IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

5, Issue 04, 2017 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

An Experimental Study on SSC using Mixture of Alccofine and GGBS as

Partial Replacement of Cement
Prof. Nadeem Pasha1 Md Arbaaz Faisal2 Md Azhar Zeeshan3 Javeed Ahamad4 Md Wasif Khan
Qureshi5
1
Assistan Ptrofessor 2,3,4,5Student
1
Department of Civil Engineering
1,2,3,4,5
KBN College of Engineering. Gulbarga
Abstract— A Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a concrete SCC must have high workability, high flow, good
that can flow and completely fill the formwork under its segregation resistance and good passing ability to flow
own weight, at the same time maintain its homogeneity even through the congested reinforcements without any blocking.
if congested reinforcement is present and then attains The powdered admixtures that can be used are
complete compaction without any need of external vibration ALCCOFINE, GGBS, lime stone powder, glass filler, silica
(The Concrete Society & BRE, 2005) SCC was first fume etc. Since SCC is greatly affected by the material
developed in Japan in 1988, since then due to its advantages characteristics and its mix proportions, therefore it is
SCC has gained greater acceptance in United States, Japan essential to develop a procedure of SCC mix design.
and Europe. The major advantage of SCC is that it offers an SCC has now been used across Europe in both precast and
opportunity to reduce or eliminate problems in concrete site concrete work.
placement in complex conditions. By using SCC
Construction and placing becomes easier and faster. The II. MATERIALS USED
primary aim of this study is to investigate the strength
properties of SCC mix of M40 grade self-compacting A. Cement
concrete made with ALCCOFINE, GGBS and a mixture of Cement used in this project is Ultra-Tech cement 53 Grade
both in different proportions and compare its values with ordinary Portland cement meeting the requirements of
M40 grade conventional concrete. Conventional concrete is IS12269. The cement content for obtaining a self
designed by using IS: 10262-2009 and SCC is designed compacting concrete is between 380-600 Kg/m3. Cement
using Modified Nan Su method. For this purpose cement is content less than 380 kg/m3 might decrease the durability
replaced by weight in four different proportions of 2.5%, requirements, whereas for the cement content greater than
5%,7.5 and 10%% by Alccofine and 15%,30%,45% and 600 kg/m3 might raise shrinkage. Cement content lesser than
60% GGBS respectively. The characteristics of SCC like 380 kg/m3 can also be employed with the addition of finer
passing ability, flow ability and resistance to segregation mineral admixtures such as GGBS, ALCCOFINE, silica
have been checked using slump flow, L box test and V fume, RHA etc.
funnel test as per EFNARC guidelines. Specimens are tested B. Coarse Aggregates
for compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile
strength. Coarse aggregate used to obtaining SCC should be round
Key words: Cement, Self-Compacting Concrete, alccofine, and well graded. It should be clean and free from clay
GGBS seams. The smaller size and rounded aggregate improves the
workability of concrete. The aggregate size should be 20mm
and less than 20mm. In selecting a coarse aggregate
I. INTRODUCTION
gradation is an important factor, where especially small
Around the world the construction material that is widely dimensional elements are used and where the reinforcements
used is concrete. Due to technological advancements are highly congested. The coarse aggregate size in
concrete properties have been undergoing changes. To conventional concrete is based on the construction type,
improve the properties of concrete several types of concrete usually the maximum coarse aggregate size utilized in
are developed. making SCC ranges between 20 mm and 10 mm.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is one of them. It Okamura and ouchi reported that an increase in the
is not at all a new concrete but it is somewhat complex and amount of coarse aggregates regardless the aggregate shape;
developing technology. SCC is a type of concrete which there is decrease in the filling ability.
does not need any external vibration for its placing and
compaction. It is capable to flow, completely filling the C. Fine Aggregate
corners of the formwork and archive complete compaction, All locally available natural river sand can be used for
even in congested reinforcements. Initially developed to obtaining SCC. Both rounded and crushed sand can be used.
counter the increasing shortage of skilful labour. Fine aggregate content is very important for the rheology of
When compared with conventional concrete, SCC SCC. The amount fine aggregate is more than the coarse
can only be produced by the use of mineral and chemical aggregate content in SCC. The amount of fines in SCC has
admixtures. The key part in successfully making SCC is to an important effect on the mix proportions. More amount of
properly understand the role of its various constituents and water and super plasticizer is requires for fine sand but
their effect on the properties (Fresh and hardened requires less filler than coarse sand.
properties). Fresh properties are obtained by correctly
adjusting the materials of SCC.

All rights reserved by [Link] 944

 An Experimental Study on SSC using Mixture of Alccofine and GGBS as Partial Replacement of Cement
(IJSRD/Vol. 5/Issue 04/2017/237)

D. Water F. Chemical Admixtures

In the making of SCC portable water should be used. In case In self-compacting solid compound admixtures are utilized
of SCC the expression water to binder ratio is utilized as a fixing, which just before blending or at the season of
instead of water to cement ratio because of the addition of blending, can be added to the blend with water. The
additives. That means water content in SCC is in proportion admixture being utilized like water lessening admixtures,
to total binders (cement and additives). In SCC it has intense high range water reducer's i.e., super plasticizers, retarders
effect on both the properties. To increase the workability and consistency adjusting admixture is essential to enhance
property (filling ability) if only water is added then the the solid properties in crisp and solidified state. In self-
concrete is much prone to segregation. Due to this, it was compacting concrete, they help in acquiring lower water to
difficult to develop SCC until several suitable super cover proportion
plasticizers were made. The water in fresh SCC include
G. Super Plasticizer
water retained by total amount of powder (cement & other
additives), sand and free movable water. Water is not Normally, to enhance the concrete workability, content of
confined by coarse aggregate. The performance of the SCC water is increased; Super plasticizers are used in general to
is controlled by the free water. In SCC it is one of the main increase the workability of concrete without using extra
factor that determines the segregation resistance and the water. Being in the fine state Portland cement tend to
ability to fill (Ozawa, Maekawa, & Okamura, The flocculate in fresh concrete. Certain amount of water is
University of Tokyo XLI(3)., 1992a). entrapped due to this flocculation and to increase the mix
fluidity the water is not freely available. Therefore to avoid
E. Mineral Admixtures surplus quantity of water, super plasticizers are added to
1) ALCCOFINE: increase the workability of the concrete. When super
ALCCOFINE 1203 is a new generation, ultrafine, low plasticizers are added, they get adsorbed on the cement
calcium silicate product, Manufactured in India. It has particles. This adsorption creates repulsive forces between
distinct characteristics to enhance ‘performance of concrete' the particles. This force is known as zeta potential and it
in fresh and hardened stages. Alccofine 1203 is a specially depends on quality and base of the super plasticizer used.
processed product based on Slag of high glass content with Due to this the cement particles deflocculate and the water
high reactivity obtained through the process of controlled gets released which was trapped inside the flocks and thus
Granulation. The raw materials are composed primary of the water is now available to increase the fluidity of the mix.
low calcium silicates. The Processing with other selected Super plasticizers are used to increase the workability and
ingredients results in controlled particle size distribution deformability that are essential for the making of SCC. But
(PSD). The computed blain value based on PSD is around high dosage of super plasticizers may lead to more
12000 cm2/gm and is truly Fine. Due to its unique chemistry segregation. The addition of super plasticizers to the
and fine particle size, Alccofine 1203 provides reduced concrete has an influence on the performance of SCC. Super
Water demand for a given workability, as per requirement of plasticizers may be mixed with water at the time of mixing
concrete performance. Alccofine 1203 can also be used as a or mixed at the end of mixing which gives more flow able
high range water reducer to improve compressive Strength mix. Both the methods give different values of flow time
or as a super workability aid to improve flow.Alccofine1203 and spread (Schwartzentruber, Le Roy, & Cordin, 2006).
may perform in Superior manner than all other mineral There are two methods of adding super plasticizers.
admixtures used in concrete within India. 1) simultaneous addition
2) Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) 2) later or delayed addition
It is a byproduct obtained from steel production. GGBS is In simultaneous addition the super plasticizer is added
non metallic powder which has chemical composition of in the total quantity of water that is added in the mix and
aluminates and silicates of calcium and other base. GGBS is then mixed with remaining materials. This makes super
a mineral additive that may be used as an admixture in plasticizers to have through contact with the cement.
concrete, as its quality is good and consistent. Russell In later or delayed addition, except super-plasticizer all
(1997)in his research says concrete permeability is reduced the materials are mixed with a part of entire mixing water
when slag is used in concrete, he also said that to develop and then remaining water and the super-plasticizer is mixed
the strength gain at a later age than twenty eight days, 20- and then added after some specified time
30% cement is replaced by slag. In comparison to stone gray
colour of the concrete which is made from Portland cement, III. MIX DESIGN
a close to white colour of GGBS cements permit architect to Mix Design Using M40 Traditional Concrete
have a light colour exposed concrete finishes. Due to the
Fine Coarse
fineness of the material it gives smooth finishes and defect Cement Water
Aggregate Aggregate
free surface. GGBS has been used to get high quality and
Quantity
high strength concrete. In aggressive soils, the combination 450 648.30 1169.85 180
(kg/m3)
of GGBS and OPC are chosen over only OPC.
Proportions 1 1.44 2.6 0.4
The performance depends on the composition and
fine quality of grinding. The slag quality is governed by IS: Table 1: Mix design
12089-1987. Course Fine
Cemen Wate
Aggregat Aggregat S.P
t r
e e
Quantity 560 763.4 850.3 8.4 190.

All rights reserved by [Link] 945

 An Experimental Study on SSC using Mixture of Alccofine and GGBS as Partial Replacement of Cement
(IJSRD/Vol. 5/Issue 04/2017/237)

(kg/m3) 9
Proportio 0.01
1 1.36 1.52 0.34
ns 5
Table 2: Mix Design
Mix Design of self-compacting concrete using
modified Nan Su method

IV. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Specimen Number Of
Specimen Size
Name Specimens
150 mm × 150 mm ×
Cube 36
150 mm
150 mm diameter and Fig. 1: Compressive Strength Test Results
Cylinders 36
300 mm height
C. Cylinder
100 mm × 100 mm ×
Prisms 36 The split tensile strength testing was done for 28 days in
500 mm
Table 3: Experimental Setup order to find the strength of cylinder, the results are shown
below.
V. RESULTS D. Split Tensile Strength Test Results
MIX ID T500 L-BOX V-FUNNEL TEST T5 MIN Average split strength in N/mm2
CC SCC 4.5 0.9 10.5 13.2 MIX ID
7 days 28 days
M1 3.6 0.93 9.4 12 CC M40 3.60 4.33
M2 3.2 0.95 8.5 10.8 CC SCC 3.81 4.51
M3 3 0.96 8 10.2 M1 4.06 4.71
M4 4.5 0.9 10.5 13.2 M2 4.73 4.82
Table 4: Fresh properties of SCC M3 4.85 4.90
A. Cubes M4 4.30 4.22
Table 6: Split Tensile Strength Test Results
The specimens of the concrete is tested for 7 days and 28
days in order to determine the initial strength and final
strength
B. Compressive Strength Test Results
Average Compressive strength in N/mm2
MIX ID
7 days 28 days
CC M40 25.39 38.43
CC SCC 25.72 40.10
M1 28.19 41.85
M2 29.64 43.85
M3 30.69 46.79
M4 28.48 45.48
Table 5: Compressive strength Test Results

Fig. 2: Split Tensile Strength Test Results

E. Prisms
The Flexural strength testing was done for 28 days in order
to find the strength of Prisms, the results are shown below
F. Flexural Strength Test Results
Average flexural strength in N/mm2
MIX ID
7 days 28 days
CC M40 5.70 8.33

All rights reserved by [Link] 946

 An Experimental Study on SSC using Mixture of Alccofine and GGBS as Partial Replacement of Cement
(IJSRD/Vol. 5/Issue 04/2017/237)

CC SCC 7.5 9.58 Mock-Up Trails At Kaiga. The Indian Concrete Journal
M1 8.33 10 , 51-57.
M2 9.41 11.25 [3] Bognacki, C., Phillips, D., Khayat, K. H., Squarzini, M.
M3 10.83 12.5 J., Berndt, K., & Phelan, W. S. (2015). SCC contributes
M4 9.5 12.08 to a projects success-concrete construction. Retrieved 8
18, 2015, from CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION:
([Link]
concrete/[Link])
[4] Chockalingam, M. (2014). Experimental Investigation
on self Compacting Concrete using Marble Powder and
Silica Fume. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL &
MAGAZINE OF ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY,
MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH , 1 (2), 15-21.
[5] Dehn, F., [Link], & [Link]. (2000). Self-
Compacting Concrete - Time Development of the
Material Properties and the Bond Behavior. LANCER
No. 5.
[6] EFNARC. (2002). Specification and Guidelines for
Self-Compacting Concrete. Retrieved march 12, 2015,
from [Link]:
[Link]
[7] Fosroc. (2014). Product. Retrieved June 15, 2015, from
Fosroc: [Link]
sp430-
[8] Girish, S., Gowda, P., Vengala, J., & & Ranganath, ..
(2005). Influence of Different Superplasticizers on the
Fig. 3: Flexural Strength Test Results Properties of Self Compacting concrete. On Advances
in Concrete, Composites and Structures, (pp. 467-474).
VI. CONCLUSIONS Chennai.
The following conclusions were made based on [9] Hanehara, S., & Yamada, K. (1999). Interaction
experimental study on conventional concrete and SCC of between cement and chemical admixture from the point
M40 grade using mineral admixtures like Alccofine and of cement hydration, absorption behaviour of
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag. admixture, and paste rheology. Cement and Concrete
1) Alccofine and GGBS can be utilized as an alternative Research , 29, 1159-1165.
for cement; an attempt has been made in the present [10] Khayat, K. H., Manai, K., & Trudel, A. (1997). In Situ
project for the satisfactory utilization of GGBS and Mechanical Properties of Wall Elements Cast Using
Alccofine. Self-Consolidating Concrete. ACI MATERIALS
2) Among all the mixes, Maximum compressive strength JOURNAL , 491-500.
was achieved for Mix (M3) containing 7.5% Alccofine [11] Khayat, K. (1999b). Workability, testing, and
and 45% GGBS. performance of self-consolidating. ACI Materials
3) Among all the mixes, Medium workability with a Journal , 96(3), 346.
55mm of slump was achieved for mix (M3) containing [12] Kumar, P., & Kaushik, S. (2004, 6). Transition Zone in
7.5% alccofine and 45% GGBS. SCC. The Indian Concrete Journal , 60-65.
4) Among all the mixes, Maximum Split tensile strength [13] RILEM technical committe 174-SCC. (2000). Self
was achieved for Mix (M3) containing 7.5% Alccofine compacting concrete State-of-the-art report of RILEM
and 45% GGBS. technical committe 174-SCC. In A. Skarendahl, & O.
5) Among all the mixes, compaction factor of 0.92 was Petersson (Ed.). france: RILEM Publications S.A.R.L.
achieved for Mix (M3) containing 7.5% Alccofine and [14] Schwartzentruber, L., Le Roy, R., & Cordin, R. (2006).
45% GGBS. Rheological behaviour of fresh cement pastes
6) Among all the mixes, Maximum Flexural strength was formulated from a Self Compacting Concrete (SCC).
achieved for Mix (M3) containing 7.5% Alccofine and Cement and Concrete Research , 1203-1213.
45% GGBS. [15] Senguptha, A., & Santhanam, M. (2006). Application
Hence it can be concluded that Alccofine and Based Mix Proportioning For Self Compacting
GGBS can be used as an alternative for cement Concrete. 31st Conference On Our World In Concrete
& Structures, (pp. 353-359). Singapore.
REFERENCES [16] Sonebi, M. (2004). Advanced Concrete and Masonry
Centre. Cement and Concrete Research , 34, 1199-1208.
[1] Aiad, I., Bd, E.-A. S., & El-Didamony, H. (2002).
[17] The Concrete Society, & BRE. (2005). The Concrete
Effect of delaying addition of some concrete admixtures
Society, BRE. In R. Day, & I. Holton (Ed.), Technical
on the rheological properties of cement pastes. Cement
report No.62 self-compacting. Camberley,UK: Concrete
and Concrete Research , 1839-1843.
Society, Surrey GU17 9AB, UK.
[2] Bapat, S., Kulakarni, S., & Bandekar, K. (2004, 6).
Using SCC Nuclear Power Plants-Laboratory and

All rights reserved by [Link] 947

 An Experimental Study on SSC using Mixture of Alccofine and GGBS as Partial Replacement of Cement
(IJSRD/Vol. 5/Issue 04/2017/237)

[18] Vengala, J., Sudarshan, M., & Ranganath, R. (2003).

Experimental Study for Obtaining Self Compacting.
The Indian concrete Journal , 1261-1266.
[19] Zhu, W., & Bartos, P. (2005). Microstructure and
Properties of Interfacial Transition Zone in SCC. First
International Symposium on Design, Performance and
Use of Self Consolidating Concrete (SCC), (pp. 319-
327). Hunan,China.

All rights reserved by [Link] 948