Spectral Modal Dynamic Method Explained
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ScribdTranslationsSpectral Modal Dynamic Method Explained
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsSPECTRAL MODAL DYNAMIC METHOD
Principle of the method:
This method is mainly used for the calculation of structures with a complex configuration and for
for which the equivalent static method is not applicable (non-compliance with
conditions §4.1.2) page 24.
The seismic force (shear force at the base) determined by a dynamic method must be
at least equal to 80% of that calculated by the equivalent static method. The method
the dynamics used is called: Modal Spectral Method.
By this method, the maximum effects are sought for each mode of vibration.
generated in the structure by seismic forces represented by a response spectrum of
Calculation. These effects are then combined to obtain the response of the structure.
Calculation assumptions
The masses are assumed to be concentrated at the floor level.
Only the horizontal movements of the nodes are taken into account.
The floors and foundations must be rigid in their planes (in relation to the
horizontal movements
Response spectrum of calculation
where ξ (%) is the percentage of critical damping see Table 4.2
A: acceleration coefficient of the area see Table 4.1
η : Damping correction factor when the damping is different from 5%
Q: quality factor see Table 4.4
R: behavior coefficient see Table 4.3
T 1,T2characteristic period, associated with the site category and provided by Table 4.7
RPA
Number of modes to consider:
For structures represented by plan models in two orthogonal directions, the
number of modes of vibration to remember in each of the two directions the excitation must be
such as:
the sum of the effective modal masses for the retained modes should be equal to 90%
less than the total mass of the structure.
Where all modes with an effective modal mass greater than 5% of the mass
total structure be retained for the determination of the total response of the
structure.
- The minimum number of modes to retain is three in each considered direction.
In the event that the conditions described above cannot be met due to
the important influence of twisting modes, the minimum number of mode K to retain must be
tel que : k≥3 √ et T ≤ 0.20
K secoù N est le nombre de niveau au dessus du sol etTla K
period of mode K. See RPA99/version2003 (article 4.3.4 -a)
Calculation procedure
1) Determination of the dynamic characteristics of the structure
|[ ] − 2 [ ]|= 0
with :
K : stiffness matrix
M : mass matrix
The solution to this equation provides the values of the frequencies. related to the 'n' modes of
vibration.
At each proper pulsation corresponds to a proper form such as:
([ ] − [ ])
2) Determination of the modal participation coefficient of mode i
2
∑k=1 1
= 2∑
∑ =1 k=1
3) Calculation of the distribution coefficient for each mode K
∑k=1
= 2
∑ =1
4) Evaluation of the seismic force applied at level k for mode i
i : mode
k : level
weight of level k
Resultant of calculated seismic forces:
Determination of the seismic resultant at level k
a) The responses of two modes of vibration i and ji withj periods T and T and damping
ξ andξ are considered independent if the ratio r = T / T(T≤ Tj )
i j i j i R
check: r≤ 10 / 10 +ξ . ξ i j
2
So = ∑ =1
With
i : mode
k: floor
b) case where one mode is predominant:
= ∑i=1 | |
c) One can also determine the seismic force applied at the base for a mode i
∑
= =1
Remark
The resultant of the seismic forces at the base Vdyn obtained by combining the values
modal must not be less than 80% of the resultant seismic forces determined
by the equivalent static method V for a given value of the fundamental period
the appropriate empirical formula. If Vdyn < 0.80 V, all parameters will need to be increased
of the response (forces, displacements, moments,...) in the report 0.8 V/ V dyn
Calculation of Displacement:
The horizontal displacement at each level 'k' of the structure is given by:
δ k = R× one
δ
δ:one displacement due to seismic forces (including the torsional effect).
R: behavior coefficient.
Inter-floor movement:
The relative displacement at level 'k' compared to level 'k-1' is equal to:
Δ k = kδ –δ k-1
The lateral relative displacements of a floor in relation to the adjacent floors, and
as calculated according to paragraph 4.4.3 of the RPA, must not exceed 1.0% of the
height of the floor (0.01h) unless it can only be a greater relative displacement
e
may be tolerated. It must be verified that:
k Δ ≤ δadm
δ adm Permissible displacement equals 0.01h. e
Exercise
Let us consider a 3-level structure for residential use with a mixed system.
portico/sail with interaction, located in Oran (Zone II a), knowing that the quality factor
It is worth 1.35, the floor height is equal to 3.5 m.
We consider a category of Site S2and a damping coefficient ξ = (5%), (See
figure 1 below
K1 = 315 MN /m , K2 = 210 MN/m, K3 = 105 MN/m ,
M1 = 350 T , M2 = 263 T , M3 = 175 T
1) Determine the Mass and Stiffness Matrices;
2) Calculate the frequencies and the natural modes;
3) Determine the modal participation coefficients;
4) Calculate the distribution coefficient for each level k;
5) Determine the resultant of the seismic forces at each level;
6) Determine the resultant shear forces at each level
7) Calculate and verify the inter-floor displacements.