MODULE 1:
ETHICS
DEFINED
Etymology
Definition
Ethics
Morality
Significance
Ways of Doing Ethical Inquiry
Two Ethical Theories
Imagine if all the people would live
ethical lives, if we would treat one
another with kindness and love, what a
wonderful world it would be
What
is
?
“word”
corporatecomplianceinsight
[Link]
[Link]
u
“Ethike”
“Ethos”
[Link].g
ov
Etymology
ETHICS
Ethos= characteristic way of acting
Refers to those characteristics belonging to a man
as a rational being, endowed with intellect and
free will
Conducts himself according
to the dictates of reason
“Ethos” of Man
• Distinguish good from bad, right from wrong, moral from
immoral
•Obligation to do what is good
•Accountability to one’s actions
•Man is endowed by nature with Moral Sense (Agapay)
ETHICS
mos (moral),
mores (morality)
•Latin Word
•Tradition or
custom (Agapay)
ETHICS VS.
MORALS
ETHICS VS. MORALS
Ethics - right or wrong
Moral - good or bad
ETHICS VS. MORALS
Ethics
- it is applicable to everyone
regardless of belief tradition and practices.
ETHICS VS. MORALS
Moral
- it applies to a specific group
of people, community,
culture, or even personal.
i.e. Cultural Relativism
Ethics is the academic discipline of thinking systematically
about right and wrong (Kvalnes & Øverenget, 2012). People
learn morality and ethics in different ways. Moral beliefs
and convictions are typically adopted through social
interaction, whereas ethics is an academic discipline that
must be learned by reading books, attending seminars, and
such.
ETHICS DEFINITION
• Ethics is a philosophical Science dealing with the morality
of human acts (Panizo).
• Study of human motivation and rational behavior (Agapay)
• Normative Science of the conduct of the human beings
living in societies
• Normative science base on reason, which interprets
specific and paramount facts, the elements of which are
conduct and oughtness (Babor)
ETHICS DEFINITION
•Ethics, also called moral philosophy, the
discipline concerned with what is morally
good or bad, right and wrong
•Some of the questions treated by the field are:
what is morally right?, are there any objective
standards of right and wrong?, are moral
values absolute or relative?
ETHICS
• Ethics, for example, refers to those standards that impose the reasonable
obligations to refrain from rape, stealing, murder, assault, slander, and fraud.
Ethical standards also include those that enjoin virtues of honesty, compassion,
and loyalty.
• Ethics refers to the study and development of one's ethical standards. So, it is
necessary to constantly examine one's standards to ensure that they are
reasonable and well-founded. Ethics also means, then, the continuous effort of
studying our own moral beliefs and our moral conduct, and striving to ensure
that we, and the institutions we help to shape, live up to standards that are
reasonable and solidly-based.
ETHICS
• Ethics is a system of moral principles. They affect
how people make decisions and lead their lives.
• Ethics is concerned with what is good for
individuals and society
• Ethics can provide the tools we need to
examine and live an ethical life.
• Ethics covers the following dilemmas:
• how to live a good life
• our rights and responsibilities
• the language of right and wrong
• moral decisions - what is good and bad?
WHY
STUDY
ETHICS?
WHY STUDY ETHICS?
1. Ethics is an indispensable knowledge.
2. Without moral perception, man is only an animal.
3. Morality makes man a rational being.
4. Moral integrity is the only measure of what man
ought to be.
5. Morality is the foundation of every society.
(Agapay)
NATURE OF
ETHICS
Philosophy
•Speculative and Descriptive- “What is the essence?”
•Normative – “What is good and bad?”
•Critical – “What is truth?”
•Practical – “What is truth in relation to action?”
Acts of Man vs. Human
Acts, is there a
difference?
pngmart.c
Human acts are actions performed by man,
knowingly and freely, deliberate or intentional.
(Agapay)
Acts of man are instinctive or involuntary.
(Agapay)
NATURE OF Ethics
Acts of man vs. Human Acts, is there a difference?
INTELLECT WILL
Knowledge: Senses Wisdom Highest Virtue
Goal
Truth Goal Good
Thinking Function Doing
Appetency : Instinct
Knowing Purpose Choosing
Knowledge: Senses and intellect
Knowledge: Senses and Will
(Babor)
Virtuous – a person having the inclination or
habit to do good
Vicious – a person having the inclination or
habit to do wrong
(-Agapay)
NATURE OF ETHICS
Ethics is a dimension of
human existence whereby
man is always oriented
towards
NATURE OF ETHICS
Every human person is in
constant search for the
meaning of good own life.
NATURE OF ETHICS
Man has an ideal vision or a
goal. Such vision or goal is
that which lead him to
happiness.
IMPORTANCE/VALUE
OF STUDYING
ETHICS
IMPORTANCE OR VALUE OF STUDYING ETHICS
•Man by nature is good.
•Imago Dei
•Because God is considered as the Summum
Bonum or the Highest Good, man is also
naturally good (cf. Genesis 1, 26-27).
IMPORTANCE OR VALUE OF STUDYING ETHICS
•It is the nature of the human person to incline
himself towards the good. The human person
naturally finds beauty in doing good deeds.
•He will eventually obtain meaning in his existence
if he will be in constant search of goodness.
Importance or value of studying ethics
•There is always the possibility that
he may choose to turn away from
goodness.
Importance or value of studying ethics
• Man needs to study ethics to be guided
so that he may be able to fully
understand what real happiness is.
IMPORTANCE OR VALUE OF STUDYING ETHICS
•Through ethics, the human person will be
able to understand that the goal of a
human being is not merely the acquisition
of material goods.
IMPORTANCE OR VALUE OF STUDYING ETHICS
•His actual fulfillment lies in the
development of the moral quality,
which places human person above all
other creation.
TWO WAYS OF
DOING ETHICAL
INQUIRY
TYPES OF ETHICS
1. Normative Ethics:
-Prescriptive
-Seeks to provide norms and standards that regulate good
and bad conduct.
-attempts to develop guidelines or theories that tells us how
we ought to behave
-what should I do?
TYPES OF ETHICS
2. Metaethics Ethics:
-Descriptive
-It aims to understand the nature and dynamics of
ethical principles
-asks the origin of moral acts and how we acquire
moral beliefs.
-”what is good?’ Why should I be moral?
TYPES OF ETHICS
3. Applied Ethics:
-actual application of moral and ethics theories
for the purpose of deciding which moral actions are
appropriate in a given situation
Ex. Business ethics, biomedical and environmental
ethics, social ethics.
Types of ethics:
Normative Ethics or Descriptive/Metaethics
Prescriptive Ethics or Applied
• DO GOOD AT ALL TIMES! • WHAT IS GOOD?
• seeks to discover how • What is justice
one ought to act OR how one • Why should I be moral?
thinks one should act. • study of human behavior as a
consequence of beliefs about
what is right or wrong, or good
or bad,
TWO ETHICAL
THEORIES AND THEIR
RESPECTIVE
PRINCIPLE
1. THEISTIC
- God is the Supreme Creator and Lawgiver
- Man is free and must exercise his freedom to promote his
personal and social interests along with his
fellowmen/women
- Man has an immortal soul
- Man is accountable for his action, both good and evil.
2. ATHEISTIC
- Matter is the only reality
- Man is matter and does not have spiritual dimension
- Man is free and must exercise his freedom to promote the
welfare of the society
- There is no life after death
- Man is accountable only to the state
Which of the two is more
tenable?
pngimage.
net
flyingketchup.
ph
[Link]
m
clipartkey.c
om
[Link].c
om
After taking 55 selfies and
pictures I realized that the beauty
of the soul is more important
Hindi baleng walang chicks
basta may ethics
Thank you and God bless us all!