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Basic Computer Terms
Term Full Form Meaning / Use
CPU Central Processing Unit The brain of the
computer; it processes all
instructions.
RAM Random Access Memory Temporary memory used
while the computer is
running.
ROM Read Only Memory Permanent memory that
stores important system
data.
HDD Hard Disk Drive Main storage device for
saving files and software.
SSD Solid State Drive Faster modern storage
device (no moving parts).
GPU Graphics Processing Unit Handles images, videos,
and games (graphics).
USB Universal Serial Bus Port for connecting
external devices (pen
drive, mouse, etc.).
LAN Local Area Network Network connecting
computers in a small area
(like an office).
WAN Wide Area Network Network that connects
computers over large
distances (like the
Internet).
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity Wireless way to connect
to the internet.
IP Internet Protocol Address that identifies a
device on a network.
Internet & Networking Terms
Term Full Form Meaning / Use
URL Uniform Resource Locator The address of a webpage
(like [Link]).
HTTP HyperText Transfer Transfers web pages on
Protocol the internet.
HTTPS HyperText Transfer Secure version of HTTP
Protocol Secure (used for safe websites).
DNS Domain Name System Converts website names
into IP addresses.
ISP Internet Service Provider Company that gives you
internet (like Jio, Airtel).
FTP File Transfer Protocol Used to transfer files
between computers.
VPN Virtual Private Network Lets you connect securely
to another network over
the internet.
Software & Hardware Terms
Term Full Form Meaning / Use
OS Operating System Software that runs the
computer (Windows,
macOS, Linux).
GUI Graphical User Interface Interface that uses icons
and menus (user-friendly).
BIOS Basic Input Output System Starts the computer and
loads the OS.
API Application Programming Allows software programs
Interface
Allows software programs
Interface to communicate.
PDF Portable Document A file format for
Format documents that keeps
layout same everywhere.
DOC Document File File format for text
documents (Word file).
Common Technology Abbreviations
Term Full Form Meaning / Use
AI Artificial Intelligence Technology that makes
machines think like
humans.
IoT Internet of Things Everyday devices
connected to the internet
(like smart TVs).
URL Uniform Resource Locator Address of a website.
HTML HyperText Markup Used to create web
Language pages.
CSS Cascading Style Sheets Used to design and style
web pages.
SQL Structured Query Used to manage
Language databases.
DNS Domain Name System Converts website name to
IP address.
IP Internet Protocol Identifies devices on a
network.
Storage & Measurement Units
Term Full Form Meaning / Use
KB Kilobyte 1,024 bytes
MB Megabyte 1,024 KB
GB Gigabyte 1,024 MB
TB Terabyte 1,024 GB
PB Petabyte 1,024 TB