Table 1 – Change of Pronouns
Direct Speech Reported Speech
I He, she
Me Him, her
We They
Us Them
You He, she, they
You Him, her, them
My His, her
Mine His, hers
Our Their
Ours Theirs
Your His, her, their
Yours His, hers, theirs
Table 2 – Change of Adverbs of Place and Adverbs of Time
Direct Speech Reported Speech
This That
These Those
Adverbs of Place
Here There
Adverbs of Time
Now Then
Today That day
Tomorrow The next day / The following day
Yesterday The previous day
Tonight That night
Last week The week before
Next week The week after
Last month The previous month
Next month The following month
Last year The previous year
Next year The following year
Ago Before
Thus So
Table 3 – Change of Tense
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Simple Present Simple Past
Example: Preethi said, “I cook pasta.” Example: Preethi said that she cooked pasta.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Example: Preethi said, “I am cooking pasta.” Example: Preethi said that she was cooking pasta.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Example: Preethi said, “I have cooked pasta.” Example: Preethi said that she had cooked pasta.
Present Perfect Past Perfect Continuous
Example: Preethi said, “I have been cooking pasta.” Example: Preethi said that she had been cooking pasta.
Simple Past Past Perfect
Example: Preethi said, “I cooked pasta.” Example: Preethi said that she had cooked pasta.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Example: Preethi said, “I was cooking pasta.” Example: Preethi said that she had been cooking pasta.
Past Perfect Past Perfect (No change)
Example: Preethi said, “I had cooked pasta.” Example: Preethi said that she had cooked pasta.
Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous (No change)
Example: Preethi said, “I had been cooking pasta.” Example: Preethi said that she had been cooking pasta.
Table 4 – Change of Modal Verbs
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Will Would
May Might
Can Could
Shall Should
Has/Have Had