Types and Benefits of Grain Silos
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ScribdTranslationsTypes and Benefits of Grain Silos
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsSTORAGE SILO
FROM GRAIN
SILOes are a storage facility or construction where grains, fodder, chopped forage, and others are stored.
Bulk materials are part of the agricultural collection cycle.
The aim of grain storage should be to preserve them for more or less extended periods.
prolonged over time without deteriorating either the quality or the safety with which they have been
harvested, to maximize the quality of high-value added foods that derive from
They. The quality degradations we will refer to relate to properties such as
percentage of proteins, starch, oil, percentage of damaged grains and nutritional value, among
others. By safety, we mean that the food will not cause harm to the health of the consumer if
consume it according to the indicated use. To reduce losses in quality and safety, it must
It is understood that grains have two main enemies: fungi and insects.
As a consequence, all efforts made during post-harvest must be clearly
oriented to prevent the development of these harmful organisms for bulk.
At the same time, the effective prevention of these organisms is based on the management of two variables.
fundamentals: the temperature and humidity of the grains. Specifically, the basic principle of
Storage is to keep the grains cool and with a humidity close to that of receipt during
the entire storage period. As the heat and water sources decrease, fungi and insects
they cannot develop normally. It is also important that the grain is clean and healthy beforehand
of entering the storage. By clean, it is understood that the grain must not contain dirt, grains
strange parties or materials, since these particles tend to have a higher moisture content,
of fungi and mycotoxins, and they are more easily attacked by insects. By healthy, it is understood
that the grain is free of insects in any of their stages of development.
TYPES OF SILOS
The most commonly used types of silos in livestock farming are:
Silo bunker
If it is a silo
Tower silo
Stack silo
Trench silo
BUNKER SILO
These are built on the ground with concrete floors and walls, which are
they fill and compress with tractors and loading machines, their cost is low and they are
convenient for very large operations, it is covered with a tarp for
seal it hermetically. These silos are usually unloaded using
tractors and loaders.
SILO BAG
Bag silage is an economical and efficient method of preservation.
grains, pastures and forages, allows maintaining quality during periods
prolonged.
The bag silo is typically 60 m long, 2.74 m in diameter, and the cover
Plastic has a thickness of 235 microns made up of three layers (with the interior)
black and the white exterior). Each bag silo can store approximately
200 tons of wheat (180 tons of soy), are compacted using a
machine made for this purpose, and both ends are sealed. The main objective of the
silo bolsa es almacenar gran cantidad de forrajes por un tiempo indeterminado,
without them losing their properties, and on small surfaces. The bag silo
requires little capital investment, are manufactured in different sizes,
some are longer and others shorter (of 50 kilos), they can be used as a
temporal measure when the harvesting or growth conditions demand
more space.
The flexibility that the bag silo presents when being used is very
important, for example, if the producer needs to reserve a certain amount of
silage in one part of his farm, he can do it and cut the silobag, to
then use what is left elsewhere.
Compactor machine Compactor machine
for large bag for a small purse
TOWER SILO
The silos of towers are a structure generally 4 to 8 m in diameter and 10 to
25 meters high. It can be built from materials such as wooden beams,
concrete, concrete beams, and corrugated galvanized sheet. These materials
they have differences in their price, durability, and the resulting airtightness.
The tower silos are discharged with mechanical unloaders. An advantage of
the tower silos make the silage tend to pack well thanks to its own
weight.
Many towns in grain-growing areas have tower silos.
concrete to group grains from neighboring towns and store for the
transport by roads or trains to an export port.
The metal silo ensures optimal conditions for the grain for more
time.
The metal silo can be equipped with a complete control system.
temperature and ventilation, which ensures the preservation of the grain in
optimal conditions. Greater storage capacity in less space. The
metal silo due to its vertical arrangement allows for greater capacity of
storage in less space. The metal silo is suitable for storing
grain with higher moisture content.
connection between the refrigerator unit
and the silo.
Installed Silo-Dryer
Ventilation system
MOUND SILO
[Link] the ground and remove all elements that may damage the tarp.
plastic, such as stones, branches, clods, roots, etc.
[Link] the area according to the size of the silo to be built and open a trench of
20 cm. x 20 cm. on all four sides.
3. Extend the lower plastic tarpaulin in the designated area.
[Link] the placement of the crushed material. The first batch,
approximately 40 cm, it should be compacted only
with the feet, to avoid damage to the plastic. For the heats
The tractor can be used later.
5. After the compaction is completed, the silage must be covered.
with the upper plastic tarp. The ends of the two tarps
Plastics should be joined, rolled up, and placed in the trench.
to finally pack them with dirt.
6. For the silage mass to remain under constant pressure,
It is recommended to place some objects on the silo that do not cause damage.
the plastic, such as covers, bags with soil, etc.
7. The opening of the silo must be done only after it
has completed the fermentation process, approximately at
30 to 45 days, depending on the material and the conditions of
compaction. The silo must be opened at one of the ends and
withdraw daily the necessary amount (never withdraw more
of what will be used in the day). So that the ensiled mass does not
exposed to the elements, cover it with the top tarp
after each extraction.
MEASUREMENT TABLE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A
PILE SILO
TRENCH SILO
1. Select a suitable land for this type of
construction, that has no stones or roots and is not very
humid.
2. Dig a trench according to the desired tonnage
store.
3. Clean the trench by removing all elements that may be
damage the plastic tarp (stones, roots, clumps, etc.).
Cover the trench with the plastic tarpaulin.
5. Start filling. The first layer of 40 cm must be
compressed with the feet to avoid breaking the plastic tarp. After
the tractor can be used.
As the filling is done, a wall must be raised.
of boards or round sticks at the end of the trench.
[Link] vez llenado el silo, su superficie debe quedar abovedada.
8. Then the upper plastic canvas is spread over the mass.
compressed.
To seal the silo, the ends of the upper tarpaulin are joined together with
the bottom, folding it and covering it with soil.
10. The sealing at the end of the silo is done in the same way.
that on the sides.
11. In order to maintain pressure on the silage mass, one must
you can place weight on the plastic tarp or a layer of
soil with a thickness of 5 to 10 cm.
12. The opening of the silo should not be done before 45 days, to
that the biological process that determines the
silage preservation.
To ensure that the silage mass is not exposed, it must be
covered with a plastic tarp after each extraction.
MEASUREMENT TABLE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A
TRENCH SILO