POINT:
A point in geometry is a location. It has no size i.e. no width, no length and no depth. A
point is shown by a dot.
LINE:
A line is defined as a line of points that extends infinitely in two directions. It has one dimension,
length. Points that are on the same line are called collinear points.
A line is defined by two points and is written as shown below with an arrowhead.
PARALLEL LINES:
If two lines are maintaining equal distance between them till the end of infinite lengths, then
these two lines are called parallel lines, denoted as ||. The angle between the parallel lines is zero
with equal slope. The parallel lines may be slanted or horizontal or vertical, which is shown
below:
PERPENDICULAR LINES:
If the two lines are always forms the right angle, then the lines are called perpendicular lines, denoted as
⊥. The angle between these lines is 90 °, which is usually marked as a square at the point of intersection,
which is shown below:
PLANE:
A plane is a flat surface with no thickness. When we draw something on a flat piece of paper we
are drawing on a plane
ACUTE ANGLE
An angle between 0° and 90° is called acute angle.
RIGHT ANGLE
An angle of measure of 90° is called right angle.
OBTUSE ANGLE
An angle between 90° and 180° is called obtuse angle.
REFLEX ANGLE
An angle between 180° and 360° is called reflex angle.
Right Angle
EXTERIOR ANGLE
The Exterior Angle is the angle between any side of a shape, and a line extended from the next
side.
INTERIOR ANGLE
An interior angle is the angle inside a shape.
When we add up the Interior Angle and Exterior Angle we get a straight line 180°. They are
"Supplementary Angles"
PENTAGON
A 5-sided polygon (a flat shape with straight sides) is called a pentagon.
HEXAGON
A 6-sided polygon (a flat shape with straight sides) is called a hexagon.
OCTAGON
A 8-sided polygon (a flat shape with straight sides) is called an octagon.
DECAGON
A 10-sided polygon (a flat shape with straight sides) is called a decagon.
TRIANGLE
A 3-sided flat shape with straight sides and three angles is called a triangle.
TYPES OF TRIANGLE
There are 6 types of triangles that are defined as follows:
1. Scalene Triangle
A triangle with no equal sides and no equal angles.
2. Isosceles Triangle
A triangle with two equal sides and two equal angles.
3. Equilateral Triangle
A triangle with equal sides and equal angles.
4. Acute Angled Triangle
A triangle whose all angles are less than 90°
5. Right Angled Triangle
A triangle whose one angle is equal to 90° and other two are less than 90°
6. Obtuse Angled Triangle
A triangle whose one angle is greater than 90° and other two are less than 90°
CIRCLE
A 2-dimensional shape made by drawing a curve that is
always the same distance from a center.
QUADRILATERAL
A flat shape with four straight sides.
CUBE
A box-shaped solid object that has six identical square faces.
CUBOID
A box-shaped solid object
• It has six flat sides
• All angles are right angles
• All of its faces are rectangles
PRISM
A solid object with two identical ends and flat sides
The shape of the ends give the prism a name, such as the Triangular Prism shown here.
There are also Square Prisms, Pentagonal Prisms and more.
• The cross section is the same all along its length
• The sides are parallelograms (4-sided shape with opposites sides parallel)
• It is also a polyhedron
CYLINDER
A solid object with:
• two identical flat ends that are circular or elliptical
• and one curved side.
It has the same cross-section from one end to the other.
SPHERE
A 3-dimensional object shaped like a ball.
Every point on the surface is the same distance from the center.