User Guide for the

HTML5 Chart

First Steps with the HTML5 Chart 2

Symbols and Chart Settings 3

Organizing the Chart 6

Indicators 8

Drawing on the Chart 9

Keyboard Commands 11

Study Reference 12

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First Steps with the HTML5 Chart
The HTML5 Chart lets you display various symbols (for example indices, stock or currency pairs) in an interactive
chart. It shows a visual representation of a symbol’s historical and current data (its time series). You can interactively
set many parameters like chart type and time frame, as well as insert indicators and drawing tools for technical
analysis.

Plot one or several symbols, choose chart type and data compression
You can display one or several symbols on the HTML5 Chart. The historical data on the chart can be visualized with
different chart types (for example line, bar, candlestick) and data compressions (monthly, weekly, daily, intraday or
tick charts).
Learn more: Symbols and Chart Settings

Add chart panels, show more data on the chart and navigate in the chart
Each chart can have one or more panels: The main panel shows the symbol's time series; additional panels can be
added for volume data or for displaying indicators. The special history panel shows the complete loaded time series
and can be used to navigate the chart. Additional data, such as a data info box, can be added to the chart
interactively. You can also adjust the price scale, so that it shows for example percentages or logarithmic prices.
Learn more: Organizing the Chart

Add indicators and drawing objects as you need them

In addition to symbols, you can also display other objects necessary for technical analysis on a chart: Drawing objects
(like trend lines), and indicators (like the Moving Average).
Learn more: Indicators and Drawing on the Chart

Working with the HTML5 Chart window

▪ To show the chart on the full screen, click the Fullscreen button.

▪ To show the chart in a separate browser window, click the Pop Out button.

First Steps with the HTML5 Chart 2

Symbols and Chart Settings
On the HTML5 Chart, you can display one or several symbols (for example indices, securities or currency pairs) in an
interactive chart.

Main symbol and comparison symbols

▪ The main symbol is the symbol whose time series is currently shown on the chart. You can choose a different
main symbol with the symbol drop-down list at the top. The main symbol is automatically used as the base of
every indicator that you add to the chart.
▪ You can add one or more comparison symbols with the Compare drop-down list at the top. Comparison
symbols are added as overlays in the main chart panel. They cannot be used as the base of an indicator.
▪ For better visibility of any comparison symbol, you can move the mouse pointer over the symbol's name – all
other symbols will temporarily be dimmed while the mouse pointer hovers there.

▪ To remove comparison symbols from the chart, click the Remove button next to the symbol’s name.

▪ To hide comparison symbols on the chart without removing them, click the Hide button next to the symbol’s
name.

▪ To move comparison symbols into their own separate panel, click the Down button next to the symbol's
name.

▪ To move comparison symbols back into the main symbol's panel, click the Up button next to the symbol's
name until the symbol has reached the main panel.

To refresh the symbol data on the chart, click the Refresh button.

Data compression and time period of the chart

▪ Choose the data compression of the chart from the drop-down list at the top. You can show the data in a daily,
weekly or monthly compression, use intraday data with pre-defined intervals (for example 5 minutes or 1 hour),
show all ticks as they are coming in (Tick-by-Tick), or aggregate ticks or other time periods into bars.

Note When using tick aggregation, you can set the number of ticks that are used for each bar by clicking
Ticks in the chart's toolbar. If you use for example a tick compression of 10 ticks, then all ticks are
grouped in sets of ten. The Open price of a 10-tick bar is the first tick, the Close price is the tenth
tick. The High and Low prices are the highest and lowest prices in the set of ten ticks, respectively.
Tick compressions do not have a linear time scale – depending on the frequency of incoming ticks,
a 10-tick bar can comprise a period of seconds, minutes or even days (for infrequently traded
securities). Custom aggregations for ticks or other time periods (e.g. Daily, Weekly or Monthly
data) can be created in the same way by clicking Custom in the chart's toolbar.

▪ Choose the desired time period from the drop-down list at the top, for example Day, 6 Months, 10 Years, or
state the number of records that should be shown on the chart (for example 510 Records).
▪ You can also use the history panel to load more data in the chart: Drag the handle on the left side of the
highlighted section in the history panel further to the left to load the next available section of historical data.

Chart types
▪ Choose one of the following chart types from the drop-down list at the top. This chart type will be applied to the
main symbol of the chart.

Line The Close prices of the symbol (or ticks in a tick chart) are plotted as a
continuous line. This is the most basic chart type. It offers a simple, uncluttered
view of the price development of a symbol.
Candlesticks The Open, High, Low and Close prices of a symbol are plotted as candlesticks.
A candlestick consists of a body, that is drawn between the Open and Close
prices, an upper shadow (High) and a lower shadow (Low).
By default, the body is colored depending on the relationship of Open / Close
price, or the relationship of Previous Close / Current Close price (you can switch

Symbols and Chart Settings 3

 to this setting in the chart color settings, see below). The body is green if the
Close price is higher than the Open price (rising color, Up), and red if the Close
price is lower than the Open price (falling color, Down). If the Open and Close
prices are equal, the candlestick has no body (Equal color).
Hollow Candles Like in the Candlestick chart, the Open, High, Low and Close prices of a symbol
are plotted as candlesticks. In addition, Hollow Candles charts show empty
candles (transparent fill) if the Last price is higher than the Open price of the
candle, or full candles if the Last price is lower than the Open price of the
candle.
The color of the candle represents the price movement relative to the previous
candle – candles are green when the candle's Last price is higher than the
previous candle's Last price, and red when the candle's Last price is lower than
the previous candle's Last price.
Bars (OHLC) The Open, High, Low and Close prices of the symbol are plotted as bars. The
High and Low prices are at the upper and lower boundaries of a bar. The Open
price is shown at the left side of the bar, and the Close price at the right side.
This chart type is widely used. It offers more information about the price
development of a symbol than the line chart in a condensed view. It has the
same coloring options as the candlestick chart.
Bars (HLC) This chart type is similar to the OHLC bar chart, but only shows the High, Low
and Close prices of the symbol.
Mountain The Close prices of the symbol are plotted as a continuous line. The area
between the price line and the zero line of the chart is filled with a transparent
color.
Histogram The Close prices of a symbol are plotted as vertical columns. This chart type
offers the same information as a line chart in a different visualization. It has the
same coloring options as the candlestick chart.

To change the chart type of a comparison symbol:

▪ Click the name of the symbol.
▪ In the dialog that appears, choose the desired chart type.

Last / Bid / Ask price charts

To change the price type that is used in the chart:
▪ Click the name of the symbol.
▪ In the dialog that appears, choose the prices that should be used for plotting the chart: Last (default), Bid or
Ask.

Chart coloring
To change the colors of a symbol:
▪ Click the name of the symbol.
▪ In the dialog that appears, adapt the colors to your needs.
Depending on the chart type, different color settings are available:
▪ For line charts, you can define a line color and line weight.
▪ For bar charts, candlestick charts and histogram charts, you can define a rising color, a falling color and an equal
color. You can choose if the coloring should be depending on the relationship of Open to Close price
(Open/Close, which is also the default), or if the coloring should be depending on the relationship of Previous
Close to Current Close price ([Link]/Close). By default, the rising color is used if the Close price is higher
than the Open price (Open < Close), the falling color is used if the Close price is lower than the Open price
(Open > Close), and the equal color is used if the Open and Close prices are equal (Open = Close).
▪ For mountain charts, you can define a two-color gradient.

Price scale settings

For each symbol, comparison symbol or indicator, you can show a separate price scale, choose where it is shown on
the chart and rearrange the order of multiple price scales:
▪ Click the name of the symbol. In the dialog that appears:

Symbols and Chart Settings 4

▪ Activate the Axis is on option to show / hide the price scale for this symbol.
▪ Activate the Axis is relative option to use a percentage price scale for this symbol.
▪ Click Switch Side to show the price scale for this symbol on the right/left side of the chart.
▪ Click Move Inside to move the price scale for this symbol to the inside, if there are several price scales on the
same side of the chart.
▪ Click Move Outside to move the price scale for this symbol to the outside, if there are several price scales on the
same side of the chart.

Symbols and Chart Settings 5

Organizing the Chart
You can add specific data (like the volume) in additional panels to the chart, and zoom in and out of the chart.

Showing additional data on the chart

▪ Click one of the buttons of the following list to show additional data on the chart. Activated buttons are shown in a
different color. Some buttons are already activated by default – you can deactivate them with a click.

Show the volume of the main symbol in a new panel. By clicking the Volume label, you can set the
display type (Line, Histogram, Mountain or Dashed Line) and colors (rising / falling / equal) similar as
for symbols or indicators. If comparison symbols are shown on the chart, you can also show the
aggregated volume of all available symbols, either in a simple one-color-bar (left option), or in a
stacked multi-color-bar that is color-coded by security (right option).
Use a percentage price scale. The first loaded Close price represents 0%. All later price
developments are shown as percentages relative to this starting point. You can set a different starting
point with the Zero Point Tool (see below). This mode is useful to compare the performance of
several symbols. The percentage price scale is also used when you choose the mode Axis is relative
in a symbol’s chart settings.
You can also use a logarithmic scale. On this scale, equal distances on the scale represent an equal
percentage change.
When both options are deactivated, a linear price scale is used. It shows the absolute prices of the
main symbol from its minimum to its maximum during the visible time period.
Use the Zero Point Tool to set a starting point at a specific date / time for charts with a percentage
scale. Click on the chart at the date / time that you want to use as the starting point for the relative
performance of all inserted symbols. This date / time is now the common zero point for the relative
performance of all symbols in this chart; it is marked with a vertical line on the chart.
Show the last value of the main symbol as a line on the chart and as a label on the price scale.

Show the data info box when positioning the mouse on the chart. The data info box displays date and
time of the current data point, as well as various values for all visible symbols and indicators.
Show the info header when positioning the mouse on the chart. The info header displays information
about OHLC, Change and Volume of the current data point.
Show the maximum and minimum of the main symbol as labels on the chart.

Show grid lines on the chart.

Show the crosshair cursor which shows the current position of the mouse with labels on the time and
price scales.
Alternatively, you can also show the crosshair cursor with last value, which means that for the
current position of the mouse relative to the time scale, the nearest bar's Close value is used to
determine the position of the crosshair on the price scale.
Show the history panel. The history panel shows an overview of the development of the main symbol
for the complete period of time that is loaded in the chart. The section that is currently visible in the
main panel of the chart is highlighted in the history panel.

Zooming in and out of the chart

▪ Click the Zoom In button to zoom into the chart.

▪ Alternatively, you can move the mouse pointer over to the time scale of the chart until it changes to a magnifying
glass icon: Click the starting point of the section that you want to magnify, hold the mouse button down, move the
mouse pointer to the end point of the section and release the mouse button.

▪ Click the Zoom Out button to zoom out of the chart.

▪ For a more precise zoom, use the history panel to choose a specific date and/or time range on the chart: Either
drag the handles on the left and right side of the highlighted section in the history panel, or click the date / time

Organizing the Chart 6

 boxes in the upper left corner of the panel and choose a date from the calendar or change the time setting. To
zoom out to show the complete loaded time series, click the Expand button.
▪ You can also use the scroll wheel of your mouse, or, on tablets, pinch with two fingers, to zoom in and out of the
chart.

▪ To reset the chart to its initial state regarding the zoom and scroll settings, click the Reset button.

Moving the chart with drag & drop

▪ Click the Select button.

▪ Click in the chart, hold the mouse button down and drag the chart left or right. The time series is positioned on
the screen accordingly. You will notice that the highlighted range in the history panel automatically moves along
with the chart.

Organizing the Chart 7

Indicators
Indicators are applied to the price data of the main symbol in your chart. They visualize the available data in a
different way so that you can interpret it more easily.

Adding an indicator to the chart

▪ Click the Add Indicator button and then click the name of the desired indicator. You can find short
descriptions of the available indicators in the Study Reference.

▪ To move indicators into their own separate panel, click the Down button next to the indicator's name:

▪ To move indicators back into the main symbol's panel, click the Up button next to the indicator's name until
the indicator has reached the main panel.

Changing the properties of an inserted indicator

▪ Click the name of the indicator. A dialog appears.
▪ On the Parameters tab on the left side you can adapt the parameters of this indicator. Click a value to edit it. For
indicators that are calculated on price data, you can also choose whether you want to use the Close price (C,
default), or the Open (O), High (H) or Low (L) price as the basis for the calculation of the indicator.
▪ On the Style tab, you can adapt the colors and line style of the indicator. For indicators that consist of more than
one line (e.g. Bollinger Bands with its three lines Mid, Upper and Lower), first choose the desired line with the
arrows .

Removing an indicator from the chart

▪ Click the Remove button next to the indicator’s name.

▪ If the indicator was shown in a separate panel, this panel is removed as well.

Indicators 8
Drawing on the Chart
When drawing on the chart, you use drawing tools like trend lines or trend channels. With most drawing tools, you
have to define one or more reference points that indicate where the drawing object should be placed on the chart.
You can later move these reference points by dragging them with the mouse.

Using the drawing tools

▪ Click a drawing tool button (see list of available drawing tools below).
▪ Click in the chart at the first reference point of the drawing object and hold the mouse button down.
▪ Move the mouse pointer to the second reference point of the drawing object and release the mouse button.
Exception: The text tool and the horizontal / vertical line don't need a second reference point.
▪ When drawing a trend line, a third reference point appears. Click it and move it to position the additional line.

Line A trend line is used to mark significant trends and developments on the
chart.
You need two reference points to draw a trend line. The reference points are
positioned at pivots, for example at two highs (uptrend) or two lows
(downtrend).
Horizontal line A horizontal line usually serves as support or resistance.
You only need one reference point to draw a horizontal line. The reference
point is positioned at the price level where you want the line to appear.
Vertical line A vertical line can be used to mark specific timestamps of the chart.
You only need one reference point to draw a vertical line. The reference
point is positioned at the time stamp where you want the line to appear.
Trend channel A trend channel essentially consists of two parallel trend lines that surround
the trending time series.
You need three reference points to draw a trend channel. The first two
points define a normal trend line, while the third point defines the distance of
the second line from the first trend line.
Text With the text tool, you can label other objects on the chart, add descriptions
etc.
To add text, just click in the chart at the position where you want the text to
appear. Then, type your text into the box and choose the desired text style,
size and color. You can later edit the text by clicking it.

Drawing several lines at once

▪ To use a drawing tool several times without having to select it each time, click the Draw repeatedly button.
▪ Now, choose the desired drawing tool (for example a trend line).
▪ The drawing tool stays active until you select a different tool or deactivate the option Draw repeatedly again.

Snapping to the Nearest Price with the Magnet

▪ To automatically pull each reference point to the nearest price of a bar while drawing, activate the Magnet Mode

.
▪ If you only want to use the magnet temporarily, press and hold the CTRL key while drawing on the chart.

Exact positioning of reference points

▪ To position reference points more precisely, you can move the mouse pointer near the bar where you want to set
the reference point, and then press the appropriate key on your keyboard to position the reference point at a
precise price: O for Open, H for High, L for Low, C for Close.

Drawing on the Chart 9

 Colors, line styles and length, other settings
▪ To change the color of a drawing object, click the drawing object (for example the trend line). A dialog appears.
▪ Choose the desired color and line style (if available).
▪ For lines and trend channels, you can additionally use the option Extend to extend the selected line from the
drawn reference points to the left or right edge of the chart.
▪ For the Horizontal line tool, you can additionally show / hide the price label on the price scale (option Price label
is on).
▪ For text, you can adapt font size and style.

Deleting drawing objects

▪ To remove a drawing object, first click the object and then click the Delete button.

Drawing on the Chart 10

Keyboard Commands
HTML5 Chart supports navigating the chart and interacting with the chart features using keyboard commands:

Navigating toolbars and dialogs TAB : Move to the next element

SHIFT + TAB : Move to the previous element
Arrow keys and PAGE UP / PAGE DOWN : Move vertically /
horizontally between items in lists, dropdowns, or radio
buttons
HOME : Move to the beginning of a list
END : Move to the end of a list
Activating items ENTER : Activate the selected item
SPACE : Activate buttons or toggle checkboxes
Exiting menus and dialogs ESC : Close dropdown menus and pop-up dialogs
Chart panel commands Arrow keys : Change height of panel
focus needs to be in the panel SHIFT + arrow keys : Move the visible portion of the
chart
CTRL + arrow keys : Move the visible portion of the chart
in steps
ALT + arrow keys : Zoom in / Zoom out of the chart
Drawing tool drawing and selection SHIFT + T
focus needs to be in the panel
Drawing tool control point selection SHIFT + P
focus needs to be in the panel and a drawing tool
needs to be selected
Exact positioning of reference points O for Open
while drawing H for High
L for Low
C for Close
Temporary use of Magnet tool Press and hold the CTRL key while drawing on the chart
while drawing

Keyboard Commands 11
Study Reference
This study reference gives you an overview about the indicators that are available in the HTML5 Chart. Please note
that depending on your chart version, some indicators listed here might not be available in your chart.

Accumulation Distribution Line

Function Name: ADL
Category: Momentum, ACDI Oscillator
A momentum indicator that attempts to gauge supply and demand by determining whether investors are generally
"accumulating" (buying) or "distributing" (selling) a certain stock by indentifying divergences between stock price and
volume flow.
In practice, this indicator is used to find situations in which the indicator is heading in the opposite direction as the
price. Once this divergence has been identified, the trader will wait to confirm the reversal and make his or her
transaction decisions using other technical indicators.

Aroon Oscillator
Function Name: AROO
Category: Momentum, Oscillator
Developed in 1995, Aroon is an indicator system that can be used to determine whether a stock is trending or not and
how strong the trend is.

The Aroon indicator system consists of two lines, Aroon Up and Aroon Down. It takes a single parameter which is the
number of time periods to use in the calculation. Aroon Up is the amount of time (on a percentage basis) that has
elapsed between the start of the time period and the point at which the highest price during that time period occurred.
If the stock is setting a new low for the given time period, Aroon Up will be zero. On the other hand, if the stock closes
higher than it has during the rest of the time period, Aroon Up will be +100. For each subsequent period that passes
without another new high, Aroon Up moves down by an amount equal to (1 / number of periods) x 100. Aroon Down
is calculated in just the opposite manner, looking for new lows instead of new highs.

Aroon Oscillator is designed by subtracting Aroon Down from Aroon Up. Since Aroon Up and Aroon Down oscillate
between 0 and +100, the Aroon Oscillator oscillates between -100 and +100 with zero as the center crossover line.
The Aroon Oscillator signals an upward trend is underway when it is above zero and a downward trend is underway
when it falls below zero. The further away the oscillator is from the zero line, the stronger the trend.

Author: Tushar Chande

Link: [Link]

Aroon Up/Down
Function Name: AROOUD
Category: Momentum
The Aroon indicator was developed in 1995. This indicator consists of two lines, Aroon Up and Aroon Down. Aroon
Up is the amount of time (on a percentage basis) that has elapsed between the start of the time period and the point
at which the highest price during that time period occurred. If the stock is setting a new low for the given time period,
Aroon Up will be zero. On the other hand, if the stock closes higher than it has during the rest of the time period,
Aroon Up will be +100. Aroon Down is calculated in just the opposite manner, looking for new lows instead of new
Highs.

Study Reference 12
Author: Tushar Chande
Link: [Link]

Auto Trend Lines

Function Name: N/A
Category: Trend
Auto Trend Lines are trend lines that are drawn automatically, based on support and resistance levels which are
calculated by using an algorithm that attempts to autodetect local extreme points.

Use the Parameter "Show All" to add/remove more trend lines on past extreme points.

Average Directional Index

Function Name: ADX
Category: Trend
The Average Directional Index (ADX) measures the strength of a prevailing trend as well as whether or not there is
movement or direction in a market.

A rising ADX indicates a strong trend. If the ADX is over 40 and begins to fall, it can signal a slowdown of a current
trend.

A falling ADX suggests a non-trending market. A low ADX value (generally less than 20) can indicate a non-trending
market with low volatility whereas a cross above 20 may signal the start of a trend (either up or down).

The ADX does not, however, indicate whether a trend is up or down. This indicator can be used to identify non-
trending markets, or a deterioration of an ongoing trend. Although market direction is important in its calculation, the
ADX is not a directional indicator.

Author: J. Welles Wilder

Link: [Link]

Average True Range

Function Name: ATR
Category: Volatility
The Average True Range indicator is used when calculating the directional movement of a market.

Range is defined as the distance a price moves per an increment of time, for example, from the highest price to the
lowest price in a trading day. True Range measures the conventional range of a bar but checks the previous bar's
closing price to see if it is outside the current bar's range. If it is, then that closing price is used instead of the High or
Low. That is, the previous bar's Close is considered part of the current bar's range. This helps account for gaps
between bars. The Average True Range indicator calculates and plots the average of these values over a certain
number of bars. This indicator may be considered a tool for measuring the volatility of a market using a price range
concept. Often, extremes in Average True Range are associated with a change in character of a market, from
trending to trading range and vice versa.

Author: J. Welles Wilder

Study Reference 13
Link: [Link]

Awesome Oscillator
Function Name: AWSO
Category: Trend, Oscillator
The Awesome Oscillator determines the market momentum on the last five bars, comparing them to the momentum
of the last 34 bars. The oscillator is calculated as the difference between the 34-period and 5-period Moving Average
at the mid price and is displayed as a histogram.

It can be used in combination with the Alligator indicator, i.e. buy and sell signals are only triggered outside of the
Alligator's "mouth". Buy and sell signals are supposed to be signified by a cross of the zero line, when the bar chart
reverses direction or when two consecutive pikes are rising / falling.

Author: Bill Williams

Bearish Engulfing
Function Name: BEENG
Category: Candlestick
A bullish engulfing pattern occurs when, in a downtrend, you find a solid candle immediately followed by a hollow
candle. The body of the hollow candle has to enclose he body of the solid candle, in other words the Open of the
hollow candle has to be lower than the Close of the solid candle and the Close of the hollow candle has to be higher
than the Open of the solid candle. The Bullish Engulfing study marks a bar if a bullish engulfing pattern occurs. A
bearish engulfing pattern occurs when, in an uptrend, you find a hollow candle immediately followed by a solid
candle. The body of the solid candle has to enclose the body of the hollow candle, in other words the Close of the
solid candle has to be lower than the Open of the hollow candle and the Open of the solid candle has to be higher
than the Close of the hollow candle. The Bearish Engulfing study marks a bar if a bearish engulfing pattern occurs.

Links: [Link]
[Link]

Bollinger Band Width

Function Name: BBW
Category: Trend, Volatility, Bands
The Bollinger Band Width indicator shows the width of the bollinger bands in relative terms. It sets the difference
between the upper and the lower band in relation to the middle band.

Author: John Bollinger

Link: [Link]

Bollinger Bands
Function Name: BOLL
Category: Trend, Volatility, Bands

Study Reference 14
The Bollinger Bands indicator is one of the most commonly used technical indicators. It draws two bands that are
plotted usually two standard deviations above and below a moving average. An upper band is plotted a specified
number of standard deviations above this average and a lower band is plotted a specified number of standard
deviations below the average.

The Bollinger Bands indicator combines the trend identifying aspects of a moving average with a dynamic factor,
each market's own volatility, to plot an envelope. The distance between the bands is, therefore, a reflection of
volatility. During sideways periods, prices reaching the bands may indicate overbought or oversold conditions. Strong
movement up through the upper band or down through the lower band may indicate the beginning of a trend.

Author: John Bollinger

Link: [Link]

Bullish Engulfing
Function Name: BUENG
Category: Candlestick
A bullish engulfing pattern occurs when, in a downtrend, you find a solid candle immediately followed by a hollow
candle. The body of the hollow candle has to enclose he body of the solid candle, in other words the Open of the
hollow candle has to be lower than the Close of the solid candle and the Close of the hollow candle has to be higher
than the Open of the solid candle. The Bullish Engulfing study marks a bar if a bullish engulfing pattern occurs. A
bearish engulfing pattern occurs when, in an uptrend, you find a hollow candle immediately followed by a solid
candle. The body of the solid candle has to enclose the body of the hollow candle, in other words the Close of the
solid candle has to be lower than the Open of the hollow candle and the Open of the solid candle has to be higher
than the Close of the hollow candle. The Bearish Engulfing study marks a bar if a bearish engulfing pattern occurs.

Links: [Link]
[Link]

Camarilla Pivot Points

Function Name: CPP
Category: Price
Pivot Points calculated with the Camarilla method

Link: [Link]

Chaikin Money Flow

Function Name: CHAIMF
Category: Trend
The Chaikin Money Flow indicator is showing whether a given equity is within a buying trend (money flow in) or a
selling trend (money flow out).

Author: Marc Chaikin

Study Reference 15
Chaikin Oscillator
Function Name: CHAIO
Category: Volatility, Oscillator
The Chaikin Oscillator compares a slow exponential moving average and a fast exponential moving average of the
Volume Accumulation Distribution, and plots the result in a line that oscillates above and below a zero line. The
Volume Accumulation Distribution uses the relationship between the Open and the Close of the bar, and the range of
the bar, to weight and characterize the volume as Accumulation (buying) or Distribution (selling).

The Chaikin Oscillator uses averages and differences to provide a different view of this data. Because the Chaikin
Oscillator uses exponential averages, the numeric value of the Chaikin Oscillator will depend on the data available in
the chart.

The most common use of this indicator is to identify divergences between a market's price activity and the oscillator.

Author: Marc Chaikin

Commodity Channel Index

Function Name: CCI
Category: Trend
The Commodity Channel Index is used to identify the beginning and ending of cycles and works best when applied to
futures markets that are cyclical or seasonal in nature. It is commonly used to identify buy and sell opportunities. A
long position is indicated when the CCI exceeds +100 while a short position is indicated when the CCI falls below -
100 but these values should be based more on your market analysis. For example, you may decide that for the
market you are evaluating, a -125 indicates taking a short position while a +150 indicates taking a long position.

The Commodity Channel Index can be used as a signal for overbought and oversold markets, much like an oscillator.
Breakouts above the CCIlong (L1) line indicate an overbought market and breakouts below the CCIshort (L2) line
indicate an oversold market. The CCI often misses the early part of a new move because of the amount of time it
spends in the neutral position (between the CCIlong and CCIshort lines). Many analysts believe the CCI Average
crossing above or below zero identifies market conditions before the CCIlong and CCIshort lines are crossed.

Link: [Link]

Coppock Curve
Function Name: COPP
Category: Momentum
The Coppock Curve is a long-term price momentum indicator, designed by applying a front-weighted smoothing to an
average of two momentums and used primarily to pinpoint major bottoms in the stock market.

There are two commonly accepted ways of determining buy and sell signals from a Coppock Curve.

The first is to trade on reversals from extremes. When first introduced in 1962, it was intended to generate buy signals
in the S&P 500 only, and the suggested signal was an upturn in the Coppock Curve from an extreme low.

The second interpretation involves divergence analysis. The initial thrust off of a low in the stock market is often
accompanied by the highest Coppock Curve reading (peak momentum). Subsequent advances tend to be

Study Reference 16
accompanied by diminishing momentum (lower peaks on the Coppock Curve). That combination of a higher peak in
price accompanied by a lower peak in the Coppock Curve creates a bearish divergence. Those signals warn of a
weakening, aging advance, but often precede the ultimate top.

Author: Edwin Sedgwick Coppock

Link: [Link]

Cutler RSI
Function Name: RSIC
Category: Momentum
The Cutler RSI indicator is a slight variation of Welles Wilder's original Relative Strength Index. The RSI is a
momentum oscillator used to identify overbought and oversold conditions by keying on specific levels, generally 30
and 70, on a chart scaled from 0 to [Link] signal can also be used to detect the following:

- Movement which might not be as readily apparent on the bar chart

- Failure swings above 70 or below 30 which indicate reversals

- Support and resistance

- Divergences between RSI and price.

Author: Cutler
Link: [Link]

Dark Cloud
Function Name: DARK_CL
Category: Candlestick, Pattern
The dark cloud pattern occurs if the first candle is a long white body which continues the up-trend, the second candle
of this pattern is a filled body candle with the Open above the previous candle's High and with a Close within the
midpoint and the Low of the first bar. The greater the penetration into the previous candle's hollow body, the better
chance for a successful reversal.

The Dark Cloud study marks a bar if a dark cloud pattern occurs.

Link: [Link]

Demark's Pivot Points

Function Name: DMPP
Category: Price
Pivot Points calculated with Demark's method

Study Reference 17
Link: [Link]

Directional Movement Index

Function Name: DMIIND
Category: Trend
The Directional Movement Index (DMI) is used to determine whether a market is in a trending or non-trending mode
as well as to help identify whether it is bullish or bearish.

Link: [Link]

Directional Movement Minus

Function Name: DMIMINUS
Category: Trend
The Directional Movement Minus represents the difference between today's Low and yesterday's Low.

The Directional Movement Minus measures the downward movement of a market. This can be used as an indication
of a bullish market, which occurs when the Directional Movement Minus crosses under the Directional Movement
Plus. This signals an opportunity to establish a long position. Conversely, an indication of a bearish market occurs
when the Directional Movement Minus crosses above the Directional Movement Plus. This provides an opportunity to
establish a short position and/or liquidate any existing long positions.

Link: [Link]

Directional Movement Plus

Function Name: DMIPLUS
Category: Trend
The Directional Movement Plus indicator is calculated from a comparison of the highs on a series of consecutive bars
versus the true range.

The Directional Movement Plus indicator measures the upward movement of a market. Many analysts believe an
indication of a bullish market occurs when the Directional Movement Plus crosses over the Directional Movement
Minus. This signals an opportunity to establish a long position. Conversely, an indication of a bearish market occurs
when the Directional Movement Plus crosses below the Directional Movement Minus. This provides an opportunity to
establish a short position and/or liquidate any existing long positions.

Directional Movement System

Function Name: DMIS
Category: Trend
The concept of the Directional Movement System is based on the assumption that in an upward trend today's highest
price is higher than yesterday's highest price and in a downward trend today's lowest price is lower than yesterday's
lowest price.

The Directional Movement System indicator calculates and plots the DMI Plus and DMI Minus values. DMI Plus is
calculated from a comparison of the highs on a series of consecutive bars versus the true range; DMI Minus is
calculated from the lows on a series of consecutive bars versus the true range. These values are used to calculate

Study Reference 18
ADX, which is also plotted by this indicator. ADX is commonly used to indicate whether a market is trending. Rising
ADX values indicate a trending market without indication of the trend direction. The DMI Plus and DMI Minus,
components of the ADX, can aid in identifying direction. DMI Plus crossing over DMI Minus is a bullish sign, and vice
versa.

Link: [Link]

DMI Signal
Function Name: DMISIG
Category: Trend
The Directional Movement Index (DMI) is used to determine whether a market is in a trending or non-trending mode
as well as to help identify whether it is bullish or bearish.

Link: [Link]

Doji
Function Name: DOJI
Category: Candlestick
Doji is a name for candlesticks that provide information on their own and also feature in a number of important
patterns. Dojis form when a security's open and close are virtually equal. A doji candlestick looks like a cross, inverted
cross, or plus sign. Alone, doji are neutral patterns.

Link: [Link]

Donchian Channel
Function Name: DONCHIAN
Category: Price
A simple Price Channel of the Highest High of Last x Periods and Lowest Low of Last x Periods. In addition the
median of the upper and lower channel is plotted.

Author: Richard Davoud Donchian

Link: [Link]

Elliott Wave Oscillator

Function Name: EWO
Category: Oscillator
This indicator plots the difference between a slow and fast simple moving average as an oscillator. It oscillates above
and below zero.

Envelopes
Function Name: ENV
Study Reference 19
Category: Trend
The Envelopes represent bands that are plotted in a certain, identical relationship above and below the Moving
Average.

Link: [Link]

Evening Star
Function Name: EVENING_STAR
Category: Candlestick, Pattern
The evening star pattern is a sign of a bearish market and consists of a pattern shown through three bars. The first
candle is a long white body that continues the up-trend; the second candle of this pattern is a candle with a small
body that can be either hollow or filled but where the body is over the Close of the first bar. The third candle is a filled
body candle on which the body is gapping down under the second bar.

The Evening Star study marks a bar if an evening star pattern occurs.

Link: [Link]

Fast Stochastic Oscillator

Function Name: FSTO
Category: Momentum
The Stochastic Fast indicator is an oscillator that works similarly to the Relative Strength Index. It plots between 0 and
100; however, its overbought/oversold boundaries are wider which tend to make this oscillator more volatile.

The Stochastic Fast indicator calculates the location of a current price in relation to its range over a period of bars.
The default settings are to use the most recent 14 bars (k_period parameter), the High and Low of that period to
establish a range and the Close as the current price . This calculation is then indexed and plotted as %KF. A
smoothed average of %KF, known as %DF, is also plotted. %KF and %DF plot as oscillators with values from 0 to
100. The direction of the Stochastic should confirm price movement. For example, a rising Stochastic confirms rising
prices.

Stochastic can also help identify turning points when there are non-confirmations or divergences. For example, a new
high in price without a new high in Stochastic may indicate a false breakout. Stochastic is also used to identify
overbought and oversold conditions when the Stochastic reaches extreme highs or lows. Additionally, %KF crossing
above the smoother %DF can be a buy signal and vice versa.

Link: [Link]

Fibonacci Pivot Points

Function Name: FPP
Category: Price
Pivot Points calculated with the Fibonacci method

Link:
[Link]
Study Reference 20
Fisher Histogram
Function Name: FISHER_HISTOGRAM
Category: Trend
Histogram for the Fisher indicator

Fisher Transform
Function Name: FISHER
Category: Trend
Fisher Transform (FT) is based on the assumption that prices don't have a Gaussian probability density. When the
trend changes the indicator reverses very sharply.

This indicator can be very useful for pinpointing entries for short-term trades. When the FT crosses above the signal
line from below, it's a bullish signal and it's time to buy. When FT crosses below the signal line from above, it's a
bearish signal and it's time to sell.

Author: John Ehlers

Source: S&C Nov 2002: "Using The Fisher Transform"
Link: [Link]

Full Stochastic Oscillator

Function Name: FUSTO
Category: Momentum
Developed by George C. Lane in the late 1950s, the Stochastic Oscillator is a momentum indicator that shows the
location of the close relative to the high-low range over a set number of periods. According to an interview with Lane,
the Stochastic Oscillator "doesn't follow price, it doesn't follow volume or anything like that. It follows the speed or the
momentum of price. As a rule, the momentum changes direction before price." As such, bullish and bearish
divergences in the Stochastic Oscillator can be used to foreshadow reversals. This was the first, and most important,
signal that Lane identified. Lane also used this oscillator to identify bull and bear set-ups to anticipate a future
reversal. Because the Stochastic Oscillator is range bound, is also useful for identifying overbought and oversold
levels.

Calculation:
Fast %K = (Current Close - Lowest Low)/(Highest High - Lowest Low) * 100
Full %K = Fast %K smoothed with X-period SMA
Full %D = X-period SMA of Full %K

Parameters:
LBperiod: Look-back period (the period in which highest and lowest are calculated)
Kperiod: MA smoothing parameter for full %K
Dperiod: MA smoothing parameter for full %D

Link: [Link]

Study Reference 21
GMMA
Function Name: GMMA
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The GMMA is a Multi Exponential Moving Average Indicator with 12 different periods.

Link: [Link]

GMMA Oscillator
Function Name: GMMAO
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The GMMA Oscillator is a combination of:

- The difference between the EMA(3) and the EMA(15) as a line.

- The difference between the EMA(30) and the EMA(60) as a line.

- The difference between the EMA(15) and the EMA(60) as a histogram.

Link: [Link]

Hammer
Function Name: HAMMER
Category: Candlestick, Pattern
The hammer pattern usually occurs on a downtrend, and it is named so because this pattern is believed to hammer
out a bottom. Hammers indicate a bullish market on the horizon. A hammer requires that the bar have a short body
and that the lower shadow has to be at least twice as long as the real body of the candlestick.

The Hammer study marks a bar if a hammer pattern occurs.

Link: [Link]

Highest High
Function Name: HIGH
Category: Other
Highest High of last X periods

Ichimoku Kinko Hyo

Function Name: ICHI
Category: Price

Study Reference 22
The indicator consists of 5 lines:

Kijun Sen (Standard Line)

Average of the highest and the lowest price of the past 26 days.

Tenkan Sen (Turning Line)

Average of the highest and the lowest price of the past 9 days

Chikou Span (Delayed Line)

Backward projection of today's price (26 days delayed)

Senkou Span A (1st preceeding Line)

Forward projection of the average of Standard Line and Turning Line (26 days)

Senkou Span B (2nd preceeding Line)

Forward projection of the highest and the lowest price of the past 52 days (26 days)

The calculation of the lines is based on the highest high and the lowest low of a period.

Link: [Link]

Keltner Channel
Function Name: KELTNER
Category: Trend, Volatility, Bands
The Keltner Channel is a channel that is based on a multiplication (Factor) of Average True Ranges above and below
a moving average. Keltner Channel is most commonly used with studies or strategies that measure or take advantage
of market volatility. It is similar in concept to the Bollinger Bands.

The Keltner Channel returns the Simple Moving Average of the Close prices for the previous bars in a chosen Period,
added to the Average True Range value and multiplied with the Factor parameter.

Author: Chester W. Keltner

Link: [Link]

Know Sure Thing

Function Name: KST
Category: Momentum, Oscillator
The indicator consists of two lines (KST line and Signal line). It oscilllates above and below zero.

Link: [Link]

Study Reference 23
Linear Regression
Function Name: LR
Category: Trend, Statistics
The Linear Regression indicator is a statistical tool used to predict future market values relative to their past values,
and is normally plotted on a price chart as a straight line like a trend line. The Linear Regression indicator, however,
does not plot a straight line when it is plotted, it curves through price activity. Its curve is a result of plotting a line
through each end point of invisible linear regression trend lines. Each invisible trend line plots the minimal distance
between closing prices, using the least squares method, over the number of bars defined in the input Period.

The indicator helps to determine where a market's price might be in the near future using current and past price
history. If prices are trending up, linear regression attempts to logically determine what the upward bias of the price
may be relative to the current price. If prices are trending down, it will attempt to determine the downward bias of the
price. Some analysts believe that when prices rise above or fall below the linear regression line, they are
overextended and will begin to move back towards the line. Thus, the line is used to monitor when a price move may
change direction.

Link: [Link]

Lowest Low
Function Name: LOW
Category: Other
Lowest Low of last X periods

MACD
Function Name: MACD
Category: Trend, Moving Average Convergence Divergence, Moving Averages
The Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) indicator calculates moving averages that can monitor and
signal trends. It is both a trend-following indicator as well as an oscillator.

The Moving Average Convergence Divergence indicator calculates two exponential moving averages of the lengths
specified by the inputs mov1 and mov2. The difference between these two averages is then plotted as the MACD.
This value is also averaged for the number of bars specified by the input Trigger and then plotted as the TRIGG.
Finally, the difference between the MACD and the TRIGG is calculated and plotted as the OscE. As a trend-following
indicator, the MACD may be interpreted similarly to other moving averages. When the MACD crosses above the
MACD Average, an uptrend may be beginning, indicating a buy signal. Conversely, when the MACD crosses below
the TRIGG, a downtrend may be beginning. As an oscillator, the MACD can signal overbought and oversold
conditions.

Link: [Link]

MACD Cross and Overzero Signal

Function Name: MACDCROZSIG
Category: Trend, Crossover, Moving Average Convergence Divergence
A trend-following momentum indicator that shows the relationship between two moving averages of prices. The
MACD is calculated by subtracting the 26-day exponential moving average (EMA) from the 12-day EMA. A nine-day
EMA of the MACD, called the "signal line", is then plotted on top of the MACD, functioning as a trigger for buy and sell
signals

Study Reference 24
There are three common methods used to interpret the MACD:

1. Crossovers - As shown in the chart above, when the MACD falls below the signal line, it is a bearish signal, which
indicates that it may be time to sell. Conversely, when the MACD rises above the signal line, the indicator gives a
bullish signal, which suggests that the price of the asset is likely to experience upward momentum. Many traders wait
for a confirmed cross above the signal line before entering into a position to avoid getting getting "faked out" or
entering into a position too early, as shown by the first arrow.

2. Divergence - When the security price diverges from the MACD. It signals the end of the current trend.

3. Dramatic rise - When the MACD rises dramatically - that is, the shorter moving average pulls away from the longer-
term moving average - it is a signal that the security is overbought and will soon return to normal levels.

Traders also watch for a move above or below the zero line because this signals the position of the short-term
average relative to the long-term average. When the MACD is above zero, the short-term average is above the long-
term average, which signals upward momentum. The opposite is true when the MACD is below zero. As you can see
from the chart above, the zero line often acts as an area of support and resistance for the indicator.

Signal criteria:
- Previous MACD value more than previous Signal value and today MACD value less than today Signal value then
displays "sell" signal.
- Previous MACD value less than previous Signal value and today MACD value more than today Signal value and
today MACD value more than zero then displays "buy" signal.

Parameters:
mov1, mov2: Periods for MACD calculation (MACD=EMA(P,mov1)-EMA(P,mov2))
Trigger: Period for MACD trigger signal calculation
UseOverzeroCondition: If set to true, "Buy" signal will require the additional condition that MACD must be greater
than zero.
ShowHistogram, ShowMacd, ShowTrigger, ShowTraderMark: Display flags

MACD Cross Signal

Function Name: MACDCRSIG
Category: Crossover, Moving Average Convergence Divergence
This signal works similar to the "MACD Cross and Overzero Signal", but without the additional condition that MACD
must be greater than zero.

MACD Forest
Function Name: MACDF
Category: Trend
The MACD Forest displays the difference between MACD and the trigger line. The Moving Average Convergence
Divergence indicator calculates moving averages that can monitor and signal trends. It is both a trend-following
indicator as well as an oscillator.

The Moving Average Convergence Divergence indicator calculates two exponential moving averages of the lengths
specified by the inputs mov1 and mov2. The difference between these two averages is then plotted as the MACD.
This value is also averaged for the number of bars specified by the input Trigger and then plotted as the TRIGG.
Finally, the difference between the MACD and the TRIGG is calculated and plotted as the MACD Forest.

Study Reference 25
As a trend-following indicator, the MACD may be interpreted similarly to other moving averages. When the MACD
crosses above the MACD Average, an uptrend may be beginning, indicating a buy signal. Conversely, when the
MACD crosses below the TRIGG, a downtrend may be beginning. As an oscillator, the MACD can signal overbought
and oversold conditions.

Link: [Link]

Momentum
Function Name: MOM
Category: Momentum
The Momentum is calculated by computing the continuous difference between prices at fixed intervals. The default
settings calculate and plot the net change between the Close of a bar and the Close 20 bars earlier. Measuring
current prices versus earlier prices sheds light on the pace of a trend and possible trend reversals. It may also be
useful in identifying overbought and oversold conditions when the Momentum becomes extremely strong or weak.

Link: [Link]

Money Flow Index

Function Name: MFI
Category: Other
The Money Flow Index is a momentum indicator used to measure the strength of money flowing in and out of an
asset. It calculates an indexed value based on price and volume for the number of bars specified in the input Period.
Calculations are made for each bar with an average price greater than the previous bar and for each bar with an
average price less than the previous bar. These values are then indexed to calculate and plot the Money Flow. The
use of both price and volume provides a different perspective from price or volume alone. The Money Flow indicator
tends to show dramatic oscillations and can be useful in identifying overbought and oversold conditions.

Link: [Link]

Morning Star
Function Name: MS
Category: Candlestick, Pattern
The morning star pattern is a sign of a bullish market; these characteristics are shown through three bars. The first
continues the downtrend; the second is under the Close of the first bar. The third is gapping up over the second bar.

The Morning Star study marks a bar if a morning star pattern occurs.

Link: [Link]

Moving Average
Function Name: SMA

Study Reference 26
Category: Trend, Moving Averages, SMA
The moving average may be the most widely used indicator. The Simple Moving Average gives equal weight to all the
prices in the series.

The Simple Moving Average indicator is generally used to identify or confirm a trend and works best in trending
markets. It will not signal that a trend change is imminent, but it will help determine if an existing trend is still in motion
and help confirm when a trend reversal has taken place.

A moving average is generally used for trend identification. Attention is given to the direction in which the average is
moving and to the relative position of prices and the moving average. Rising moving average values (direction) and
prices above the moving average (position) would indicate an uptrend. Declining moving average values and prices
below the moving average would indicate a downtrend.

Moving Average Cross Signal

Function Name: SMACRSIG
Category: Trend, Moving Averages, Crossover
This study marks a bar at any intersection point of two moving averages with different periods, and gives a buy/sell
signal.

Moving Average Exponential

Function Name: EMA
Category: Trend, EMA, Moving Averages
The moving average may be the most widely used indicator. The Exponential Moving Average indicator calculates
and plots an exponentially weighted average of prices (Close prices), from each of the most recent number of bars
specified by the Period parameter.

The Exponential Moving Average indicator assigns more weight to recent price data, and less weight to prices further
back in time. It is more sensitive to price activity than the simple moving average and tends to stick closer to the
trend.

A moving average is generally used for trend identification. Attention is given to the direction in which the average is
moving and to the relative position of prices and the moving average. Rising moving average values (direction) and
prices above the moving average (position) would indicate an uptrend. Declining moving average values and prices
below the moving average would indicate a downtrend.

Parameters:
period: Number of bars used for calculating the moving average.
shift: Vertical shift of the moving average line, given as percentage.

Moving Average Momentum

Function Name: MOVS_MOM
Category: Momentum, Trend, Moving Averages
The Moving Average Momentum study intensifies the smoothing affect of a MA. It is calculated as the difference of
the MA value at time t and the MA value at t-1.

Moving Average Rolling

Function Name: RMA

Study Reference 27
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The moving average may be the most widely used indicator. The Rolling Moving Average indicator calculates and
plots a moving average of prices (closing prices), from each of the most recent number of bars specified by the
Periods parameter. The Rolling Moving Average indicator assigns a weight to the price data as the average is
calculated, though less weight is assigned to each later price in the series.

A moving average is generally used for trend identification. Attention is given to the direction in which the average is
moving and to the relative position of prices and the moving average. Rising moving average values (direction) and
prices above the moving average (position) would indicate an uptrend. Declining moving average values and prices
below the moving average would indicate a downtrend.

Moving Average Triangular

Function Name: TRIMA
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The Moving Averages Triangular indicator places the majority of the weight on the middle portion of the price series.
They are actually double-smoothed simple moving averages. The periods used in the simple moving averages varies
depending on if you specify an odd or even number of time periods.

Moving Average Triple

Function Name: TMA
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The moving average may be the most widely used indicator. The Triple Moving Average indicator calculates and plots
three simple arithmetic averages of the same prices (Close prices), from each of the most recent number of bars
specified by the Period parameter. How the three averages relate to each other can help determine the strength or
weakness of a trend. It can also be used to determine bullish and bearish trends as well as to generate buy and sell
signals.

Moving averages are generally used for trend identification. Attention is given to the direction in which the averages
are moving and to the relative position of prices and the averages. Rising moving average values (direction) and
prices above the short moving average and the shorter moving averages above the longer moving averages
(position) would indicate an uptrend. Declining moving average values and prices below the short moving average
and the shorter moving averages below the longer moving averages would indicate a downtrend. Using multiple
moving averages may make it easier to gauge neutral periods, or differentiate between strong and weak trends.

Moving Average Weighted

Function Name: WMA
Category: Trend, WMA
The moving average may be the most widely used indicator. The Weighted Moving Average indicator calculates and
plots a weighted average of prices, from each of the most recent number of bars specified by the Period parameter.
The Weighted Moving Average indicator assigns more weight to recent price data, and less weight to prices further
back in time. It is used for the same purpose and in the same way as a moving average. However, it can provide
stronger and earlier indications to trend direction and reversals because it tracks the recent data more closely.

Moving average is generally used for trend identification. Attention is given to the direction in which the average is
moving and to the relative position of prices and the moving average. Rising moving average values (direction) and
prices above the moving average (position) would indicate an uptrend. Declining moving average values and prices
below the moving average would indicate a downtrend.

Negative Volume Index

Function Name: NVI
Category: Volume

Study Reference 28
The Negative Volume Index (NVI) displays changes only on days when volume decreases from the previous day. The
interpretation is based on the assumption that on days with increasing trade volumes, the crowd-following
"uninformed" investors are in the market.

Link: [Link]

On Balance Volume
Function Name: OBV
Category: Price, Volume
The On Balance Volume indicator is calculated as the continuous consecutive sum of volumes, whereby the entire
volume of the day is added to the volume of the previous day's OBV, if today's closing price is above yesterday's
closing price, and entire volume of the day is subtracted from the volume of the previous day's OBV if today's closing
price is below yesterday's closing price.

The use of both price and volume provides a different perspective from price or volume alone. For example, higher
prices with light volume will cause On Balance Volume to rise slowly, possibly indicating that the trend lacks
conviction.

Link: [Link]

Open Interest
Function Name: OI
Category: Other, OI
The Open Interest (OI) indicator plots the number of open contracts for the futures market. It can help confirm trends
and trend reversals. An increase in the OI along with an increase in price confirms an upward trend. A decrease while
prices are making new highs is often seen as a signal of a possible trend reversal.

Link: [Link]

Parabolic Stop and Reversal

Function Name: SAR
Category: Trend, SAR
The Parabolic Stop and Reversal is based on the relationship between a market's price and time, and plots a series
of trailing stops. The Parabolic Stop and Reversal indicator is used to determine when to stop and reverse your
position (SAR) in a market utilizing time/price-based stops. Once a Parabolic SAR is reached, the current position is
exited and a new position in the opposite direction is taken. This indicator is primarily used in trending markets and is
based on always having a position in the market. This indicator helps to determine stop points and when you might
reverse a position and trade the opposite direction.

Link: [Link]

Percentage Price Oscillator

Function Name: PPO

Study Reference 29
Category: Trend, Oscillator
The Price Oscillator calculates and plots on the chart difference between LongPeriod and ShortPeriod simple moving
averages of the Close price, shown as percentages.

The Price Oscillator illustrates the cyclical and often profitable signals generated by these one or two moving average
systems. It is a trend following indicator and does an outstanding job of keeping you on the right side of the market
during trending periods. However, during less decisive periods, the Price Oscillator produces small losses.

Moving average analysis typically generates buy signals when a short-term moving average rises above a longer-
term moving average. Conversely, sell signals are generated when a shorter-term moving average falls below a
longer-term moving average.

Piercing
Function Name: PIERCING
Category: Candlestick
A technical trading signal that is marked by a closing down day with a good-sized trading range, followed by a trading
gap (drop) lower the following day that covers at least half of the upward length of the previous day's real body (the
range between the opening and closing prices), and then closes up for the day. A piercing pattern often signals the
end of a small to moderate downward trend. A piercing pattern can serve as an indicator that it is time to either buy a
stock or close out short positions because the stock may be trending upward soon. It should not, however, be used
as a stand-alone indicator, but should be compared against other bullish and bearish indicators.

Link: [Link]

Positive Volume Index

Function Name: PVI
Category: Volume
The Positive Volume Index (PVI) concentrates on the market in times of increasing trade volumes. Like the Negative
Volume Index, it is a cumulative indicator. It is only calculated when the volume increases compared to the previous
day; otherwise, it stays the same.

Link: [Link]

Pretty Good Oscillator

Function Name: PGO
Category: Oscillator
The Pretty Good Oscillator measures the distance between the current close price and its moving average.

Price Cross EMA Signal

Function Name: PRCREMASIG
Category: Trend, Crossover, Exponential Moving Average
The lastest bar crossover or below of exponential moving average with different period then gives a buy/sell signal

Parameters:

Study Reference 30
 Period: Period for EMA expressed in number of bars.
ShowEMA: EMA display control flag.

Note:
The last bar might trigger a buy/sell signal intermittently when the indicator is calculated on each new tick. This
can be avoided if the "calculate on each new bar" option is selected, that way the indicator will not be calculated on
the last bar.

Price Rate of Change

Function Name: ROC
Category: Momentum, Rate of Change, ROC
The Price Rate of Change indicator calculates the difference between the current price and the price x-periods ago as
a percentage. Crossing above the zero line is considered to be positive indication and to some a buy signal. Crossing
below the zero line is considered to be negative and to some a sell signal. Measuring current prices versus earlier
prices sheds light on the pace of a trend and possible trend reversals. It may also be useful in identifying overbought
and oversold conditions when the Price Rate of Change becomes extremely strong or weak.

The Price Rate of Change indicator is one of the easiest and most effective indicators you'll find. The Price Rate of
Change indicator lends itself to overbought and oversold interpretation. The problem is that there are no hard-and-
fast rules about where the lines should be drawn (even more reason to make them variables), since the magnitude of
the oscillations will vary according to the volatility of the underlying security and the time span being considered. For
this reason overbought and oversold lines are constructed on the basis of judgment.

Relative Strength Index

Function Name: RSI
Category: Momentum, Relative Strength Index
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) indicator calculates a value based on the cumulative strength and weakness of
price (Close price), over the period specified by the Period parameter. For that number of bars, RSI accumulates the
points gained on bars with higher Closes and the points lost on bars with lower Closes. These two sums are indexed,
with the index plotted on the chart.

The Relative Strength Index is an oscillator with values that range from 0 to 100. The RSI plots upper and lower
boundaries to determine overbought and oversold market conditions. The direction of RSI should confirm price
movement. For example, a rising RSI confirms rising prices.

The RSI can also help identify turning points when there are non-confirmations or divergences. For example, a new
high in price without a new high in RSI may indicate a false breakout. RSI is also used to identify overbought and
oversold conditions when the RSI value reaches extreme highs or lows. This indicator automatically changes the
color of the RSI plot when it exceeds either of the levels specified in the inputs BuyZone and SellZone. Horizontal
reference lines are also plotted at these levels as visual aids.

Link: [Link]

RSI Levy
Function Name: RSL
Category: Momentum
Relative Strength Index after Levy

Study Reference 31
Sequence Counter
Function Name: SEQC
Category: Other
Sequence counter displayed over bars

Shooting Star
Function Name: SHOOTING_STAR
Category: Candlestick, Pattern
A type of candlestick formation that results when a security's price, at some point during the day, advances well
above the opening price but closes lower than the opening price. In order for a candlestick to be considered a
shooting star, the formation must be on an upward or bullish trend. Furthermore, the distance between the highest
price for the day and the opening price must be more than twice as large as the shooting star's body. Finally, the
distance between the lowest price for the day and the closing price must be very small or nonexistent.

Link: [Link]

Slow Stochastic Oscillator

Function Name: SSTO
Category: Momentum
The Stochastic Slow indicator is an oscillator that works similarly to the Relative Strength Index. It plots between 0
and 100; however, its overbought/oversold boundaries are wider which tend to make this oscillator more volatile. The
Stochastic Slow is a smoother version of the Stochastic Fast.

The Stochastic Slow indicator calculates the location of a Close price in relation to its range over a period of bars. The
default settings are to use the most recent 14 bars (k_period), the High and Low of that period to establish a range
and the Close as the current price.

This calculation is then indexed, smoothed and plotted as %KS. A smoothed average of %KS, known as %DS, is also
plotted. %KS and %DS plot as oscillators with values from 0 to 100. The direction of the Stochastic should confirm
price movement. For example, rising Stochastic confirms rising prices.

Stochastic can also help identify turning points when there are non-confirmations or divergences. For example, a new
high in price without a new high in Stochastic may indicate a false breakout. Stochastic is also used to identify
overbought and oversold conditions when the Stochastic reaches extreme highs or lows. Additionally, %KS crossing
above the smoother %DS can be a buy signal and vice versa.

Link: [Link]

Standard Deviation
Function Name: SD
Category: Volatility, Statistics
The Standard Deviation indicator is a statistical measurement of volatility. It is derived by calculating an n-time period
Simple Moving Average of the data item; summing the squares of the difference between the data item and its
Moving Average over each of the preceding n-time periods; dividing this sum by n and calculating the square root of
this result.

Study Reference 32
Standard deviation is a statistical concept that illustrates how a specific set of values spread around an average
value. This statistical tool is used in several analysis techniques such as Bollinger Bands.

Link: [Link]

Standard Pivot Points

Function Name: PPL
Category: Price
A technical indicator derived by calculating the numerical average of a particular stock's high, low and closing prices.
The pivot point is used as a predictive indicator. If the following day's market price falls below the pivot point, it may
be used as a new resistance level. Conversely, if the market price rises above the pivot point, it may act as the new
support level.

Link: [Link]

Starc Bands
Function Name: STARC_BANDS
Category: Volatility, Bands
The STARC Bands indicator creates a channel that surrounds a Simple Moving Average. The width of the channel
varies with a period of the average range; thus the name ('ST' for Stoller, plus 'ARC' for Average Range Channel).
The STARC Bands indicator plots two curves on the chart - above (STARC1) and below (STARC2) the Simple
Moving Average.

Link: [Link]

Stochastic Momentum
Function Name: STMOM
Category: Momentum
The Stochastic Momentum Index (SMI) incorporates an interesting twist on the popular Stochastic Oscillator. While
the Stochastic Oscillator provides you with a value showing the distance the current Close is relative to the recent x-
period high/low range, the SMI shows you where the Close is relative to the midpoint of the recent x-period high/low
range.

Author: William Blau

Stochastic RSI
Function Name: STRSI
Category: Momentum
The Stochastic RSI indicator calculates the level of RSI over a given period of time, and it varies between 0 and 1.

Study Reference 33
There are two conditions that you look for when interpreting the Stochastic - RSI indicator: When the Stochastic - RSI
indicator advances from below to above 0.20 a buy signal is generated. A sell signal is generated when the indicator
crosses from above to below 0.80.

To confirm signals and reduce whipsaws a centerline (0.50) was introduced. The sell signal is generated when the
indicator crosses the centerline from below. Conversely, when the indicator crosses the centerline from above, a sell
signal is generated.

Author: Tushar Chande, Stanley Kroll

Link: [Link]

Supertrend
Function Name: SUPERTREND
Category: Volatility
SuperTrend is a moving stop and reversal line based on the volatility.

Parameters:
Period - calculation period for average volatility
Factor - determines the distance to the market

Trend Intensity Index

Function Name: TII
Category: Trend
TII is used to indicate the strength of the current trend in the market. The stronger the current trend, the more likely
the market will continue moving in the current direction.

Author: M.H. Pee

Link: [Link]

TRIX
Function Name: TRIX
Category: Trend, Moving Averages
The TRIX oscillates around a zero line. Its triple exponential smoothing is designed to filter out insignificant cycles and
show the prevailing trend of the base instrument.

The TRIX indicator is an oscillator used to identify oversold and overbought markets and it can also be used as a
momentum indicator. When used as an oscillator, a positive value indicates an overbought market while a negative
value indicates an oversold market. As a momentum indicator, a positive value suggests momentum is increasing
while a negative value suggests momentum is decreasing. TRIX crossing above the zero line is a buy signal while
closing below the zero line is a sell signal. Also, divergences between price and TRIX can indicate significant turning
points in the market.

TRIX calculates a triple exponential moving average of Close price over the period of time specified by the Period
parameter. The current bar's value is subtracted by the previous bar's value. This value along with zero line is plotted
it on the chart.

Study Reference 34
Two main advantages of TRIX compared to other trend-following indicators are its excellent filtration of market noise
as well as its tendency to be a leading rather than a lagging indicator. It filters out market noise using the triple
exponential average calculation thus eliminating minor short term cycles that may otherwise signal a change in
market direction. Its ability to lead a market stems from its measurement of the difference between each bar's
"smoothed" versions of the price information. When interpreted as a leading indicator, TRIX is best used in
conjunction with another market timing indicator to minimize the effect of false indications.

Link: [Link]

True Range
Function Name: TR
Category: Volatility
The True Range indicator is a tool for a precise and realistic calculation of the market's price activity. This value is
considered when calculating the directional movement of a market.

Author: Welles Wilder

Link: [Link]

True Strength Index

Function Name: TSI
Category: Momentum
A technical momentum indicator that helps traders determine overbought and oversold conditions of a security by
incorporating the short-term purchasing momentum of the market with the lagging benefits of moving averages.
Generally a 25-day exponential moving average (EMA) is applied to the difference between two share prices, and
then a 13-day EMA is applied to the result, making the indicator more sensitive to prevailing market conditions.

Parameters:
period1: Period of the first EMA pass.
period2: Period of the second EMA pass.

Link: [Link]

Ultimate Oscillator
Function Name: UO
Category: Volatility, Oscillator
The Ultimate Oscillator is an oscillator that combines short, intermediate and long-range market cycles. It is primarily
used to identify divergences between the indicator and price activity, and works best in choppy or non-trending
markets.

The Ultimate Oscillator indicator calculates the sums of the True Ranges of the number of bars specified by the
Period1, Period2 and Period3 parameters. These sums are divided into the sums of the distance from the Close to
the Low. This value is weighted for the three lengths and plotted on the chart.

Study Reference 35
Divergences between the Ultimate Oscillator as well as a breakout in the trend of the indicator are significant signals.
For example, a bullish divergence is said to occur if market prices reach a new low but the indicator does not follow.
Conversely, a bearish divergence is said to occur if market prices reach a new high but the indicator does not follow.

Vertical Horizontal Filter

Function Name: VHFILT
Category: Trend
The Vertical Horizontal Filter ("VHF") indicator determines whether prices are in a trending phase or a congestion
phase. The VHF indicator attempts to determine the "trendiness" of prices to help you decide which indicators to use.

There are three ways to interpret the VHF indicator:

- You can use the VHF values themselves to determine the degree that prices are trending. The higher the VHF, the
higher the degree of trending and the more you should be using trend-following indicators.

- You can use the direction of the VHF to determine whether a trending or congestion phase is developing. A rising
VHF indicates a developing trend; a falling VHF indicates that prices may be entering a congestion phase.

- You can use the VHF as a contrarian's indicator. Expect congestion periods to follow high VHF values; expect prices
to trend following low VHF values.

Volatility
Function Name: VOLA
Category: Volatility, Statistics
The Volatility indicator calculates and plots a smoothed average of the True Range. True Range measures the
conventional range of a bar but checks the previous bar's closing price to see if it is outside the current bar's range. If
it is, then that closing price is used instead of the High or Low. That is, the previous bar's Close is considered part of
the current bar's range. This helps account for gaps between bars. This indicator may be considered a tool for
measuring the volatility of a market using a price range concept. Often, extremes in Volatility are associated with a
change in character of a market, from trending to trading range and vice versa. This volatility calculation, based on
True Range, returns a value in points.

Link: [Link]

Volatility Stops
Function Name: VOLST
Category: Volatility
Volatility Stops indicator

Volume Accumulation-Distribution
Function Name: VAD
Category: Volume
The Volume Accumulation-Distribution indicator is a further stage of the On Balance Volume indicator. In contrast to
the On Balance Volume, the overall trade volume is not taken into account, but rather a measured proportion
according to the relationship between closing price and the median price.

Study Reference 36
Author: Marc Chaikin
Link: [Link]

Volume Moving Average

Function Name: VMA
Category: Volume
The Volume Average indicator plots a 50-bar average of the volume overlaid on the current volume. You can change
the number of bars used to calculate the average.

Link: [Link]

Vortex Indicator
Function Name: VORT
Category: Trend
Link: [Link]

William's %R
Function Name: W%R
Category: Momentum
The Williams Percent R indicator shows the relationship between the current Close and the trading range over the
look back period. The values are then treated as an overbought/oversold indicator.

It can be used to indicate when to buy on troughs in bull markets and sell on rallies in bear markets. In general, this
indicator can help you take advantage of shorter-term counter trend moves occurring within longer-term trends as well
as indicate the best time to exit or enter a market.

An oversold market is believed to occur when the William's Percent R line is less than the BuyZone line. Conversely,
an overbought market is believed to occur when the Percent R line is greater than the SellZone line.

Link: [Link]

Woodie's Pivot Points

Function Name: WPP
Category: Price
Pivot Points calculated with Woodie's method

Link: [Link]

Zig Zag
Function Name: ZZ

Study Reference 37
Category: Swing
A trend following indicator that is used to predict when a given security's momentum is reversing. The indicator is
used by traders to eliminate random price fluctuations and attempts to profit when the trend changes. The Zig Zag
tool is often used in wave analysis to determine the positioning of the stock in the overall cycle. Like many trend
following indicators, the disadvantage is that the result is based off past price history and doesn't change direction
until a certain move occurs. Given the lag, many traders will want to use the Zig Zag indicator to confirm the direction
of the trend rather than timing an entry/exit.

Parameters:
Sensitivity - Minimum relative difference (given in percentage) between consecutive turnpoints on the zigzag line.

Link: [Link]

Study Reference 38
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Austria

E-Mail: support@[Link]

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User Guide for the HTML5 Chart

October 2024

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