, properties can be deduced from the cosine function.
The fundamental characteristics of the secant function are as follows:
1) Its domain is R - {π/2 + k·π} with k∈Z .
Its path is R - (-1, 1).
3) Does not intersect the X axis.
It intersects the Y-axis at the point (0, 1).
It is even, that is, symmetric with respect to the Y-axis.
sec (- x) = sec (x)
5) It has infinitely many relative maxima at points of the form (π + 2·k·π, -1) with k∈Z
.
It has infinitely many relative minima at points of the form (2·k·π, 1) with k∈Z.
It is periodic with a period of 2π.
sec (x) = sec (x + 2π)
7) It has vertical asymptotes at the points of the form x = π/2 + k·π with k∈Z.
It is not bounded.
N.D. : Not Defined
Trigonometric Circle
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Trigonometric circle
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Circle
trigonometric.
Also
known as
goniometric, it is
that circle
whose center
coincides with the
origin of
coordinates of the
Cartesian plane
and whose radius measures
the unit. The
circle
trigonometric
it has the advantage of being a practical tool in handling the concepts of
trigonometry, but at the same time it serves as a theoretical support, as it helps to substantiate and
tener una idea precisa y formal de las funciones trigonométricas. Atreves del círculo
The trigonometric value can be obtained manually or analytically as an approximate value of
thetrigonometric reasonsfor a given angle if the following are available
necessary geometric instruments
Se toma como base un circlethe radius = 1 with center at the originplan
cartesianIt is considered aanglearbitrary measured from the expository axis and in
positive sense; that is, in the opposite direction to the hands of the clock;
everythinganglecan be placed (in only one way) so that its vertex
it coincides with the origin of the coordinate system, one of its sides (called the initial side) coincides
with the ray OA and the other side (called the terminal side) being located (from the
initial) in the sweep area in a counterclockwise direction to the hands of the clock
watch
If we rotate the semi-ray =1 counterclockwise,
describe a circle divided into 4 quadrants (I, II, III, IV). Before the
semirrectaOP begins to rotate, coinciding with ray OA, forming aanglede0°.
When the half-line OProta describes aangleα, which reaches its maximum
(describing a complete circle) at 360° (2π measured in radians). In this way, the
terminal side of eachangleintersects at a single point with the [circumference] and
we can associate withangleat that point unequivocally.
Trigonometric reasons
If the ray OP of radius r is rotated to form aangleα, if we project the
PointPhasta on the X,Y axis, two segments are obtained; it is projected on the Y axis.
thesegmentObdenominatedsine of the angleα(Sine α), it projects onto the X axis
the segment OA namedcosine of the angleα(cos α), forming atriangle
rectangleOAP, whose AP side is referred toopposite sideto the angle α, the
sideOAes theadjacent sideto the angle α, while the side OP = rse
denominationhypotenuseFrom the previous right triangle, we can denote the ratios
the following trigonometric functions:
sen α = PA/r
cos α = OA/r
tan α = PA/OA
cot α = OA/PA
Sine of angle α
Starting from theangleandthe ray r is obtained at point P, by drawing
aperpendicularfrom that point and towards the Y-axis, a segment OB is obtained =
What is it calledsine of the angleα (denoted as sinα), also is
determined through reason (PA/r).
Cosine of angle α
Starting fromangleand the ray r gives us the point P, when drawing a
perpendicular from that point to the x-axis gives a segment OA =
BP which is calledcosine of the angleα (denoted as comocosα), it is also
determine through the reason OA/r.
Tangent of angle α
If we draw a ray EC tangent to the circumference at point E, which touches
the ray OD (extension of the ray r) forms the segment EC which is
denominationtangent of the angleα (denoted as cotang α); it is also determined at
through reasonPA/OA.
Cotangent of angle α
If we draw a ray FD, tangent to point F and touching the ray OD, we
form a segmentFD calledCotangent of the angleα (denoted as cotα);
it is also determined by the ratio OA/PA.
Quadrants of the trigonometric circle
If we divide the trigonometric circle into 4 equal parts, the result obtained is
that each consecutive [angle] measures 90° (π/2 radians), each of the obtained parts is
known as quadrants of the trigonometric circle. In each quadrant the
parametersbreast, cosine, tangentycotangentchange their numerical value with it
increase or decrease of angle α, this fact is corroborated by thereasons
trigonometricprevious.
First quadrant
Parameter Sine + Cosine + Tangent + Cotangent +
In the first quadrant (I), as the angle α increases, cos α and cot α decrease.
while the tangent α and the sine α increase, until they reach their maximum or minimum value
a 90° (π/2).
Second quadrant
Parameter SignSine +Cosine - Tangent - Cotangent -
In the second quadrant (II), as the angle α increases, sin α decreases and
the cos α, so they also do tan α and cot α, reaching their minimum value at
180° (π).
Third quadrant
Parámetro SignoSeno -Coseno - Tangente + Cotangente +
In the third quadrant (III), with the increase ofangleα decreases the sine α and the cosine
α, latang α increases its value, while lacot α decreases since (starting from
that sine and cosine are negative and the existing relationship between them) until reaching
its minimum or maximum value at 270° (3π/2).
Fourth quadrant
Parameter SignSine -Cosine + Tangent - Cotangent -
In the fourth quadrant (IV), with the increase ofangleα, decreases the α, while
which increases the cos α so that the cot α increases, while the tan α decreases and
it reaches its maximum and minimum value at 360° (2π).