RATIONALTHERAPY

EMOTIONALBEHAVIORAL
TREC

Albert Ellis
 Men are not disturbed by
the things, but how they take them
Epictetus
TRECthe human being is a complex and biopsychosocial organism with a
strong tendency to set goals and purposes and try to achieve them.

The two basic goalsson

A. Staying alive
B. Obtain the greatest possible well-being and avoid unnecessary discomfort.
The A-B-C model of psychological functioning:

❑ An attributional or causal model of one's own behavior centered on events

externals.

A------------------------------------------------------------------C
(Activating event) (Consequence)

❑ The model of rational-emotive therapy proposes that the process that leads to producing the
"behavior" or "health" or "emotional disorder" is well distinct, since it proposes:

A-------------------------B--------------------------------------------C
(Acontecimiento) ("Belief": Creencia sobreA) (Consecuencias)

It is the subject themselves, applying their personal valuation process on those.

events, it is who ultimately produces those consequences before those
events.
Cognitive mechanisms of distress:
creencias
Cognitive mechanisms of distress: Beliefs

The evaluative cognitions of a preferential nature are expressed through

wishes, preferences, taste, pleasure or displeasure.

▪ They help us reach our goals

The evaluative cognitions of an absolutist and dogmatic nature are expressed

rigidly with terms such as should have - would have to - it's terrible.......etc

▪ They generate disturbing negative emotions

▪ They prevent us from achieving our goals and happiness.
▪ Illogical, automatic

11 irrational beliefs
 Ellis proposed irrational beliefs which are synthesized.
in 4 forms of irrational thinking:

Demands or requirements ('If my partner loved me, they should have given me a gift')
for my birthday.

2. Catastrophism or ("If my interview doesn't go well tomorrow, it will be horrible, I will...

I die.

3. Low tolerance for frustration ('I ’m not going to the party because I ’m afraid that it will scare me')
reject it, it's very tough, I am very sensitive and I couldn't bear it.

4. Depreciation or global condemnation of human value ('I have burned my...')

food. I am useless, I do everything wrong”, “The invoice has been done incorrectly, it is a
incompetent to the end.
sdnert lacigoloB
i
b cisB
a

LaTRECSuggests that human beings have two biological tendencies

important:

The tendency to think irrationally

The ability to choose to change your irrational beliefs if you so wish.

they wish
Adaptive and maladaptive emotions:

❑ Psychological health, for its part, would be linked to beliefs.

RATIONALS.

❑ Not all negative emotions are inappropriate nor should we

try to eliminate them.

❑ Distinguish between moderate emotions, which can be

intense negative emotions that can
become maladaptive.
It is distinguished between:

Psychological disturbances: (Disturbing anxiety and anxiety

del yo
 Psychological disturbances: (Disturbing anxiety and self-anxiety)

Individuals who present absolutist demands on the world, others

people, or themselves, when these demands fail, it generates discomfort.
emotional that will give rise to two types of psychological disturbance:

❖ The anxiety of the self is defined as an intense negative emotion.

accompanied by strong feelings of depression, shame, guilt or incapacity.

✔ The anxiety of the self would therefore imply self-condemnation, the self-
contempt, disqualification and demonization for failing to comply with the
demands it has on itself, others, and the world: its worth is
threat; approved by all and do everything right

✔ The rational and healthy alternative would be the unconditional acceptance of oneself.
same recognizing themselves as a fallible being.
Psychological disturbances: (Disturbing anxiety and self-anxiety)

Individuals who present absolutist claims about the world, others

people, or themselves, when these demands fail, it generates discomfort
emotional that will give rise to two types of psychological disturbance:

❖ The disturbing anxiety: emotional discomfort experienced by individuals

when they have intolerance to frustration because the person makes demands on themselves
the same, to others or to the world that have to do with dogmatic norms about the
conditions of well-being and comfortable life that they should have.

Philosophy of life and psychological health: adjustment

emocional
Philosophy of life and psychological health: emotional adjustment
Philosophy of life and psychological health: emotional adjustment
Philosophy of life and psychological health: emotional adjustment

Acquisition and maintenance of alterations

psicológicas
Acquisition and maintenance of psychological alterations:

Theacquisitionbesides the partbiologicalcomponentcultural and social.

As for themaintenanceit is proposedthreeInsights

1. InsightThose who suffer from an emotional disorder believe that they

due to the negative events that happen to them.

2. InsightThey might recognize that their problems are due to their

beliefs of the persondedicates his effort to finding the origin
of them instead of trying to change them.

3. Insight. Thepersistent work on changing beliefs

irrationaland changing to rational beliefs will help to change
su situación
Acquisition and maintenance of psychological disorders.

As formaintenanceit is proposed:

Heshort-term hedonism to avoid greater discomfort prevents in

occasions to achieve greater long-term well-being.

People use variousdefense mechanisms (e.g. avoidance,

rationalization, denial, etc.) to deny the existence of problems
or to minimize its severity.

Lack of HHSS, communication skills, skills of

problem solving or other skills or competencies
relevant for an adequate personal or professional functioning
social.
To be continued............
The process of Rational Emotive Therapy
Behavioral
Phases of the process

5 phases or stages:

1. Psychopathological evaluation

2. Rational-Emotive Evaluation

3. Rational-Emotive Insight

4. Learning from a rational knowledge base

[Link] a new philosophy of life

The process of Rational Emotive Therapy
Behavioral
Phases of the process

❑ Psychopathological evaluation:

Standardized diagnostic criteria of theDSM-V

FactorsBIOPSYCHOSOCIAL: psychological, social, or biological factors involved in the problem or problems

using clinical interviews, questionnaires, psychological tests, measures as basic evaluation instruments
self-report, etc.

❑ Rational-Emotive Evaluation:

▪ A list of problems: internal-external//primary or secondary.

▪ External problems are those that fundamentally depend on environmental events (e.g., divorce, dismissal)
labor, etc.).
▪ When environmental events provoke intense emotional reactions or dysfunctional behaviors, it is considered
that the person has internal problems.
The process of Rational Emotive Therapy
Behavioral
Phases of the process

❑ Rational-Emotive Evaluation:

▪ The ABC analysis of emotions and dysfunctional behaviors and the events that provoke them is aimed very
especially to detect beliefs, opinions, or explanations that enclose absolutist demands,
catastrophism, low tolerance for frustration, or general self-deprecation.
▪ Set goals to be achieved: a) secondary problems, b) primary problems, and c) external problems.
▪ Finally, establish a relationship between ABC

❑ Rational-Emotive Insight:

▪ The theoretical principles that support TREC are explained, as well as the three insights that must be achieved to carry out.
the process of change is over.

❑ Learn a rational knowledge base:

Work is done to question irrational beliefs and strengthen rational ones.

The process of Rational Emotive Therapy
Behavioral
Phases of the process

❑ Learn a new philosophy of life:

▪ Rooting rational beliefs

▪ Strengthening the habit of detecting, debating, and refuting irrational beliefs based on absolutist demands, beliefs.
catastrophists, global self-deprecations, and low tolerance for frustration.

Structure of the sessions:

What do you want to address during the session?
Objectives of the session
Evaluation of the ABC of the problem
Debate specific irrational beliefs
Review and discussion of author records of the house
New tasks for home
The process of Rational Emotive Therapy
Behavioral
Therapeutic style and relationship with the client:

Therapeutic style:

Be active and directive

To be very verbally active
Didactic being
Knowing how to promote changes in the philosophy of life
Do not promote catharsis
Be flexible: avoid showing a very directive style with dependent people, an overly active style with
very passive people, an overly intellectual and rational style with obsessive people and a very friendly style
hysterical personalities emoticon

Customer relationship:

Unconditional Acceptance: should not show special warmth, attention, care, and support.
Empathy.
Be genuine
Having a sense of humor
Informal therapeutic style
The process of Rational Emotive Therapy
Behavioral
Main intervention techniques:all of them have the same purpose: to change beliefs or
thoughts
The process of Rational Emotive Therapy
Behavioral
Main intervention techniques:all of them have the same purpose: to modify beliefs or
thoughts

Cognitive techniques:
▪ Analysis and logical evaluation. It consists of teaching the client to use the principles of logic to analyze and modify.
irrational beliefs.

Example:

To be professionally competent, one must know how to handle the computer well.
When my computer freezes, I never know what I can do to unfreeze it.
Then "I am professionally incompetent"

In this case, it is about showing that the major premise from which we start is not universally true and, therefore, the
The conclusion reached, despite the reasoning being correct, may be false.
The process of Rational Emotive Therapy
Behavioral
Main intervention techniques:they all have the same purpose: to change beliefs or
thoughts

Cognitive techniques:
▪ Reduction to Absurdity:

Example:

Client: I am absolutely unable to say 'no' when my boss asks me for something.

Therapist: Let's take this belief of yours to its last consequences. Well, then if your boss tells you tomorrow that
Would you go to work every day but without pay, since you are not able to say 'no'? Would you accept it if he asks you to give him a gift?
your house, according to your belief, you couldn't say 'no', so would you give it away? And what if they ask you to jump off the...
window? Would you do it too?

▪ Analysis and empirical evaluation. This involves providing empirical evidence that supports the beliefs or opinions that are being
holding.
Example: You tell me that 'everyone' rejects you. Where is the evidence?

Aún suponiendo que algunas personas te rechacen ¿dónde está escrito que todo el mundo te tenga que aceptar?
El proceso de Terapia Racional Emotiva
Behavioral
Main intervention techniques:they all have the same purpose: to modify beliefs or
thoughts

Cognitive techniques:
During the process of debate and discussion, the therapist tends to adopt different styles:

The Socratic style

The Didactic Style

The Metaphorical Style

The Humorous Style

The Theatrical Style

The process of Rational Emotive Therapy
Behavioral
Main intervention techniques:all of them have the same end: to modify beliefs or
thoughts

Cognitive techniques:

▪ Contradiction with the valued self. The therapist tries to highlight particular beliefs of the client that are
contradictory with others that also belong to his repertoire and are highly valued by him.

Example: You are too smart to believe that 'everyone' 'always' rejects you.
The process of Rational Emotive Therapy
Behavioral
Main techniques for working between sessions
El proceso de Terapia Racional Emotiva
Behavioral
Main techniques for working between sessions
Self-registrations