Dental Instrument Management Guide
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ScribdTranslationsDental Instrument Management Guide
Translated by
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instruments
Taking instruments and support points
Cecilia Martínez Cruz
Ibero-American Technological University
Restorer
BASIC INSTRUMENTAL
In all dental instruments used
they differentiate two parts:
Inactive part or handle: It is that by
that holds the instrument.
Generally rough
to prevent it from slipping, in addition to
improve the understanding.
Management is essential for the
Active part: it is the one that is used effective execution and
for the realization of the function for the efficiency of the treatments
dental.
that the instrument is designed.
They must be well organized in
pre-structured trays.
Instruments can be classified as:
1. Rotary instrument: connected to the
dental unit for its activation by
compressed air.
2. Hand instrument: it is one that does not
is part of the dental team and uses the
dentist doing it with the hand.
It can be subdivided into:
• Rigid instruments. They are those that do not
they have an opening and closing system. For
example, the exploration probe.
• Articulated instruments. They are the ones that
they present a system for opening and closing to
what is called articulation.
BASIC INSTRUMENTAL
EXPLORER: it is used for exploring
all the surfaces of the teeth
ORAL MIRROR: used to examine
and observe the oral cavity.
COTTON TONGS: It is used for
manipulate the roll cottons
BASIC INSTRUMENTAL
PERIODONTAL PROBE:
Measuring instrument that is
graduated from 1 to 10 mm and is useful
to probe or examine the gum
Spoon: excavator that serves
to clean and excavate the
surfaces of the teeth.
Handpieces
Es la parte del equipo dental a la cual se fijan los instrumentos cortantes
rotating, they can rotate at different speeds depending on the use they are put to
let's go give.
Handpieces can be classified according to their speed range:
Low speed (600 to 1,200 Revolutions per minute), to prepare a
endodontic canal to receive a post.
•Low-speed media (3,000 RPM) to eliminate caries close to the pulp
dental.
•Medium speed (20,000 to 40,000 R.P.M), for wearing out a provisional of
acrylic.
High speed (200,000 to 450,000 R.P.M), to prepare a tooth that is going to
to receive a fixed prosthesis, e.g.: metal-ceramic crown.
LOW SPEED PART
It offers the possibility to work at a right angle or at an angled position.
The straight form: useful for performing work outside the oral cavity
Angled part: allows for comfortable work inside the mouth.
Rotary instruments range from the straight piece to the contra-
angled, the straight part uses longer milling cutters and are fixed
by friction; those used in contra-angle are shorter and in the
the opposite end of the active part has a slot for the system
of click or latch fixation.
HIGH-SPEED PART
It is inserted into the axis of
rotor or turbine.
The turbines can rotate
with a very varied range
of speed,
approximately from
200,000 to 450,000 RM.
These levels of
speed are
accompanied by very
under torque, that is to say
they slow down a lot
ease.
This forces work for
strokes or brushstrokes.
HIGH-SPEED PART
They generate a level of vibration, which is well tolerated by the patient. They require
water spray cooling to avoid overheating the hard tissues that
they are cutting.
These handheld tools can be pneumatic or electric, and they can also
to have integrated fiber optics for better lighting in the area of
working in the molar area.
BASIC MATERIALS
BURS: rotary instruments
cutters which are placed
to the hand pieces, in order to
to cause wear to the fabrics
dental, prepare cavities or
prepare pillars for fixed prosthesis
SHAPES: round, inverted cone,
["Cylindrical","truncated cone","flame","lentil"]
MATERIALES:acero, carburo,
tungsten, diamond, etc.
PARTS OF THE STRAWBERRY:
Active part
Neck
Body or stem
Adequate dimensions to achieve the
appropriate adjustment of the handpiece
They must be concentric to reduce the
possibility of instrument fracture
Corrosion resistant
Maximum cutting efficiency and minimum
heat generation
In the diamond strawberries, the particles
They must be sharp and distributed in such a way
way that allows the escape of the
waste from the removed substrate
The carbide burrs have an angle of
negative cut
SUPPORT POINTS IN DENTAL WORK
For a cutting instrument, whether manual or rotary, to act on the tooth effectively and safely for the
Soft tissues require a good support point. The conditions are as follows:
This must be dry, free from moisture or saliva.
A tooth covered by the rubber dam should not be used, as it will not provide stability.
It must be a firm tooth, without mobility, located in the same arch.
4. When using manual cutting instruments, the support is generally on the same tooth being cut.
5. When using a low-speed angle handpiece, that point should be positioned as close as possible to the organ that is
cut.
6. When using high-speed handpieces that require light cutting pressures, it may be more
away from the tooth that is cut.
7. In case of need, an organ from the opposing arch can be used, but paying close attention to the
movements of mouth closure or opening, therefore, modify the lever arm.
If there are no other teeth in the arch, a bone point in the maxilla or mandible that is being intervened will be sought.
9. Such supports on soft tissues or on the skin of the face are very unstable and should only be used in a manner
exceptional, for mirror support or auxiliary maneuvers.
10. In the absence of intraoral support points, a firm position of the arms closely to the body allows for
certain operational maneuvers, if the proper precautions are taken.
11. The fingers that provide support for the instrument will be the ones that the operator masters best, according to their characteristics.
individuals. The middle finger or the ring finger are the most commonly used. Sometimes, two fingers can be used to achieve this.
12. In difficult cases, the fingers of the other hand, firmly resting on the tooth or bone, can serve as support for
the active hand.
In the palmar grip, the thumb directs the instrument and provides support.
The handling and grasping of instruments in operative techniques
dental varies depending on whether it is examination instruments, instrument
hand cutter or rotary at conventional or medium speed,
rotary instrument at high or super high or auxiliary instrument for
fillings or occlusion adjustments.
SUPPORT POINTS AT:
ORAL MIRROR
The mirror is used for three main functions:
1.- illuminate the tooth where you are going to work by reflecting the light
2.- Reflect the tooth to observe it indirectly.
3.- Separate the cheek, the lips, or the tongue.
For the functions of illuminating and reflecting, the mirror is taken as a
pencil, searching for the support point on neighboring teeth, while
to separate, one must overcome the patient's muscular resistance and
However, the necessary dental support is not achieved, so the mirror is
supported by the muscular tension of the operator's forearm.
EXPLORER, THE ROD AND THE CLAMP OF
COTTON
The explorer, the probe, and the cotton clamp with a light pencil grip and dot of
preferentially dental support, although it can be muscular.
HAND OR ROTARY CUTTING INSTRUMENT
The hand cutting instruments or low-speed rotary tools require a strong pen grip.
holding the active part to make the most of digital strength, without losing the delicacies that
operational maneuvers are required. When using the palmar or digitopalmar grip, it is used
Fundamentally the force. It is advisable to guide the active part of the instrument with one or two fingers.
on the other hand. In the case of high-speed or super-high-speed rotary instruments, the operator
The experienced can use contra-angles and turbines to print the cut of the characteristics of
"stroke" required for this type of
Finger Position:
Pen Grip: Soft and delicate but firm, it is
can be divided into light or very strong grip. The finger
the thumb exerts pressure on the instrument, the fingers
middle and ring seek the support points.
Modified pen grip.
The instrument is held near its active part to
able to slide it up and down, e.g.: curetas of
periodontology, files etc.
Light pen grip.
To carry out delicate maneuvers or those that mean
risks for the patient. The fingers hold the
instrument with minimal muscle tone, e.g:
Mirror support, use of a brush or handling of the
high-speed part.
Strong grip of the pen.
Handle handheld cutting instruments, which require
quite a bit of strength in its actions.
It should be taken as close as possible to its active part with a
fulcrum.
Takepalm.
When the maximum force is exerted, the instrument
it is held against the palm of the hand by the
fingertips of the long fingers while the thumb remains
free to direct the active tip and seek support
(maxilla, anterior teeth)
Application form for the instruments.
Direct method: Seeing the teeth and the cavity at a glance
view, without using a mouth mirror*.
Indirect form: Seeing the tooth and the cavity through
from the mouth mirror. (flat, without spots or stripes).
[Link] isolation.
The assistant presents the rubber already placed in its bow,
perforated and with the previously selected clamp (fig.
12-31)
The assistant reaches the entire set with its two
hands
Transfer of instruments.
It is advisable to split the hand
left in two
units; One of them
composed of fingers
index, thumb and middle,
will use to give
instruments; the second
composed of ring and
little finger will receive the
instrumental back.
It is recommended to work only with the required strength.
to prevent the instruments from moving or slipping,
avoiding excessive pressures even for short periods.
The constant force of the fingers during the
pinch movement and extreme bending of the
dolls can trigger this syndrome.
Barrancos Mononey Julio,P.
Barrancos Dental Operation
clinical integration", 2006, 4th ed.
Care and maintenance of
instrumental.
Manual or mechanical cleaning:
Always use suitable cleaning products.
Observe the manufacturer's instructions without fail:
Concentration, temperature.
For manual cleaning, only brushes should be used.
made of nylon! Clean the hollow spaces (e.g. strawberries
hollow) with special care.