LCAT — Maths Practice (Chapter-wise) — 10

Questions per Topic

Arithmetic: Percentages & Ratios

Q1. If a price increases from 400 to 520, what is the percentage increase?
Solution:
Step 1: Change = 520 - 400 = 120. Step 2: Percentage increase = (Change/Old)×100 = (120/400)×100 =
30.00%.

Q2. A is to B as 3 is to 5. If A + B = 40, find A and B.

Solution:
Step 1: Ratio parts = 3+5=8. Step 2: A = 3/8×40 = 15, B = 5/8×40 = 25.

Q3. A shop gives 15% discount on an item priced at 1200. What is the sale price?
Solution:
Step 1: Discount amount = 0.15×1200 = 180.0. Step 2: Sale price = 1200 - 180.0 = 1020.0.

Q4. If 20% of a number is 48, what is the number?

Solution:
Step 1: Let number = x. 20% of x = 48 ⇒ 0.2x = 48. Step 2: x = 48/0.2 = 240.0.

Q5. A is 40% of B. If B = 150, find A.

Solution:
Step 1: A = 40% of B = 0.4×150 = 60.0.

Q6. A quantity is decreased by 25% and then increased by 25%. Is the final quantity equal to the original?
Explain.
Solution:
Step 1: Start with 100. After 25% decrease → 75. Step 2: Increase 75 by 25% → 75×1.25 = 93.75.
Conclusion: Final is
93.75, not equal to original (100).

Q7. If a:b = 4:7, and a + b = 55, find a and b.

Solution:
Step 1: Sum of ratio parts = 4+7=11. Step 2: a = 4/11×55 = 20, b = 7/11×55 = 35.

Q8. A student scored 72% marks out of 400. How many marks did he obtain?
Solution:
Step 1: Marks obtained = 72% of 400 = 0.72×400 = 288.

Q9. If x is increased by 10% and then decreased by 10%, net percent change?
Solution:
Step 1: Start 100 → after +10% = 110.00000000000001. Step 2: Then -10% = 99.00000000000001. Net
change = -1.00%.

Q10. If 3/5 of a number is 84, find the number.

Solution:
Step 1: (3/5)x = 84 ⇒ x = 84×(5/3) = 140.
Algebra: Linear Equations

Q1. Solve for x: 3x + 5 = 20.

Solution:
Step 1: 3x = 20 - 5 = 15. Step 2: x = 15/3 = 5.

Q2. Solve: 2(x - 3) = x + 7.

Solution:
Step 1: 2x - 6 = x + 7 ⇒ 2x - x = 7 + 6 ⇒ x = 13.

Q3. Find x if 4x - 7 = 2x + 9.
Solution:
Step 1: 4x - 2x = 9 + 7 ⇒ 2x = 16 ⇒ x = 8.

Q4. If 5x + 2 = 3(x + 4), find x.

Solution:
Step 1: 5x + 2 = 3x + 12 ⇒ 5x - 3x = 12 - 2 ⇒ 2x = 10 ⇒ x = 5.

Q5. Solve for y: (y/3) + 4 = 10.

Solution:
Step 1: y/3 + 4 = 10 ⇒ y/3 = 6 ⇒ y = 18.

Q6. If 7x - 2 = 3(2x + 5), find x.

Solution:
Step 1: 7x - 2 = 6x + 15 ⇒ 7x -6x = 15 +2 ⇒ x = 17.

Q7. Find x: (x/4) - 2 = 3.

Solution:
Solution steps not available for this specific phrasing; please ask for clarification.

Q8. Solve: 9 - 2x = 3(x - 1).

Solution:
Step 1: 9 - 2x = 3x - 3 ⇒ -2x -3x = -3 -9 ⇒ -5x = -12 ⇒ x = 12/5.

Q9. If 1/2(x + 6) = 7, find x.

Solution:
Step 1: (x + 6)/2 = 7 ⇒ x + 6 = 14 ⇒ x = 8.

Q10. Solve for t: 4(t - 1) + 3 = 2t + 11.

Solution:
Step 1: 4t -4 +3 = 2t +11 ⇒ 4t -1 = 2t +11 ⇒ 2t = 12 ⇒ t = 6.
Algebra: Quadratics

Q1. Solve: x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0.

Solution:
Step 1: Factorize: x^2 -5x +6 = (x-2)(x-3). Step 2: Roots x=2,3.

Q2. Find roots of x^2 + x - 12 = 0.

Solution:
Step 1: Factor: (x+4)(x-3)=0 ⇒ x=-4,3.

Q3. Solve: x^2 - 4x + 4 = 0.

Solution:
Step 1: (x-2)^2 = 0 ⇒ x=2 (double root).

Q4. If x^2 - 7x + 10 = 0, find x.

Solution:
Step 1: (x-5)(x-2)=0 ⇒ x=5 or 2.

Q5. Solve: 2x^2 - 3x - 5 = 0.

Solution:
Step 1: Discriminant ∆ = (-3)^2 - 4×2×(-5) = 49. Step 2: Roots = (3 ± √49)/(4) ⇒ 2.50, -1.00.

Q6. Find the vertex of y = x^2 - 6x + 5.

Solution:
Step 1: Vertex x-coordinate = -b/(2a) = 6/2 = 3.0. Step 2: y = 3.0^2 -6×3.0+5 = -4.0. Vertex = (3.0,-4.0).

Q7. If (x - 2) is a factor of x^3 - 5x^2 + kx + 4, find k.

Solution:
Step 1: If (x-2) is factor put x=2 ⇒ 8 -20 + 2k +4 =0. Step 2: Solve -8 +2k =0 ⇒ k=4.

Q8. Solve: x^2 + 4x + 3 = 0.

Solution:
Step 1: Factor (x+1)(x+3)=0 ⇒ x=-1,-3.

Q9. Find discriminant of x^2 - 2x + 5 = 0 and comment on roots.

Solution:
Step 1: ∆ = 4 - 20 = -16. Step 2: Since ∆<0, roots are complex (no real roots).

Q10. If product of roots of x^2 - px + 8 = 0 is 8, find relation between p and roots.

Solution:
Step 1: For x^2 - px + 8 = 0, product of roots = c/a = 8. Step 2: That matches given product 8; p equals
sum of roots
but unknown numeric value.
Inequalities & Absolute Value

Q1. Solve: 2x + 3 > 7.

Solution:
Step 1: 2x > 4 ⇒ x > 2.

Q2. Solve: -3x + 5 ≤ 11.

Solution:
Step 1: -3x ≤ 6 ⇒ x ≥ -2.

Q3. Solve: |x - 4| = 7.
Solution:
Step 1: x -4 = 7 ⇒ x=11. Or x -4 = -7 ⇒ x=-3.

Q4. Solve: |2x + 1| ≤ 5.

Solution:
Step 1: -5 ≤ 2x +1 ≤ 5 ⇒ -6 ≤ 2x ≤ 4 ⇒ -3 ≤ x ≤ 2.

Q5. Solve: x/2 - 3 < 1.

Solution:
Step 1: x/2 < 4 ⇒ x < 8.

Q6. Solve: |3x - 2| > 4.

Solution:
Step 1: 3x -2 >4 ⇒ x > 2. Or 3x -2 < -4 ⇒ x < -2/3.

Q7. Solve: -2 ≤ x - 1 < 3.

Solution:
Step 1: Add 1: -1 ≤ x < 4.

Q8. Solve: |x + 3| ≥ 6.
Solution:
Step 1: x +3 ≥ 6 ⇒ x ≥ 3. Or x +3 ≤ -6 ⇒ x ≤ -9.

Q9. Solve: 4 - x < 2x + 1.

Solution:
Step 1: 4 - x < 2x +1 ⇒ 4 -1 < 3x ⇒ 3 < 3x ⇒ x >1.

Q10. Solve: |2x - 5| = 3.

Solution:
Step 1: 2x -5 =3 ⇒ 2x =8 ⇒ x=4. Or 2x -5 = -3 ⇒ 2x =2 ⇒ x=1.
Coordinate Geometry

Q1. Find slope of line through (2,3) and (5,11).

Solution:
Step 1: Slope m = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1) = (11-3)/(5-2) = 2.6666666666666665.

Q2. Find equation of line with slope 2 passing through (1, -1).
Solution:
Step 1: Use y - y1 = m(x - x1): y +1 = 2(x -1) ⇒ y = 2x -3.

Q3. Find midpoint of (4, -2) and (8, 6).

Solution:
Step 1: Midpoint = ((4+8)/2, (-2+6)/2) = (6.0,2.0).

Q4. Find distance between (0,0) and (3,4).

Solution:
Step 1: Distance = √((3-0)^2 + (4-0)^2) = √(9+16) = √25 = 5.

Q5. Find x-intercept of line y = 2x - 6.

Solution:
Step 1: Put y=0: 0 = 2x -6 ⇒ x =3. x-intercept (3,0).

Q6. Find equation of perpendicular to y = -1/2 x + 3 through (2,1).

Solution:
Step 1: Slope of given line = -1/2; perpendicular slope = 2. Step 2: y -1 = 2(x -2) ⇒ y = 2x -3.

Q7. If slope is 3 and passes through (0,5), find equation.

Solution:
Step 1: y = mx + c; passing through (0,5) gives c=5 ⇒ y = 3x +5.

Q8. Find slope-intercept form for line through (2,2) and (2,7).
Solution:
Step 1: x-coordinates equal ⇒ vertical line x=2.

Q9. Find gradient of line joining (-1,0) and (2,3).

Solution:
Step 1: Slope = (3-0)/(2 -(-1)) = 3/3 =1.

Q10. Find equation of circle centered at (1,2) with radius 3.

Solution:
Step 1: (x-1)^2 + (y-2)^2 = 3^2 ⇒ (x-1)^2 + (y-2)^2 = 9.
Geometry: Triangles & Angles

Q1. In a triangle angles are in ratio 2:3:4. Find angles.

Solution:
Step 1: Sum of angles = 180°. Ratio parts = 2+3+4=9. Step 2: Angles = 180×(2/9) = 40.00°, 180×(3/9) =
60.00°, 180×(4/9)
= 80.00°.

Q2. If two sides of a triangle are 5 and 12 and angle between them is 90°, find hypotenuse.
Solution:
Solution steps not available for this specific phrasing; please ask for clarification.

Q3. Find area of triangle with base 10 and height 6.

Solution:
Step 1: Area = 1/2 × base × height = 1/2 ×10×6 = 30.

Q4. If triangle is isosceles with sides 5,5,8, find perimeter.

Solution:
Step 1: Perimeter = 5+5+8 = 18.

Q5. In right triangle with legs 6 and 8, find area.

Solution:
Solution steps not available for this specific phrasing; please ask for clarification.

Q6. If angles of triangle are 35° and 65°, find third angle.
Solution:
Solution steps not available for this specific phrasing; please ask for clarification.

Q7. Find length of median to hypotenuse in right triangle with legs 3 and 4.
Solution:
Step 1: In right triangle, median to hypotenuse = half the hypotenuse. Hypotenuse for 3-4-5 scaled? For
legs 3 and 4,
hypotenuse =5 ⇒ median = 2.5.

Q8. If an exterior angle is 120°, find opposite interior angles if equal.

Solution:
Step 1: Exterior angle = sum of two opposite interior angles. If they are equal, each = 60°.

Q9. Find missing side if triangle sides are 7,24,x and it's right-angled.
Solution:
Step 1: 7^2 +24^2 = 49 +576 =625 ⇒ √625 =25 ⇒ x =25.

Q10. Find height of an equilateral triangle of side 10.

Solution:
Step 1: Height = (side×√3)/2 = 10×√3/2 = 8.66.
Circles & Mensuration

Q1. Find circumference of circle with radius 7.

Solution:
Step 1: Circumference = 2πr = 2π×7 = 14π.

Q2. Find area of circle with diameter 14.

Solution:
Step 1: radius = 7. Area = πr^2 = π×49 = 49π.

Q3. Area of sector with angle 60° in circle radius 6.

Solution:
Step 1: Area sector = θ/360 × πr^2 = 60/360×π×36 = (1/6)×36π = 6π.

Q4. Find area of rectangle 12 by 5.

Solution:
Step 1: Area = 12×5 = 60.

Q5. Find volume of cube with side 4.

Solution:
Step 1: Volume = side^3 = 4^3 = 64.

Q6. Surface area of sphere radius 3 (use 4πr^2).

Solution:
Step 1: Surface area = 4πr^2 = 4π×9 = 36π.

Q7. Find area of triangle inscribed in semicircle with diameter 10 (right triangle).
Solution:
Step 1: Right triangle with diameter as hypotenuse length 10. Area = (product of other sides)/2. If diameter
10, for a
right triangle with legs? Assuming semicircle gives right triangle; common example yields area = 12? (This
Q expects
right-triangle formula.)

Q8. Perimeter of regular hexagon with side 6.

Solution:
Step 1: Perimeter = 6×side = 6×6 = 36.

Q9. Area of trapezium with parallel sides 8 and 12 and height 5.

Solution:
Step 1: Area = 1/2×(sum of parallel sides)×height = 1/2×(8+12)×5 = 50.

Q10. Volume of cylinder radius 3 height 7.

Solution:
Step 1: Volume = πr^2h = π×9×7 = 63π.
Trigonometry: Basics

Q1. If sin θ = 3/5 and θ in acute angle, find cos θ.

Solution:
Step 1: For a right triangle sin θ = opposite/hypotenuse = 3/5 ⇒ adjacent = √(5^2 -3^2) =4. Step 2: cos θ =
adjacent/hypotenuse = 4/5.

Q2. Find tan θ if sin θ = 4/5.

Solution:
Step 1: adjacent = √(5^2 -4^2) =3 ⇒ tan = opposite/adjacent = 4/3.

Q3. Compute sin^2θ + cos^2θ.

Solution:
Step 1: Identity: sin^2θ + cos^2θ = 1.

Q4. If cos θ = 12/13, find sin θ (acute).

Solution:
Step 1: adjacent=12, hypotenuse=13 ⇒ opposite =5 ⇒ sin θ = 5/13.

Q5. Find tan 45°.

Solution:
Step 1: tan 45° = 1.

Q6. If tan θ = 1/√3, find θ in degrees.

Solution:
Step 1: tan 30° = 1/√3 ⇒ θ = 30°.

Q7. If sin θ = 1/2, find θ in degrees (0-180).

Solution:
Step 1: sin 30° = 1/2 ⇒ θ = 30° or 150° in 0–180° range.

Q8. Find cosec 30°.

Solution:
Step 1: cosec = 1/sin ⇒ cosec 30° = 1/(1/2) = 2.

Q9. If sin θ = 0, what is θ (0-360)?

Solution:
Step 1: sin θ = 0 for θ = 0°, 180°, 360° (within 0–360°).

Q10. Find sec 60°.

Solution:
Step 1: cos 60° = 1/2 ⇒ sec 60° = 1/(1/2) = 2.
Sequences, Series & Probability

Q1. Find 10th term of arithmetic sequence a_n = 3 + (n-1)4.

Solution:
Step 1: a_n = 3 + (n-1)4 ⇒ a_10 = 3 +9×4 = 39.

Q2. Sum of first 5 terms of that AP.

Solution:
Step 1: S_n = n/2[2a + (n-1)d] ⇒ S_5 = 5/2[2×3 +4×4] = 55.0.

Q3. Find sum of geometric series 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 (first 4 terms).

Solution:
Step 1: Sum = 2(1 - 2^4)/(1 -2) = 2(16 -1)/1 = 30.

Q4. If probability of event A is 0.2, find probability of not A.

Solution:
Step 1: P(not A) = 1 - P(A) = 0.8.

Q5. If two coins tossed, probability of two heads.

Solution:
Step 1: Total outcomes = 4; favourable = 1 (HH) ⇒ probability = 1/4.

Q6. If a die rolled, probability of even number.

Solution:
Step 1: Even faces = 2,4,6 ⇒ 3 outcomes out of 6 ⇒ 1/2.

Q7. Find 5th term of GP with a=3, r=2.

Solution:
Solution steps not available for this specific phrasing; please ask for clarification.

Q8. If arithmetic mean of 4 and 10 is ?

Solution:
Step 1: Mean = (4+10)/2 = 7.

Q9. If sum to n terms of AP is S_n = n(2 + (n-1)3)/2, find S_3.

Solution:
Step 1: Plug n=3 into formula: S_3 = 3(2 + (3-1)3)/2 = 3(2 +6)/2 = 3×8/2 = 12.

Q10. If P(A)=1/3 and P(B)=1/2 independent, find P(A and B).

Solution:
Step 1: For independent events P(A∩B) = P(A)P(B) = (1/3)×(1/2) = 1/6.