REFORESTATION PROJECT

BUSINESS CONCEPT (trade name, product or service,

project/company objectives, location, company's location
(department, municipality - determine if the business is located in the area)
urban or rural), innovation, added values, participation in the
clusters, productive chains, or regional development. Include the
information about the people who participate as advisors in the
company, which are not necessarily partners (there are some).
Droughts, lack of tree cover, eroded riverbanks, rapid
evaporation of water mirrors, extinction of species
aquatic and terrestrial, deforestation of the area,

2.0 GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT AREA

2.1 LOCATION
Department of La Guajira, municipality of Maicao, district of
Paraguachón, and the rural area.

2.2 BENEFICIARY POPULATION

The urban area is affected by the river's flow and in the rural part that
they encompass several rancherías

3.0 OBJECTIVES

3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

Recover the forest cover of the area and protect the riverbanks
from the erosion caused by the water flow and the breeze.
3.2 OBJETIVO ESPECIFICOS
3.2.1 Environmental improvement:
Prevent soil and riverbank erosion
Preservation of biodiversity
Raising community awareness about the importance of reforestation
Implement and strengthen the environmental culture
3.2.2 Social pedagogy
Job creation.
Marketing of products and handicrafts
Recover its (eco)touristic, commercial and artisanal aspect
Train the community of the neighboring ranches on topics
Understanding how a nursery works
Learn irrigation systems
Know the necessary tools and their use
Learn planting and maintenance technology
EXPERTS WHO ADVISE THE INITIATIVE

Name Profession Level Domain Experience

training Of Professional
Languages
[Link] Ing. Professional former SENA professor
Lamilla Forestry
2. Anor Technician Ica Pedagogy
Perez
3 AnaMari Postgraduate in English Sales
Gonzalez Marketing

[Link] C Technician
Villa dude.
Derly Professional Nutritionist
Ojeda
6. Jorge Doctor Immunologist English
Rabal Allergist
7. Silbry Technician in
Pinto security

4.0 Goals
4.1 Indicators
A work plan with a schedule with the approval of
supervisor of Corpoguajira

4.2 Means of Verification

They will be used as verification means:
Recording videos and photographs of the activities to be carried out.
Proof of attendance at the training sessions.
Reports of the activities and evaluations conducted.
List of nursery seedlings and transplanting in a defined location.

The project develops the transformation of a semi-desert area.

in tropical forest () in the Colombian-Venezuelan border area
belonging to the corregimiento of Paraguachón affiliated with the municipality
from Maicao, using the banks of the Paraguachón river to begin
a reforestation process with multiple objectives since the source
water flow during the winter period leads to a high flow eroding the
rivers and in drought there is no protection against the sun's rays for the
small remnants of water that remain spaced along their
tour.
forests are destroyed for the extraction of firewood or the production of charcoal
vegetable.
Unsustainable industrial activities tend to deplete forests
through the indiscriminate logging of forest species, the extraction of
minerals and fossil fuels from the subsurface, the dumping of waste,
they must fight for the creation of their forests and the protection of natural areas
vulnerable.
Natural forests must be preserved not only for the trees,
bushes and flora that comprise it, but also by the fauna that inhabit them
Habitat. The fauna and the forest form an inseparable complex where it
they relate their various components and make harmonious coexistence possible
from its populations.

5. Technical and Methodological Aspects of the Project

PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The realization of the project requires awareness and effort from the
local authorities and the community in general.
Obtaining the Material
The seedlings will be provided by the CORPOCHIVOR nurseries, with a size
superior to 25 cm in height, with characteristics of health and vigor
acceptable, in your
defects will be obtained from nurseries of native species, the municipality can
contribute with
the plant material that meets the given specifications.
3. Planting
For the establishment of the seedlings, the holes will have a dimension of
0.20 X 0.40 m
of depth, cylindrical in shape, the stroke will be made under the three bolillo system
with a
3m distance between trees and 3m between rows, to achieve a density of
sowing of
1,111 seedlings per hectare, with this density it is intended to leave space for
natural revegetation. Once the holes are ready, we will proceed to
the application
corrective in an amount of 100g per hole, mixing the soil with the
calfos.
The planting should take place at the beginning of winter, one month after
news
the corrective measure has been applied. The size of the seedling should be
superior to 25 cm
of height. (Medium bag). The plant material must meet the conditions
adequate of
health, vigor and size, to ensure rapid establishment and the
minimum of
losses. At the time of planting, care must be taken that the roots of the seedling
do not remain
Neither bent nor braided. SEEDLINGS THAT DO NOT MEET WILL NOT BE SOWN.
THE
MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS OF SIZE, VIGOR, AND HEALTH.
The planting will be heterogeneous (of the different species to be established), for
to have a better
phytosanitary control. At the time of establishment, the first must be carried out
plateau or
cleaning. Replanting will take place when the losses of plant material occur.
be between 5 and
10%. This repopulation will take place in October and must be very good.
protected against the
frosts that occur in December and January.
4. Maintenance
The maintenance practices to keep in mind are:
Fertilization: To ensure a better establishment of the seedling and provide
elements
indispensable for its growth and development. The will be carried out the
first
fertilization at the time of establishment and semiannual fertilizations until
complete 6.
Fertilization will be done with compound fertilizer, preferably triple 15.
they must
use 50 grams per tree for fertilization. The fertilization requirements of the
planting is
should be based on the soil analysis conducted before the establishment of the
planting and
obviously its variation should be made according to the observations of
field and the
planting behavior, this parameter is used for the effects of
calculation of the
maintenance costs of the plantation.
Cleaning will be carried out only during the first 3 years, it will be done as planned.
80 cm in diameter from the planting point. Plating consists of
remove with a hoe or shovel the plant material, such as grasses (grass),
herbaceous and shrub-like, which can compete with the new plant. The plateau
remove the vegetation layer exposing the soil. It will not be considered in the
sites where species have been identified that are valued for their ecological importance
They must be preserved. This must be done twice a year for three years.
The phytosanitary control and the construction of the firebreak roads will be carried out from
agreement with the needs of the plantation.
ACTIVITY INITIATION TERMINATION
N
Soil analysis
Land preparation
Acquisition of plant material
Planting and first fertilization
First clean and second
fertilization and reseeding
Second clean and third
fertilization
Third cleaning and fourth fertilization
Fourth cleaning and fifth fertilization
Fifth cleaning and sixth fertilization
The planting must be heterogeneous to have better phytosanitary control.
systems
silvopastoral systems where only the planting of alder is desired due to its
nitrogen fixation characteristic that can achieve better soil balance
planta - animal se recomienda no pastorear animales preñados porque pueden
presenting a threat of abortion.
Trees must be protected individually or with wire fencing.
to avoid
damage caused by animals and by the machinery used in the
preparation of the
land, until it is deemed appropriate and that there will be no losses.
for these
causes, the existing trees and shrubs will be respected and efforts will be made
preserve the
stroke.

5.1 Introduction

Phases of reforestation:
1) Project Diagnosis
2) Planning
Intervention
4) Monitoring
5) Evaluation
MARKET POTENTIAL IN NUMBERS (Summarize the potential with figures)
regional, national and international markets, for the good or service
business object.)
The Municipality of Maicao is part of the northern sub-region.
from the department of La Guajira with an approximate population
according to the DANE census of 1993 of 312,254 inhabitants
(328,108 in 2003) of which are residents in the area
urban 99.7% and 0.3% in the rural area. It has an area
67 square kilometers, corresponding to 1.98% of the
total surface. It is located at an altitude above sea level
5 meter sea, classified as a category 2 municipality.
The percentage of annual waste production in relation to the
the rest of the department corresponds to 13.16% (105.388
Currently in second place, preceded by
for Riohacha which has 66.81%, (534.980 tons) that
it means five times the value of its production.
Next follows the municipality of Barranca with a
porcentaje de 4,01% (32.078 Ton).
It is located in the north of Colombia and north of
La Guajira department at a latitude of 11° 22' 59"
North and a longitude of 72º14'35" West.

It borders the North with the District of Barranquilla, to the south with the
Malambo Municipality, to the East with the department of
Magdalena separated from this Department by the river of
same name and to the West with the Municipality of Galapa. It is distant from
Barranquilla 5 kilometers.
The municipality has an average annual temperature that
it oscillates between 30 ºC and 36 ºC with a relative humidity of 80%
and an average precipitation of 1,200 mm. Annually. Its soils
they are of clayey texture and of undulating flat topography and they
muddy wetlands due to the proximity of the Magdalena River, its bay and
several pipes which have caused a high degree of deterioration
by the action of the wind and runoff.

Several potential markets have been identified with intent

for the purchase of our product at a national level as
international
At the Regional level: we have the large supermarkets of
chains such as Olímpica and Éxito, Almacenes Vivero, nurseries
of ornamental plants, state entities such as
Corpoica Incoder, Mayorships Municipal Umatas,
Government, companies producing concentrates for
animals (birds, pigs, horses, among others) such as Purina and
Farm.
There are also potential clients such as companies from
cured meats or concentrated foods that use meat from
worm as a protein source.
 At the National Level, the same entities as well as others
as NGOs that promote organic agricultural production.
There is international demand for products such as
humus and red worms in countries like Spain (Barcelona,
Ciudad Real, Mexico (Naucalpan), Venezuela, Argentina
(Santiago del Estero).

INVESTIGATE POSSIBLE CLIENTS AND PROJECTED DEMAND POTENTIAL MARKET VS

REAL MARKET

POTENTIAL MARKET IN UNITS

NET WEIGHT FOB NET WEIGHT FOB NET WEIGHT FOB Participation.

(Kg.) (US$) (Kg.) (US$) (Kg.) (US$) (%)

COSTA RICA 3,517,590 638,632 17,500,800 2,763,121 32,466,000 5,134,286 42.90
PANAMÁ 9,699,934 1,772,003 18,479,138 3,398,690 24,678,764 4,407,795 36.83
ECUADOR 9,024,325 2,038,915 12,704,208 2,612,214 9,671,890 1,879,500 15.70
REPUBLIC
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 3,180,126 689,401 1,902,987 432,062 1,637,031 323,241 2.70
VENEZUELA 1,252,738 537,448 78,646 196,735 45,005 107,813 0.90
PERU 78,957 27,764 0 0 14,014 41,341 0.35
BOLIVIA 62,712 14,649 48.24 60,120 40,233 41,225 0.34
CHILE 0 0 18.75 5,475 100 18,000 0.15
PALESTINE
(TERRIT
SELF-EMPLOYED) 0 0 0 0 75 14,580 0.12
ANTIGUA AND
BARBUDA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
ANTILLES
Dutches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
GUYANA
FRENCH 40 7 0 0 0 0 0.00
TOTAL 26,856,382 5,725,812 50,732,769 9,468,417 68,727,937 11,967,781 100.00

In the area of solid waste such as glass and metals

our potential clients are those companies
transformers of the same such as XXXXXXXXX

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES AND VALUE PROPOSITION (More advantages)

highlights that will allow you to ensure success (commercial, technical,
operations, financial, etc.)
The experience of the project executors in handling
solid waste for the production of compost and
humus just like in plastic recycling processes
in any of the different types that are presented in the
market.
At the moment, all the projects submitted for
solve the problem of the trash bins in the municipality of
Solitude ultimately ends up in landfills,
partial solution that is not the most suitable from the point of
economic, environmental, landscape, social, and political view, because
the problem element does not disappear, but rather changes from
geographical location The start of this project
generates decent jobs promoting a better quality of
life, drives industrial and commercial activities, no
they do not devalue or render useless the areas where they take place
processes unlike landfills. Waste
plastics that are not biodegradable will be processed together
with rice husk (which is another environmental issue) and it
will give the product a wood texture for manufacturing
posts for farm fences avoiding periodic cutting
what joy the manufacturing of poles implies, offering to the sector
agricultural a product of quality and cheaper than the
concrete and wooden posts offered on the market,
solving two (2) different problems with this option.
Points of sale for agricultural and livestock stores, usage
from the Agricultural Bank with all its branches

The goal is to achieve the commercialization of our products

through direct contact with chain warehouses, without
intermediaries, through a marketing office led by
by an experienced professional in the commercial area, is
intends to make contact with embassies and entities such as
Proexport, which facilitates exportation towards countries that
they request our products, in addition to taking advantage of the FTA
that is in the process of being studied.
Through chemical analysis of our products, we are going to
guarantee its quality and through the management and control of
Quality in the plant will ensure the production that is made.
The requirement that Colombian law imposes on the management of the
solid waste through decree 1713/2002, allows and
facilitates national funding resources that
they guarantee the execution of the project.
Thinking about our marketing, we see that we are
geographically in a strategic position, because we have
three (3) nearby seaports such as
The one from Barranquilla, the one from Santa Marta and the one from Cartagena I
same as national and international airports that
facilitate the transportation of cargo and passengers and the
marketing, as well as excellent routes
conditions and easy access, and the Magdalena River is a river artery
that communicates with the interior of the country and the Dique Canal with
Cartagena.

The technology to be used is simple and consists of classification

from solid waste separating metals and glass that
they will be marketed without being transformed, to foundries
specialized and plastics, these in order to process them and
transform them into plastic poles that replace the poles
made of wood used as fences on farms, and the material
biodegradable organic matter that will be transformed into humus and
compost through biological aerobic processes using
California red worm for material transformation
organic in humus and mechanical and aerobic processes for
produce the compost.

The high reception in Europe, North America, and Asia of the

organic products promotes the use of all kinds of
inputs for the field of organic nature. Currently
The production of this type of organic fertilizers is nascent.
despite the great demand it has both at the national level
as international
The biodegradation of plastics is one of the most serious
problems generated by the development of technology
oil. The high consumption of all types of plastics in the
modern society has encouraged the discovery of a
series of these elements that have advantages ranging from
the costs, weight, storage, presentation among others and
in a certain sense it reduces the cutting down of trees that
they intervene in the production of paper bags and others
articles used in packaging and storage.
At the end of their use, plastics become waste.
solid waste, within the waste generated by society
of consumption and it is here where the situation we are in begins
analyzing and for which we propose a comprehensive management; the
polymer chain that is the structure support of the
plastics take hundreds of years to decompose
or biodegradation in its primary elements, reason for the
what is the accumulation of this product in the landfills of
all societies on the planet have raised the alarms of
governments demanding a non-transitory solution nor
partial, but a complete solution that helps to eradicate this
flail.
The different chemical compositions of the multiple
plastic elements that are offered all over the world today,
it makes the handling of these very complex
articles, the intention of the integrated management project is to give
a function that has application in the agricultural sector such as
in the raising of fences with posts that currently,
are mostly made of wood, thus avoiding the logging of the
forests with the use of our products, where also
would involve rice hulls to give it the texture of
Wood to the post and another problem would be resolved.
environmental, due to the Ministry of the Environment
prohibits the burning of that husk, which has created a
conflict situation due to the accumulation of husk at the level
national to the grain processors. In summary with a single
the product solves two major environmental problems
magnitude.

SUMMARY OF REQUIRED INVESTMENTS (Define the

main investments, contributions from partners, resources
requested from the Entrepreneur Fund, other sources of funding
Land to locate the plant: $60,000,000
California red worm initiation strain: $184,632,000
Fermentation pits: $1,000,000 global
Transformer pits: $7,950,000
Classification yards: $10,000,000
Warehouses: $20,000,000 (For rent)
Teams:
Tools and supplies: $40,000,000
Co-financing Contributions: $455,770.80
Aportes Municipales: $50.641.200
Unskilled labor: $52,130,000
Skilled labor: $80,000,000
General Transport: $15,000,000
Material transportation: $4,500.00
Apoyo logístico: $24.000.000
Vigilancia: $7.200.000
TOTAL:$506.412.000

For the reprocessing of plastics, the following are required:

One (1) extruder for plastics
One (1) Mill
One (1) Shear

SALES PROJECTIONS (Summary of projected sales of

business and description of the expected behavior of them.
1.4. SALES AND PROFITABILITY PROJECTIONS:
For the first year, we aim to have some sales
projected 100 tons of humus and 75 tons of red worms
Californian amounts equivalent to $40,000,000 and $450,000,000.
respectively.

The utilization of the material is approximately

80% in the case of plastics, if the percentage of plastics
in the waste is 15% of the total amount collected for
the municipality of Soledad would indicate that a sale is projected
of 12 tons The demand for humus as a material
organic by the countries of the European Union

FINANCIAL CONCLUSIONS AND FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT

(Specifically present the main financial benefits and support)
the feasibility of commercial (markets), techniques, environmental, legal and
operational)
FINANCIAL CONCLUSIONS AND EVALUATION OF
FEASIBILITY:
From a financial point of view, the project is highly
profitable because after a year it becomes practically
the investment is refundable, that is to say 100% of the value is recovered
inverted, which is why we can affirm that
financially the project is viable.
This project presents a high profit margin by using
as raw material in their process, solid waste, the costs of which are
ostensibly low compared to market costs.

WORKING TEAM: Presentation of the basic data of the

Entrepreneurs who are part of the project.
INFORMATION OF ENTREPRENEURS
Nombre: José Alexander Orjuela Roa ID card: 93.365.150
Fecha de nacimiento:24/11/65 Edad: 38 Time dedication
to the project: .
Complete
Student of which institution: SENA
Profession: Agricultural Engineer Knowledge
specials: .. .
Project management
Work experience: COMUPROCOL, FUNVICOL
Phone: Fax:3566168 E-mail
jaorkdedw@[Link]
Address: 79th Street #49c-47 City:
Barranquilla

Nombre: Luís Carlos Villa ID: 8,684,807

Fecha de nacimiento:13-03.54 Edad:50 Time dedicated to
project:
. Complete
Student of which institution: SENA
Profession: Industrial Mechanical Technician Knowledge
specials: .
Plastics
Work experience: Inacril, Ind. Metálicas Cruz, UNIAL.
Phone: 3568812 Fax: 3660419 E-mail:
the zetao2@[Link]
Address: Street 92 No 49C-225 Ciudad: Barranquilla

Nombre: Dora Lamilla ID card:

Fecha de nacimiento: Time dedication
to the project: .
Complete
Student from which institution: CUC
Profession: Civil Engineer Knowledge
specials: .
Work experience:
Telephone: Email
dlamilla@[Link]
Address: Kilometer 14 Road to Baranoa Ciudad: Baranoa

MODULE: MARKET

MARKET RESEARCH
The sources of information used in each case must be clarified.
(primary, secondary), such as querying databases,
surveys, in-depth interviews, focus groups.
The data shown here has been supplied by
Proexport and Dane.

SECTOR ANALYSIS: (Prepare a diagnosis of the current structure of

national market and/or target countries; technological development and
industrial sector; imports and exports of the product/service
at the national level and target markets (countries). Etc.

SECTOR ANALYSIS:

The marketing of solid waste, HUMUS its position

tariff is [Link].00, "Mineral or chemical fertilizers"
with two or three of the fertilizer elements, nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium; the other fertilizers, the low cost of the
raw material that is part of this project and its great
abundance allows to offer sales prices for their
highly competitive products. The tables that show
the external markets were ceded by the office of
Proexport Atlantic sectional, just like the production ones.
by department.
Recycling activity two decades ago was considered as
marginal and practically without much recognition within the
industrial field. Its primary focus was not directed at the environment and
the included technology was not perfected. Currently the
the repurposing of industrial assets has become a
global trend due to the increase in awareness of
ecological preservation as well as the economic use of
previously used material. With the population growth and
industrial, the suitable places to bury sanitary waste and
industries will be scarce due to, among other reasons, the necessity
to practice recycling
In the global arena, the management of solid waste is a topic
generalized, although different concepts are handled and the
very similar technologies, differ by cultural conditions and
development of each country. The different systems for the management of the
Solid waste are: a) Source reduction, b) Reuse, c)
Incineration, d) Recycling, and e) Landfills. These systems are
complementary to each other.

In Colombia, for example, they are managed more frequently with the
solid waste through sanitary landfills, such as
final disposal, technology recommended as a last resort
by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) upon having
exhausted the preceding ones, due to the severe environmental impact
that generates. The same happens with European countries such as
Spain. The recovery of areas previously occupied by
sanitary or industrial garbage bins, mainly in Europe
represents a great burden for society, given its cost
is very high. In this way, the recyclability of the
materials or products used is fundamental for
minimize waste production and consequently for
reduce the need for sanitary and industrial landfills
Some examples of this type of landfills are: landfill
sanitary Combeima Airport Perales road in Ibagué, the landfill
sanitary El Henequén in Barranquilla, sanitary landfill Doña Juana
in Bogotá, which has faced problems with landslides
adds severity, by putting the health of surrounding areas at risk
densely populated, on Sunday, October 3rd of the current year
El Tiempo newspaper published the report presented by the firm
intervenor Colombian Canadian Temporary Union where it denounces the
appearance of new cracks on the top of a dam
zone VII of said fill, which is one of the areas used until the
2001. It is worth noting that none of these landfills
its purpose is to recycle organic matter.
There is a company of Argentine origin, POLLUTION
RESEARCH SERVICES S.A., which proposes a similar technology
to which our project proposes, with the difference that
this handles applications of bacteria of various types and
concentrations which are determined by samples
that are taken to a special computer program of
where the final technical recommendations on dosage are issued
and type of bacteria to apply to organic waste. Its
The final product is called Compost. This is a technology for
which we could access if necessary.
The recycling of solid waste in the United States has
taking a different path than Europe. The agency of
environmental protection of this country (EPA) has decided to allow
that the recycling of plastic materials is determined
by market forces, without granting subsidies.
EPA began to measure the global percentage of materials
recycled based on the amount of waste collected
municipal elections in 1960. Since that year, it was detected for the first time
there is a decrease in waste generation
municipal elections in 1995, when it decreased from 209.5 million
tons in 1994 to 208 in 1995. During this same period, the
solid waste recycling increased from 25 to 27%, but,
while the use of plastic has grown dramatically
over the last 20 years, there has also been an increase in the
volume of plastic waste that ends up in landfills
sanitary facilities and reach nearly 20%. That's why they occupy the
8% of waste in landfills, having given
the plastic industry steps to reduce the amount
of plastics that enter the waste cycle.
The aim of this article is to analyze the participation of the
plastics in such waste and size it with statistics
real impact, describe the different methods for disposal
adequately from them and suggest some recommendations
for its proper management in Colombia
Over many years, there has been in Colombia a
growth of plastic consumption and generation of the
per capita waste per day ranges between 0.5 and 0.8 kg, of which
0.056 Kg corresponds to plastic waste, representing the
20% of the volume and 5% to 7% of the total weight of
waste generated at the urban level. This without taking into account
the waste generated by petrochemical companies, which in
its production process of plastic raw materials
they generate scraps that serve no purpose and have no
the required specifications to enter the market as
finished product, causing storage problems
or posterior elimination. This growth in volume of
waste generation in the country has reached levels
alarming, which makes its management through
strategies such as recycling, as a priority activity,
due among other reasons to:
When plastic completes its 'initial life cycle', it presents
storage problems due to their relationship
the weight/volume is low and the availability of fillers
Sanitary services are becoming increasingly less.

Although plastics can be subjected to methods of

treatment used for the rest of the solid waste
(incineration, burial in controlled landfills)
these methods are not without drawbacks when they
applied to plastic waste.
Organic waste takes between 10 and 15 years to decompose.
degrade by 25 to 50%, and the handling problem
generated by non-biodegradable waste, such as certain
plastics, is considerably superior.
All of this, combined with economic considerations
makes plastic recycling an alternative that
cobra gains more and more strength.
In our country, the growth in the use of these materials
has not been in accordance with the technology developed for it
utilization and development of these, for which has emerged
the need to create different options for the process of
recycling in order to reduce impact levels on the
environment and offer new business alternatives.
In Colombia, plastic recycling has been practiced for a long time.
a few years, as one of the company's alternatives,
but some of these have not managed to maintain themselves or to
grow over time, due to the fact that a large part
began its activities empirically, causing that
I don't see sustainable development, due to the lack of investment.
in research and development in processes.
In the activity, the city of Medellín has
institutions like SENA and the plastic institute in the
EAFIT University, where technical advice is provided to
students and companies related to this field; From
this way ensures in some way that a
sustainable development for this type of industry, however
many companies do not approach this institution due to lack of
knowledge or resource for it.
In plastic recycling, the critical points are:
knowledge and/or the methodology on how certain are carried out
activities, such as selection, washing,
mill systems, agglomeration and plant distribution among
others.
Recycled plastic is of great importance, as some
companies use it as raw material, this is based on
importance in the price difference that it maintains with the
original plastic, sometimes the two are mixed to
obtain better quality and better price, since products
finished only with recycled material have appearance
physical and mechanical properties lower than those worked
with original plastics. Recycled plastics cannot
to be used to manufacture similar containers, as is the case
from aluminum and glass. The recycled plastic is not suitable for
its reuse in recycled packaging for the industry of
food, according to the FDA. Recyclable plastics are
used in the manufacturing of other products such as:
fibers for carpets, packing and filling material,
plastic spacers, transverse for the train tracks, and
textiles.

As our project aims for the use of worm farming as

An alternative for recycling organic matter exists in great quantity
information, literature, and experiences on a national scale and
international on the subject. Specifically, at this moment there is a
International Earthworm Cultivation Course online, which proposes
new knowledge on the topic and market opening with
option for new contacts.

The plant staff, unskilled labor, requires

adequate training, although it does not require extensive
knowledge. This training can be offered in the
development of management activities is strengthened
through experience.
The project must have a plant manager who can be a
a technically qualified person knowledgeable on the subject, and as the head
project manager with specific knowledge in the
theme in charge of its success.
The efficiency of production will be measured by the quantity and
quality of the final product and these will be the indicators of
productivity by combining them with units of time
Middle managers must be fully capable to
make decisions that relate to the normal
performance and operation of the plant, in such a way that
last minute inconveniences do not affect the operation
of the same.
Financial resources are at hand because they exist.
national-level policies that require compliance with
environmental standards regarding this and at the same time make contributions of
resources allocated for the same purpose. (Decree 1713/200
mentioned earlier)
Likewise, resources can be managed at an international level.
through NGOs and governments interested in protection
of the environment that finance environmental type projects,
basic sanitation and solid waste management. Such is the
case of NGOs like Healthy Environments for Life AIDS-
Am-Sa considers improvement among its objectives.
environmental related to the Collection and Disposal of
Solid Waste; The Colombian Agency for Cooperation
International ACCI finances self-productive projects
sustainable and containing a research component
and Technological Development which falls within the
objectives of our project;
Because this is a project with an innovative component and an impact
social and technological quite significant, we can think of the
access to seed capital, provided by entities such as the fund
Entrepreneurship, Sena, Julio Mario Santo Domingo Foundation, foundation
Corona, Fundaempresas, Incubate.

If it were a financing through financial entities

We would be thinking about soft loans with interest rates of
market quite low, the Inter-American Development Bank is
one of the international organizations that fund this type of
proyectos.
The exports of humus are aimed at countries such as
Venezuela, where there is a high demand for fertilizers
organic humus type intended for coffee crops and
vegetables among others, just like to recovery and protection
of soils, For this country, it is currently being exported
humus exactly towards Táchira, Mérida and Trujillo in
medium orders, other countries like Spain that import
both humus and worm (we have the case of Medium Emission
Environment in Barcelona, buying red worms all of them
it is offered to them since they have a deficit in their production and Mancha
Green, S.L. in Ciudad Real who set up the fields of
humus production and they buy the production, in Chile Carlos
Alberto Torres, in the Province of Santiago del Estero, asserts
the purchase of worms and the production of humus, advises the
entrepreneurship project.
In Colombia, recycling has tradition; it has become
a way of life for groups of people, many
organized in cooperatives and associations sponsored by
non-profit foundations, primarily in the large
cities.
Most plastics, and in particular those used in the
containers and packaging are recyclable. There is within the
breast of the Colombian plastic industry, technology and the
capacity to provide technical assistance regarding the best
system, depending on the region and the products that are
manager

DETECT IMPORTS-EXPORTS OF THE PRODUCT

NATIONALLY AND TARGET MARKETS (COUNTRIES)
MARKET ANALYSIS: (Define the target market, justification of
mercado objetivo, estimación del mercado potencial, consumo aparente,
per capita consumption, magnitude of the need, other; estimation of the
market segment/niche (size and growth), Profile of
Consumer and/or client.

The need for foreign currency for the country encourages trade.
production for the international market but that doesn't mean it ceases to exist
the demand of the national market. The European Union is large
consumer of organic products such as humus.

The target market is oriented at the regional and national level.

in the following way:
Chain supermarkets on a regional and national scale.
Small and medium farmers of the region.
Official entities and UMATAS at the regional and national level.
Regional nurseries.
Animal feed concentrate producing companies.

In the international arena we have:

NGOs that stimulate organic production.
Companies importing hummus and red worms.

It is justified to take these markets into account because they are ours.
immediate clients in the regional, national, and international market.
By making business contacts with them, we are sure that
achieve the start of our business relations since it is your
Interest in obtaining our products, as they are dedicated to the same.
activity but they are deficient in production, they do not cover all the
demand from their customers and must resort to imports,
Additionally to this situation, they express the need to obtain
these products through Internet advertisements.

Unit Amount Valor Quantity Valor

Product. Prod. Produced Sold Sales
Palmira 3.587
(Valley)
The Star
(Ant)
Medellín
(Ant)
Medellín
Ant
Palmira
(Valley)

REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF EXPORTS - 2003

FOB VALUE PARTICIP.
DEPARTMENT (U$) NUMBER OF COMPANIES (%)
BOLIVAR 10,649,585 4 88.99
ATLANTIC 1,248,689 3 10.43

CUNDINAMARCA 32,814 4 0.27

VALLEY OF
CAUCA 20,853 1 0.17
HUILA 15.84 1 0.13
TOTAL 11,967,781 10 100.00

COMPETITION ANALYSIS: ;company analysis

competitors; List of existing associations; Cost analysis of
mi producto/servicio; Análisis de productos sustitutos; Análisis de precios
for sale of my product/service (P/S) and of the competition; Image of the
competition in front of customers; Segment to which it is directed
competencia; Posición de mi P/S frente a la competencia

On the other hand, it is important to recognize that we do not have a

great competition among chemical fertilizer companies, as
the global trend is oriented towards products
organic, organic fertilizer companies are taking
 the initiative in this field, among them we have in Colombia,
Humus San Rafael, Giselle Nabusi, Ra Identification of
main participants and potential competitors.
At this moment, there are producers of fence posts.
processed in high-density polyethylene exclusively, which is
a raw material with a cost high enough in the
current events for not being competitive
There are currently other fertilizer producers.
organic but with a production that is too low for the
demand that the country has.

Internationally, we can mention: La Cangreja farm

Costa Rica, Lombriculture [Link]. Research Center and
Development in Ecuador, Husmuvita from Mexico, Vermiculture Technique
Mexican, Humus Sell from Mexico, Finca Panda from Nicaragua, Hacienda
The Hawks of Panama, Yvagaicha Farm of Paraguay, Bioagro of
Uruguay, Pyrumus, Agrofertilizers C.A. and Agricultural Producers
C.A., Agropecuaria la Guanota, Agropecuaria H Carrillo of Venezuela,
Cooperative of Worm Farmers of Rosario Argentina, Vermiculture
Pachamama from Chile.
They are shaping up as strong competition for us, the companies
Argentina since there is a large number of producers
among those are: Liliana Sanpedro, Ricardo Giogia, Alfredo
Carmona, Lombritorcuato, Luís Cesar García, Héctor Horacio
Quiroga.
There are also producers in Chile, Costa Rica, Panama.
Venezuela, Mexico, Guatemala, Paraguay, who trade their
products as individuals.
There are International Associations of Worm Producers and
Humus, how I MUST CONSULT THE NAMES OF THESE ENTITIES
TO INCLUDE them Patagonian Association of Producers of
Vermicompost in Argentina.
These entities provide information and enable transfer of
technologies through the Internet. They are also updating
information on this matter and organize events, such as courses,
conferences and seminars on the subject.
Our substitute products are basically chemical products.
those that are most widely used because they are traditionally the most
they are used.
Some of which have harmful side effects on the environment.
Due to the rise in the use of organic products in the field
global trends are being established, we have another major substitute
importance of Compost, a product that in our process will be
taken as an alternative to the production of Humus.
Likewise, we have as a substitute for Humus, Humus.
Liquid, a product that must be present in the future.
in our portfolio of services.
Our market segment is located in the areas
agricultural products of the country, especially towards the Andean region
coffee producer, For this purpose we will contact the
Regional committees in order to promote our
product.
We will follow the same process with other entities that coordinate the
productive chains of cereals, fruits, and vegetables, such as Corpoica,
Pronata, Incoder, Ministry of Agriculture, Conciencias
At the regional level, we will also reach the municipalities that
leads productive processes under organic agriculture, which
They are managed by the Umatas.
At the national level, we can reach through the warehouses.
of chains that handle large volumes such as Éxito,
Carrefour, Carulla, Olímpica.
COLOMBIA:

Giselle Nabulsi
Dirección: Transversal 68 No.141-04 – Bogota.
CUNDINAMARCA
Phone: 57-1-6850665
Email:giginabulsi@[Link]

Javier Alberto Chatte:

Address: Cra. 43B No. 26-46 Villa del Sur - Cali. Valle del
Cauca
Teléfono/s: 326 51 07 - 327 81 83
Email:laselva@[Link]

Nelson Chala Alvarez

Dirección: Av.8a. No #48-06– Cali. Valle del Cauca
Teléfono/s: 6653290
Email:nelcha@[Link]

Alex Del Risco:

Address: Villa Campestre Urb Ocho Ríos House 10 -
Barranquilla. Atlántico
Phone(s): 359 8832
Email:alex_ris@[Link]

Patricia Fabiola Blanco Gamboa

Address: Cra 27A Autopista Block. 3 Apt 104 Carabelas -
Bucaramanga, Santander
Teléfono/s: 6391991
Mail:singereagle2000@[Link]
Reviving Our Land Foundation:
Dirección: calle168 No. 32A-71 int7 apto 302 – Bogotá,
Cundinamarca
Phone/s: 57 (1)6729825
Email:nrenutierra@[Link]

VENEZUELA:

Martin Añez
Address: National Highway Via Barbacoas, Haciendas de
Guanayen, Street # 2, Villa Clarita House - San Francisco de Cara.
Aragua
Phone/s: 016 7434941
Alexey M. Korobkoff L.:
Address: Negrín Street -
Resd. LosAlamos - Floor 11
11B - La Florida -
Caracas, D.F.
Phone/s: +58.416-
623.4666
Email:
akorobkoff@[Link]

Edgar Alfredo Lavado Rojas

Address: Urb. Cigarral.
Resd. Los Angeles Tower 3
Apt. 17-1 - Zone
Metropolitan. D:F
Teléfono/s: 0212-963-3195
Email:elavadp@[Link]

Joshua Molina:
Address: Carrera 17 between
streets 13 and 14 Edif. Don
Juan Apto- 53-c - San
Cristóbal. Tachira.
Teléfono/s: 0414- 7085110
(0276) 355.76.87
Email:
jooosue@[Link]

HONDURAS:

Herman Vogelsang-Kilgore:
Address: Col. Las Mercedes
block 1 house # 1 - San
Pedro Sula. Cuts.
Teléfono/s: 41 22 346 15
44
Email:
hvogelsa@[Link]

Julio C. Batres L.:

Address: Col. El Molino N.
5 - Valley of Angels.
Francisco Morazan.
Teléfono/s: (504) 232-5865
Email:
batresjulio@[Link]

URUGUAY:

Treaty s.a:
Address: Bv. Artigas
l9l9/203 - Montevideo
Teléfono/s: 598 2 408 6720
Email:
Nancy Ojeda: TERRA-BIOTECH: Ramón
Address: Carlos M. de Pena Castle Palacios
4781 - Montevideo Address: Av. Usumacinta,
Phone/s: 3078564 in front of [Link]
Email:Send message >>> Usumacinta Road B4 Set
002 - Villahermosa.
PARAGUAY: TABASCO
Phone/s: 3161444, cell
Julio Arrúa 044993 3595720
Address: La Franconi 4174 -
Asunción
Teléfono/s: 595 21 212 085
Email:arrua@[Link]

Ing. Gaston Garrido:

Address: Cap. Elias Ayala 386 -
Asunción
Phone/s: 595 21 605558
Email:pampas@[Link]

COSTA RICA:

CICA S.A.:
Address: P.O. Box 270 - 1017
Saint Joseph
Teléfono/s: 506 290-4490
Email:tell@[Link]

Esteban Alfonso Paniagua Moya:

Address: San Juan de Lajas -
AlfaroRuiz. Alajuela
Teléfono/s: 4618484 o 4457788
Email:
estebanpm79@[Link]

Alberto González Quiroga:

Address: PO Box 309-2010 -
San Jose
Phone(s): (506) 253-1584 and
(506) 384-9088
Email:shelecho@[Link]

MEXICO
 Worm farming - Torres - Eng.
Dr. Fransisco Javier Salcedo: Gabriel Torres Chavez
Address: Highway Address: Agustín de la Rosa #
Huimilpan s/n Residential 4 Ote. Col. Benito J uarez 1a
The Alhambra House 75a - Stage - Tamazula de Gordiano
Queretaro Phone/s: 01 (358) 41 620 47
Phone(s): 524422227265 Cell. 01 3414396466
Email:btagros@[Link]

email:gtorreschavez@[Link].m

Daniel Romero Parissi:

Address: Av. 34 No. 619 - Córdoba. Jalisco
Teléfono/s: 01 271 2 65 75
Email:lombricor@[Link]

Fertihumus S.P.R. de R.L:

Address: Luis Spota Saavedra 1a - Comala. Colima.
Phone/s: (312) 3155347
Email:organicos@[Link]

Earthworm Farm Tierra Viva SPR de RL:

Dirección: Pico de Tancitaro #342, Col. Santiaguito – Morelia.
Michoacán.
Teléfono/s: 01(443) 3-21-35-07
Email:Send message >>>

Ignacio Sanchez
Dirección: Av. Miravalle # 24 - Acatlan de juarez. Jalisco.
Teléfono/s: 013877720739
Email:nachyver@[Link]

Cultivate Organic Products.

Address: Manuel M. Ponce 69-102 - Mexico
Teléfono/s: (52-5) 5661-8870
Email: ventas@[Link]

Ramon Palacios Castle:

Address: Paseo Usumacinta. Conj. Usumacinta Ed. B4-02 -
Villahermosa, Tabasco.
Teléfono/s: (993)3161444, cel 044 993 3595720
Email:jrpalaciosc@[Link]

Mvz Jose Estrada:

Address: Paseo Alameda 105 Fracc. Jardines II - San Miguel
from Allende
Phone(s): 01 415 10 30382. Guanajuato.
Email: pepillos@[Link]

Jose Luis Icazbalceta Lerma

Dirección: ceresos 112 fracc."El Naranjal" – Durango.
Durango.
Teléfono/s: (52)(618)8126931
Email:cachil53@[Link]
ARGENTINA: Ricardo Gioia:
Address: Chenaut-
Chapel of the Lord
Phone(s): (00.54.11)
[Link] / ([Link])
[Link] - ID (Nextel) Enrique Battistelli:
54*301*3055 Address: Pueyrredon 390 -
Email: Lincoln
ricardogioia@[Link] Teléfono/s: 02355-421697

Liliana Sampedro
Address: Route 7. Km 96 -
San Andrés de Giles
Phone/s: ( 005411)
4501-4852/ 4504-1668
Email:
lilivision@[Link]

Alfredo Carmona:
Address: Joaquin V
Gonzales1879 - Mar del
Silver
Teléfono/s: 4793290
Email:
alfred@[Link]

MARISA JURQUIZA:
Address: MAGALLANES
4467 - MAR DEL PLATA
Teléfono/s: 0223 4892547
Email:
mjurquiza@[Link]

Lombritorcuato
Address: Richieri 1735 -
Don Torcuato
Phone(s): 4748-6836
Email:
carlospaoli@[Link]

Sarlinga Hugo L.:

Address: Av. San Martin
654 - Villa Lynch
Phone(s):
47549653/47550748
Email:
lombricultura@[Link]
[Link]

Héctor Horacio Quiroga:

Address: Dr. Bambill
1285 - (8000) Bahía
White
Phone/s: (0291)
4861613
Email:
ranchvie@[Link]
Email:ebattistelli@[Link] Sandra Abal:
Address:
Iván 'Vane' Mihanovich: Ituzaingó 446 -
Dirección: Cuartel 17 San Jacinto - Mercedes River Four
Phone(s): 4701-0277/15-4494-5545 Cordoba.
Email:vanemihanovich@[Link] Telephone/s:
(0358)-
Guillermo M. Lombardo: 4647397
Address: Rawson 501 - Lincoln
Phone(s): 02355-430888
Email:guillermos2001@[Link]

Julio Pelazzo:
Dirección: H. J. Cámpora 1541 - Merlo
Phone(s): 0220-4829035/ 15-49930330
Email:julio_pelazzo@[Link]

Andres Morando:
Address: Assembly of the Year XIII 392 -
Hurlingham
Phone/s: 011-4452-0930 cell. 15-4497-
7204
Email:andresmorando@[Link]

Daniela N. Fontanella:
Address: Cochabamba 2167 - City
Madero
Teléfono/s: 15-4098-8253
Email:danielatyr@[Link]

Andrea Margarita Pollaroli

Dirección: 14 de Julio 447 - Dpto. 5 - Tandil
Teléfono/s: 02293-442405
Email: andreamargaritapollaroli@[Link]

Dr. Miguel Schuldt:

Dirección: 407 Nº2516 - (1894) Villa Elisa
Phone(s): (54-221)4730682
Email:miguel_schuldt@[Link]

Omar Munafo:
Dirección: Santiago del Estero 1348 7º B -
Capital
Phone/s: (54-11)4-304-1244
Email: garciamunafo@[Link]

Edgardo Klapputh:
Address: Chubut 75 - Parque neighborhood
Dunamar - Claromecó / Tres Arroyos
Phone(s): 02982495837
Email:edgardok@[Link]
Email:sabalr@[Link]

Lic. Julio C. Macagno:

Address: Gorriti 3196-3000 - Santa Fe
Teléfono/s: 342 4896285 / 03404 156 35208
Email:bioinsumos68@[Link] Farm
Spain
Fabricio Coronel: -
Address: Dutra 3406 - Posadas. Misiones. Miguel
Phone/s: 03752 437899 Garcia:
Email:CARINABOLSAN4@[Link]

Rodolfo Sabio Navarro:

Dirección: Rivadavia Nº 770 - Salta
Phone number/s: 0387-4314539
Email:insal@[Link]

Manuel G. GARCÍA SOLÁ:

Address: Jose Hernandez 626 – Resistencia. Chaco
Phone/s: 03722 4 35115
Email:mgsola@[Link]

Gabriel Laureano Andrian:

Address: Belisario Roldan 2610 - Paraná. Between
Rivers
Phone(s): 0343_4351928
Email:andrian@[Link]

Municipality of Intendente Alvear

Address: 25 de Mayo 972 - Intendente Alvear.
Pampa.
Teléfono/s: 02302-481007/091/097 fax 02302-
481484
Email:munialvear@[Link]

Luis Cesar García:

Address: Lavalle 2333 - Venado Tuerto. Santa Fé
Phone/s: 431346
Email:lucega@[Link]

ECUADOR

Dr. Antonio Andrade Fajardo:

Address: Los Ceibos street 11 No 107 Apartment 3 -
Guayaquil
Teléfono/s: 0059342351903
Email:drantaf@[Link]

Ing. Manuel Navia:

Address: Avilés Street 207 Lomas de Urdesa -
Guayaquil
Teléfono/s: 2389250 2384164
Email:Send message >>>

Félix Valverde Cruz: Address Q . V . No. 2 - Guayaquil

Teléfono/s: 2349592
Email:felixvalverdec@[Link]
Address: El Rodeo San Marcos, Guatemala, C.A. - San
Marcos, The Rodeo
Phone(s): 3336424
Email:sanmarcos@[Link]

Lombri-Fert:
Address: Finca El Faro - El Palmar,
Quetzaltenango.
Phone(s): (502) 368-1862/715-
2218
Email:delfaro@[Link]

SPAIN:

Miguel Angel Rodriguez

Address: AV Andalucia No. 20 -
Port of Santa Maria. CADIZ.
Phone number/s: 956-85-94-11
Email: miguepuerto@[Link]

Felipe Gijón:
Address: Avda. Andalucía, 7 -
Algallarín. Córdoba.
Phone/s: +34 957187131
Email:Send message >>>

Daniel Ugarte:
Address: Mencey de Abona 68 -
Granadilla. Tenerife.
Phone(s): 922-772730
Email: romanzopianum@[Link]

BOLIVIA

Mireya Dametto Rocabado

Dirección: Tarapacá N° 0356 -
Cochabamba
Teléfono/s: 4581813 - Cel.:
70753616
Email:midatto@[Link]

CHILE:

Lombritec, Patricio Basaure Delgado:

Address: Fray Camilo Henriquez
676 Dpto. 41 - Santiago Chile
Phone(s): cell 09-1714631-(56)2-
2224520-cell 09-0202718

Marcia Faba C.- Jaime Dominguez C.:

Dirección: Sevilla 1590 Dep.103
Independence/ parcel G-7 Sta.
Sara - Batuco - Santiago
Phone/s: 56-2-7322823/ 09-
4999971/09-9698393
Email:marcia_faba@[Link]

Maribel Guerrero Henríquez:

Dirección: Avd. Colon 6465 dpto 805
Eduardo Hernández Garcés:
Address: Irlanda 1805 - Valdivia
Teléfono/s: 08-4191719
Email:Send message >>>

Oscar Hügel Kaempffer:

Dirección: Parcela 1 Condominio La Capilla - Santiago-Batuco.
METROPOLITAN REGION
Phone/s: 733 12 08-474 13 03
Email:oscarhugel@[Link]

Pachamama Worm Farming:

Address: Avda. Borgoño 17400A apt 141 - Viña del Mar. The
Countesses.
Phone/s: 56 09 8447192/ 56 32 837636
Email:ebollo@[Link]

As can be seen, the most advanced country regarding

organization and production of humus in Argentina that has several
organized companies dedicated to consulting, production and
marketing of humus and California red worms, apart from
other people and companies dedicated to the same activity but in
independent form. Its competitive location geographically is
disadvantageous compared to our country, as to reach the
international markets must cover greater distances, those that
increase the costs of the products.
We consider that our country, and in particular our company
It occupies a strategically competitive position regarding its location.
geographic, as it has an international airport terminal, port
maritime and river port, which facilitates the movement of orders
without any difficulty, likewise the national road network connects to
Atlantic department with the entire interior of the country, in case of
transport goods by land.
Mexico is competitively better than our
country, as it has a greater number of producers, this
about a potential market which is the United States, furthermore
has double the number of producers than our country, also
has excellent means of air and sea transportation,
therefore we consider that in the international market
our strong competition is with the producers of this
the country, likewise has a better organization of the
producers, including even entities responsible for the
research in this field.
Regarding other Latin American countries, we consider that
we find ourselves in similar conditions, so the competition
it is not very high, let’s consider that there are relatively few
companies dedicated to this activity with respect to demand
national and international. Regarding Europe, the report of
producers are only in Spain, which clearly indicates to us
that Europe is an attractive potential market for our
products, as the supply is low, limited to a single country.

Regarding marketing, international free trade agreements

trade, they open the doors to take our products to
other countries, even if they are producers but showing a deficit
in its production, and the
markets in the United States and Europe favor us, as the
the international trend is oriented towards products of
organic origin and the demand for these is high, being their
more favorable prices, those that allow us to reach with
preference of our products in these markets. The
chemical products, in this case fertilizers, are being
restricted in developed countries and the trend is towards
organic fertilizers, so the domestic market is a potential
customer of this type of subscriptions.
The social impact of the application of this project is
strong, as it solves the problem of pollution,
jobs are created and waste material is recovered from
organic type to which added value is given and is
reverts to a product with a commercial value
unsuspected in the national and international market.
Legally, all the management that must be carried out
recognize the company as an organized entity,
responsible and with clear goals and objectives,
it is necessary to request the relevant licenses from
operation, health, permits, and all the
documentation that facilitates the operation of the
company as such.
Technology is the most suitable for achieving what is
it intends, we consider that the differences between a
place and another differ very little and the difference lies in
in each case, the innovative component that one wants
add to give added value to the final product.

Strengths and Weaknesses are identified in the structure

internal to the company, therefore we will evaluate the following:

Quality and Quantity of the resources available to the

empresa:

Efficiency and innovation in actions and the

procedures:
 Ability to satisfy the customer:

The typical population is broken down as follows: Farmers

small, medium and large; Municipal Councils, loves
from home.

Our product is a novelty in the fertilizer market.

in the Caribbean region, which is why we believe that its entry will not
resulting very difficult, coupled with the conditions of low
fertility of the soils in this region which results in a need
manifesto to improve soil conditions, with the
consequent demand for our products, furthermore there is no a
strong competition of organic fertilizer products in the region
Colombian Caribbean neither in the rest of the country, as there are few
existing humus production companies and those that are not
they manage to meet the demand for the product.
In conclusion, we can say that we have a great advantage.
compared to other producers, as there are few and on a scale
Internationally, there is a great demand for these products.

Marketing Strategies

PRODUCT OR SERVICE CONCEPT: Basic description,

specifications or characteristics, application/use of the product or service
(for example, if the B/S is of direct consumption, intermediate consumption, etc.)
design, quality, packaging and packing, strengths and weaknesses of the product
or service, in front of the competition.

BASIC DESCRIPTION:

Humus and Proteins is a high quality natural product, whose

the process begins with the proper handling and classification of the material
organic, for later through a physical-chemical process
adequate, grinding of organic material and addition of one or more
appropriate bacterial strains that accelerate the process of
decomposition and avoid bad odors we achieve the final product,
HUMUS and then due to the high proliferative activity of the red worm
from Californian we obtain animal PROTEIN in the form of Pulp.
These are durable goods as they do not lose their
physical or chemical qualities if subjected to some
adequate handling conditions DESCRIPTION OF HUMUS:
Humus is a solid organic product with fine granules.
medium (grains between 1 and 5 mm), brown or yellowish brown in color
dark, according to the Munsell color chart for soils, with smell
characteristic of fresh earth. When wet, its texture is soft to the touch.
like talcum powder, exhibiting the phenomenon of thixotropy. Humidity
the average is 46%, ranging from 40-50%; The capacity
cation exchange is greater than 60 meq/g, reaching values
up to 150 meq/g, being one of its best characteristics
and the one that provides the most benefits to plant nutrition.

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES:

• Increases porosity, capillarity, and retention of

soil moisture, improving its structure.
• It allows nitrogen fixation, facilitating aeration.
and soil oxygenation.
• Increases the C.I.C of the soil.
• Increases soil fertility by providing elements
greater and lesser.
• In basic soils, it reduces salinity and corrects its pH.
• Increase the production and quality of the harvests.
• Nourishes the plants better, allows for better anchoring of the
the same and produces crops faster by advancing the
ripening.
• Increases the sugar content.
• It is a water-retaining agent, reducing the needs of
irrigation.
• Increases the number of flower buds.

ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC MATTER:

ELEMENT UNITED RESULT
D O
Humidity % 20.0
Ashes % 25.8
Losses x % 49.2
Volatilization
Organic Carbon % 21.5
C/N 12.0
PH 6,62
Cap. Ret. Of % 164
Humidity
Density gr./c.c 0.38
.
C.I.C Me/10 43
0gr
Conductivity dS/m 7.34
Electr.
Nitrogen Total % 1.80
(Nt)
Phosphorus (P205) % 1.67
Potassium (K2O) % 0.44
 Insoluble residue in % 17.2
acid
Wet phase analysis

PRESENTATION OF HUMUS

Sales as follows: By bundles of 50 kg, packed in bags of

polyethylene fibers
For transparent plastic bags of 1kg, 2kg,
6.5kg of low-density polyethylene
By bulk tons.
The plastic bags where the hummus will be packed must
carry labeled the following information:
Logo.
Commercial name of the product.
Production company.
Product expiration date
Company address.
Chemical analysis of the product.
Net packed weight.
Packaging: The plastic bags will be packed in
larger transparent plastic bags whose weights
The following will be packaged: For bags of 1 and 2 Kg.
packaging in plastic bags that do not exceed 20 Kg.
maximum.
Strengths of the product: Its presentation in various weights in
Kg. for greater public access.
Guaranteed chemical composition.
The properties and advantages presented above.
The proximity to sea and air ports for its
mobilization and transport.
The physical-chemical handling given to the raw material guarantees
greater stability of the final product.

DESCRIPCIÖN DE LA LOMBRIZ ROJA:

The California red worm is an organic product, in color

purple-red, with centric thickening, flattened tail,
approximately 8 to 10 cm in length. Raised in captivity
and with appropriate handling, it reproduces up to 512 times, in
the course of their active life, lives approximately 16 years and
it reaches sexual maturity at three months of age. It
reproduce by means of eggs or capsules of which each
In 14 days, 2 to 21 small worms are born, achieving
to reproduce each worm up to 1,500 worms in a year
meat has a high protein content between 62 and
82%, in addition to a good amount of amino acids,
including essential amino acids, surpassing flour of
fish and soy

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES:

• Increases porosity, capillarity, and retention of

soil moisture, improving its structure.
• It allows nitrogen fixation, facilitating aeration.
and soil oxygenation.
• Increase soil fertility.
• Increases the production and quality of the crops.
• It is used fresh in the feeding of birds, fish and
other domestic animals.
• In pig feeding, it allows for greater
food conversion, that traditional food.
• It is used in human food, in the preparation
of hamburgers, minced meat, and cold cuts
• Increase reproductive activity in birds by achieving
significant major positions.
• The acquisition of protein is very economical, since it
synthesize from organic waste.
• Through the drying system, the flour is used in the
preparation of concentrated feed for animals.
• Collagen is used in the pharmaceutical industry.
present in the worms, and, from the coelomic fluid, it
they produce antibiotics.
• It is a subject of scientific research due to its high
tissue regeneration capacity and its immunity.

PRESENTATION OF ANIMAL PROTEIN:

In a jar, by Kg., ton or bulk, packed in boxes

plastic or Styrofoam containers according to requested quantities and
destination site.
Refrigerated and/or frozen for international markets,
packed in plastic bags of size according to
customer requirement.
-Like sun-dried and ground worm flour.
The plastic bags and boxes where the worm is packaged and/or
flour must be labeled with the following information:
Logo.
-Nombre comercial del producto.
Producer company.
Product expiration date
Company address.
Chemical analysis of the product.
Net weight packaged.
Packaging: for the worm flour, the plastic bags to its
they are packed in transparent plastic bags of
larger size whose packed weights will be the following:
For 1 and 2 Kg bags. packaging in plastic bags that do not
exceed the maximum of 20 kg.
For the sale of live worms, they are packaged in
plastic baskets with a certain content of organic matter
that guarantees the moisture and survival of them
until its final delivery.
Strengths of the product: It is a relatively new product
that is starting to arrive in our market, and has a
high demand in the international market.
Its guaranteed chemical composition.
The properties and advantages presented above.
The proximity to sea and air ports for its
mobilization and transportation.
The physical-chemical handling given to the raw material guarantees
greater stability of the final product.

PLASTIC POST
Plastic is a material obtained in the laboratory through
synthetic transformation of carbon primarily but
also of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen in combination
with other elements obtained from petroleum.
Plastic is hardly biodegradable, for this reason it
it turns into a highly polluting product, even more so if
It is taken into account that plastics produce when burned
poisonous gases.

DESCRIPTION
It is a square block with a side length of 10 centimeters.
variable according to the needs of the user the most
representative is 1.5 meters and whose faces have a
wood-like texture property granted by the addition
in the process of rice husk.
The initial application is the erection of fences on the farms.
and rural farms avoiding the use of wooden posts that are
they rot when buried in the ground due to the moisture of the
same, forcing its replenishment in cyclical periods that
They vary according to the type of soil and the rainfall of the area.
PROPERTIES
Resistance to corrosion and weathering
Resistance to tensile, compressive, shear stresses
and bending
Practicality of handling and transport
Easy placement

DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES Penetration alternatives, alternatives

of marketing, national or international physical distribution,
sales strategies, budget, distribution-related tactics,
distribution channel to be used.

DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES:

Marketing Alternatives:
The process of commercialization is intended to be initiated through various
aggressive advertising campaigns through written media, targeted press
to the general public, and in radio advertising spots, during schedule of
5 a.m. to 6:50 a.m. aimed specifically at listeners in the sector
rural. Personalized visits will also be made to nurseries, farms.
that have high production capacity, commercial managers of
chain stores, mayors and government entities
interested in organic agriculture. We will present brochures
advertisers with our products, making a presentation of
our company.

We believe that in the medium term our products will

they have positioned themselves in the national market. In the market
international, we will start contacts via the Internet,
using the website, for it is through this medium that
more are promoted and commercial contacts are made
especially at the international level when the signing is already being managed
of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). We will also resort to
the associations of worm farmers and humus producers already
that through them commercial contacts are made with
interested advertisers. There are websites created by
these associations where such contacts can be made.
En cada caso se hará la presentación del producto con sus
respective physical and technical characteristics.
Strategic alliances can also be formed with NGOs.
that promote organic agriculture to promote
our products, this can happen at a national level as
international.
The marketing will be carried out through representatives.
in the country, and high volumes will be handled destined for
wholesale market that will be responsible for distribution.
Similarly for plastic products the distribution
agricultural warehouses and hardware stores will be used, especially the
located in rural areas with medium volume management
of merchandise
International logistics and physical distribution:
Our company's leading organic products
they must have an accessory, with an excellent, efficient and
optimal international physical logistics so that we can
bring these products to the Venezuelan and Spanish market, and
subsequently to the other countries of America and Europe that
let's manage to engage. The company Global Maritime with high
technology for the transportation and distribution of products will be done
charge of its national and international distribution and has its
headquarters in the city of B/quilla.
We must have an adequate communication system and equipment.
with appropriate technology, for the project to develop in the
better conditions and allow for a quick response to the
customer needs for our products.
Sales abroad will be managed through
Representatives of the company, who will handle the market
wholesaler and will be in charge of distribution. In the event of
if required, we can carry out the shipments directly,
intended for legally established companies or individuals from
legal type.

Costs and Expenses:

Direct Costs of the Product.
Administrative Expenses.
Operational Expenses.
Office Furniture and Equipment.
Working Capital.
Project Investment.

PRICING STRATEGIES:
Competitive price analysis, launch price, break-even point,
payment terms, necessary insurance, sales taxes, cost of
["transport","exchange rate risk","tariff preferences","tactics"]
related to prices, possible price variation to withstand war
of prices.

Commercial Value: WE MUST SET OUR PRICES

COMPARED TO THOSE OF THE COMPETITION.
We can present to the public prices similar to those of the
competitions or special discounts (up to 15%) to
customers whose quantities exceed the ton of the product.
When it comes to protein in the form of red worms, it will be done.
a discount based on the order;
-From 10 to 20 Kg. 5% on the base price.
- From 21 to 50 Kg. 10% on the base price.
From 51 Kg. onwards accompanied by advice 15% on the
base price.
In addition to the discounts, when it comes to humus,
the added value generated on the caliber will be promoted
from the particles passed through the sieve (Sieves will be used)
different calibers which will give particles of various
sizes.)
Customers who pay in periods shorter than those stipulated will be
they will recognize special discounts, of up to 15% off the value of
base price.

STRATEGIES FOR SUPPLYING RAW MATERIALS

SUPPLIES. Supply alternatives, acquisition prices,
supplier credit policies, early payment discounts or for
volume, if so, establish the amounts, volumes and/or
percentages etc. Define if the suppliers grant credit. In case
Affirmative, establish the deadlines for making the payments.

The different microspaces and insertions will explain to us,

among other things, what to do with single-use bags that
they are given to us in stores, what is done with the paper and the
cardboard containers that we deposit in the bins
blue, where it is processed and what are the uses of its recycling.
One of the micros will show us the most common mistakes that
we commit when depositing packaging waste in
the yellow container and will offer us simple tricks to
optimize the space occupied by packaging waste in
our homes.

The campaign will allow all of us to know that with the

recovered plastic from packaging can be made into,
elements of urban furniture in our cities and
many of the pipes and construction materials for
our homes. Another of the campaign's spaces will address
resolving doubts we may have about selective collection
and the functioning of the Integrated System

PROMOTION STRATEGIES:
Promotion aimed at customers and channels (volume discounts or by
early payment), handling of special clients; special concepts that are
They are used to motivate sales, initial geographical coverage, and expansion;
promotion budget, estimated launch promotion cost and
business advertising. Launch price and expected behavior
of the price (growth rate)
By locating agricultural areas with a high density of crops
the organic product will be promoted by offering discounts
specials related to transportation costs.
The promotion at retail launch will be based on offering
two bags of the product for the price of one.
In the plastics section due to its production cost the promotion
It will be to sell three items for the price of two.
A budget should be allocated for the launch promotion.
budget of millions for written advertising half
for radio advertising. For the rainy periods, it will be done
supermarket-level promotions for retail sales.

COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES:
Selection of media, mass media, related tactics
communications.

To promote our products and enter the market

we must use mass communication media such as radio,
press and possibly television.
Como herramienta fundamental hay que contar con Internet,
a webpage will be created that identifies the company, for
promote products and services at all levels and one
immediate attention through email, as for
this medium achieves countless commercial contacts, it is
it's essential to have a telephone line and fax service
independents that is to say that it is necessary to acquire an adequate
system and communication equipment with modern technology.
SERVICE STRATEGIES:
Warranty and after-sales service; customer service mechanisms
installation, home service, others), payment methods, comparison of
service policies compared to the competition.
Organic products will have a shelf life of x
years guaranteeing the quality of it due to defects of its
manufacturing or packaging and for bulk buyers the
after-sales service with visits from an engineer
agronomist who not only explains the best use of
product rather practical advice related to crops for
which the fertilizer will be used on.
For plastic posts, the warranty is a minimum of 20 years.
useful life will also apply to manufacturing defects, the
After-sales support will be provided during the installation consultation.
the element will have an exclusive telephone extension
for the attention to customer or potential inquiries
clients seeking information or service.

MARKETING MIX BUDGET: Quantify the costs incurred in

marketing strategies are incurred

PROYECCIONES DE VENTAS: Defina cantidades de ventas por periodo

(monthly, quarterly, or semi-annually, the first year and the
totals by year, for the business evaluation period (this period is
variable in accordance with the nature of the business), taking into account the
demandas estacionales en caso de presentarse, así como los aumentos.
Determine the revenue (in $) according to the pricing strategy and to the
projection of units sold.
The amounts

PORTFOLIO POLICY: Define whether given the market conditions

requires granting credit to customers. If so, establish the
terms of the portfolio and the percentages concerning the sale value.
The portfolio policy will be promoted for bulk clients or
large distributors and it would be managed according to the
purchase volumes, initially it will start with credits
thirty (30) days for amounts greater than x tons
monthly
Taking into account the harvest collection periods
payment facilities will be established

MODULE: OPERATION

OPERATION
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET OF THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE. Description and analysis of the
technical characteristics of the product or service to be developed: capacity, qualities,
design, size, technology, physicochemical characteristics, etc.

The main product of plastic material recycling is the

post for fences that is used on most farms or
farms in the country to define the properties of each one
They are made entirely from the plastic material that is collected.
in the collection process that guarantees a high
durability withstands the rigors of the elements
Humus is an organic fertilizer that is produced from the
Organic solid waste has a moisture content of 20%.
It is a natural fertilizer in granular form, calcium-based, possessing
fundamental nutrients for the physiological process of plants and
which in turn forms a physical-chemical and biological interaction
about the soil layer.

He is an excellent handler of structural properties.

of the soil, which effectively combats erosion, facilitates the
agricultural soil cultivation, provides better aeration, retains
sufficient water, regulating the permeability and drainage of
soil, regenerates arid soils, excessively fertilized and
treated with chemical pesticides, the soil is regenerated with
a greater amount of easily available organic nutrients
assimilable, provides a greater germination due to better
water absorption facilitates the activation of the system
radicular, producing in turn greater vitality and
plant resistance.
It is used to control erosion processes, in forestry-
["reforestation","grasslands","coffee plantations","sugarcane","tobacco","rice"]
tropical crops in quantities of 50 to 200 Ton/Ha, two
times a year, before and after winter.
In eroded soils, 300 tons/HA or more is used.
incorporating into the soil with heavy machinery.
In medium extensions of rice, legumes, cotton,
vegetables, fruit trees, in quantities of 10 to 30 tons/ha, three to
four months before planting.
It can be applied with chemical fertilizer, in a proportion of 25
parts of humus for two parts of chemical fertilizer.
In small quantities, it is used especially in units.
minimum production, nurseries, gardens, greenhouses,
flowers, etc., in quantities of less than 10Ton/Ha.
Organic fertilizer is produced through a biological process and one
physicochemical. Initially, the collected waste is classified
in organic and inorganic. The organic material is treated through
aerobic digestion and bacteria that accelerate the decomposition of the
organic matter avoiding bad odors. These wastes
they remain in stacks two meters high, which are removed
permanently in order to facilitate aerobic digestion and thus
prevent the production of bad smells. Subsequently, the material
biodegradable is transported to pits to make the application of the
worms, not without first moistening the substrate to facilitate their
input and achieve its feeding and sustenance and obtain the humus
and animal protein. Subsequently, the worms are subjected to
food stress, which causes them to localize in the part
superior of the substrate in order to select and separate them from the
substrate. The organic material, humus, is passed through sieves of
various calibers to achieve a size classification of
particles, which is the way it is marketed.
The project is designed to produce 220 in the first year
150 tons of humus and 150 tons of California red worms

STATE OF DEVELOPMENT Description of the state of the art of the asset or

service and the progress made on the new good or service to be developed.
Tests have been carried out for the manufacturing of the plastic post.
resulting in a product with good finish and high quality
resistance.

BUSINESS IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS: Design, work plan

to implement the business, conducting tests for the rollout
march.
In case of subcontracting, describe the process that is the responsibility of
the company. Relationship between produced units and amount of material
required packaging, Transport cost of raw materials and supplies. $/
per unit of measure. Time required for the implementation of
business, in order to determine the time elapsed between the moment
from the start of its implementation and the moment it effectively
the operational and productive phase of the business begins.

PRODUCTION PROCESS OF THE GOOD OR SERVICE: Define the tasks and

activities required for obtaining the good or service, for this purpose
create a flowchart of the process and attach it as a file.
Determinar la duración del ciclo de producción, definir el sistema de
production to be used, for example production by the batch system
consecutive, semi-consecutive batches, continuous production etc., according to the
type of business. Plant distribution. Process diagram of
production. Determine the duration (as applicable, in days, weeks,
months, etc.) of a production cycle and/or run.
,

The process begins with the receipt of waste at the plant.

collected by various means contracted by the mayor's office.
In the reception area, it is immediately carried out the
classification of waste as follows: Waste
Inorgánicos; Plásticos, metálicos y [Link] orgánicos:
All biological material likely to be decomposed almost
immediately, to then enter the process of
transformation through the use of California red worms.
After classification, a shredding or crushing is carried out of
the organic matter, then, and then bacteria are injected
that accelerate the accelerated aerobic fermentation process,
transforming carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
(main components of organic waste), in
carbon dioxide and water, without generating bad odors in
the process. To complement the process, a turning is done
permanent disposal of the waste, in order to aerate the waste,
achieve the release of generated heat and promote the planting of
the strains of worms, these arrive in the final stage and their
the goal is to transform through its consumption and
digestion, the organic matter prepared beforehand and that
serves as food, and that in optimal conditions
promotes the production of humus and the easy reproduction of the
worms, final objective of our project in the part
organic

To start the working process of the plastic material then

to classify and separate, it is perfectly cleaned,
it will later be dried and ground to achieve a size
to be homogeneous before entering the machine where it is going to
to be extruded. The impurities that waste usually contains
should be avoided or eliminated, as they are foreign bodies that
they can reduce the quality of the final product if they are melted
together with the plastic. For example, the weight percentage of
impurities present in a cup of yogurt are frequently
superior to the weight of the container itself, which is 6g due to
to the quality of yogurt remnants that usually remain. For this reason,
when plastic waste of this type is collected, it
they collect more impurities than plastic itself, and that
they will necessarily have to be separated from this later.
Whenever possible, the containers should be rinsed.
plastic before separating them, as its pollution increases
its cleaning cost. They should also not be exposed to the sun.
that this reduces their quality to transform them into plastics
new.
The best results of plastic recycling are obtained
when the waste to be reused is of a single class, it is
they contain the same type of plastic, the same additives
and the same charges. Additionally, the residue must be more than
less clean if recycled products are to be obtained from
great value.
An example of easily recyclable plastic product is the
beer bottle transport box. The boxes of
spoiled beer is collected by the brewery.
Since each manufacturer only collects their own boxes, these are
of a single type and the same color. How can it be reused?
compact disc? Compact discs are composed pieces
of three layers: the transparent PC layer, which contains the
musical information, the reflective aluminum layer, and a
compact disc protective cover.
The three materials can only be separated by
very complex procedures. This greatly complicates the
recycled by melting, since PC plastic is not available
as unique material, and it is also contaminated with
aluminum. Therefore, currently it can hardly be recycled.
compact discs. However, generally it is about
long-life products.
Another different case is that of disc packaging.
compact, made up of three pieces: the base and the lid are
of crystal polystyrene; the inner piece that holds the compact
The disc is made of colored polystyrene. The cover is made of paper.
It is not in any way attached to the plastic, so it can
separate from this. If the plastic pieces are classified according to
the colors and separate the uncolored ones, it is possible to return to
to manufacture transparent pieces.
In front of the thermoplastic material pieces of the
compact disc cases, material waste
thermosets and elastomers cannot be remolded from
new, so its reuse is only possible in the form of
loading, after being finely crushed. This application, not
however, it occurs infrequently. When thermosetting
and elastomers are present in small
amount of thermoplastic material waste results
even harmful, since, by their nature of bodies
strange, when heated or melted and reduce the properties of
recycled products, especially if they are made of thin walls.
Thermosets and elastomers can only
chemically reusing by destroying the properties
of the material itself. Currently, there are some plants
experimental for the chemical utilization of these
waste, but they are in

testing base and contribute very minimally to the

reduction of the amount of waste. Thus, most of
the waste of thermosets and elastomers continues to end
in landfills or incineration plants.
Primary recycling process: It is fundamentally the same.
for the different plastics. It consists of the separation,
["cleaning","pelletizing","molding","injection molding"]
molded by compression and thermoforming. Separation: The
separation is so difficult that some automated systems,
In addition to the manual, they have been developed.

Separation methods can be classified into

macro, micro and molecular separation. The macro separation is
It is about the complete product using recognition.
color or shape optical. Manual separation is included
within this category, this classification is assisted by
a code of numbers. The micro separation can be made by
a specific physical property such as size, weight,
density, etc. On the other hand, molecular separation
It involves processing the plastic after its dissolution and
then separate the plastics based on temperature
Cleaning: The separated plastics are generally
contaminated with food, paper, stones, dust, glue.
Therefore, they must first be cleaned by granulating them.
and then wash this granulate in a detergent bath. Another
the cleaning option is to granulate the plastics
repeatedly and discard it onto movable screens. It
it is recommended to use hydrocyclones when the plastic waste is
very polluted.
"The contaminated plastic is removed and being lightweight, it floats on"
the surface where it is expelled. The pollutants fall
at the back and they are unloaded". After the cleaning process, the
Plastics are called 'clean flakes' or 'clean granule.'

Pelletizing: The clean and dry granulate can already be sold or

it can become 'pellet'. For this, the granulate must
melt and pass through a tube to take the shape of
spaghetti when cooled in a water bath, once cold is
cut into pieces called "pellets"
Secondary recycling: Secondary recycling converts the
plastic in articles with properties that are inferior to them
of the original polymer. Examples of recovered plastics by
this form is thermosetting plastics or contaminated plastics. The
the plastic mixing process is representative of
secondary recycling. This eliminates the need to separate and
clean the plastics. The mix of plastics, including caps
of aluminum, paper labels, powder, etc., are ground and
they are melted together inside an extruder... The plastics go through
a tube with a large opening leading to a water bath, and then
they are cut to various lengths depending on the
customer specifications. Thermosetting plastics are
parts that do not melt and have to accumulate in the center
from the mixture and the more viscous plastics tend to escape,
giving the final product a uniform appearance.
Tertiary recycling: This degrades the polymer into compounds
basic chemicals and fuel. It is fundamentally
different from the two types of recycling mentioned
previously because it involves a chemical change furthermore
of the physicist. Here the long chains of the polymer break into
small hydrocarbons (monomers) or carbon monoxide
and hydrogen. Currently, tertiary recycling has two
main methods: pyrolysis and gasification. But it
they are developing other methods such as methanolysis and
glycolysis.
Methanolysis and Glycolysis: these methods for PET recycling
they have been developed by DuPont, Hoechst Celanese,
Eastman Chemical and Shell Chemical. It should be understood that the
methanolysis is the breaking of chains by methanol, and
glycolysis is the breaking of a glycosidic bond caused by
some substance. Alcoholysis has also been used by
Sherwin Williams to convert PET waste into
soluble polyesters. This alcoholysis is assisted by a
catalyst such as Ba(OH) 2.

NECESIDADES Y REQUERIMIENTOS Materias primas e insumos; Tecnología

required: description of equipment and machines; installed capacity;
mantenimiento; Situación tecnológica de la empresa: needs
techniques and technologies; Location and size; Operational workforce
specialized required. Quantification of the required BUDGET for
these acquisitions.

USAGE RECYCLING

Soft drink, water containers

Carpet filament,
mineral, juices, oil
clothing.
edible, etc.
PET

Milk containers,
detergents, shampoo Other containers
buckets, etc.
PEAD

Water pipes,
Shoe soles, pipes,
drains, hoses
etc.
cables, etc.
PVC

Bags for waste,

Movies for agriculture
industrial films.
PEBD

Food packaging, Pipes, items for

automotive industry, etc. automotive industry, etc.
PP
 Food packaging
pots, etc.
frozen foods, toys, etc.
PS

1. Polyethylene Terephthalate PET.

2. High-density polyethylene (HDPE).
3. Polyvinyl Chloride PVC.
4. low density polyethylene LDPE.
5. Polypropylene PP
6. Polystyrene PS

The raw material needed for the development of the

company is obtained from the solid waste produced by the
community of the municipality of ................., (Soledad)
For the processing of plastic material, a ...
washer, a dryer, a mill, an extruder, a shear,
a mixer.

For the processing of humus, the following is needed:

Organic matter in the form of waste.
California red worm strains.
Bacterial strains of various types.
Maturation pits, wheelbarrows.
Crusher.
Conveyor belt.
Scales or weights.
Romania or the Scale
Sieves of various calibers.
Additives (CaCo3).
Plastic baskets.

Styrofoam cups.
Plastic of various calibers and sizes.
Tools (shovels, rakes, hoe, hoses,
excavators, palin, rulas).
Wheelbarrows.
Packing fibers.
Packers.
Sealers.
Mat.
Water.
Thermometers.
pH meters.
 Investment (equity)

The investment required for an operating volume of 280 kg/hr

(prices include VAT), is as follows:

- 1 conveyor belt US$ 5,000

- 3 washing machines of 120 kg/hr US$ 150,000

3 dryers US$ 37,000

1 Mill US$ 10.620

1 recovered line, model SE/WR100CD US$ 90,756

1 industrial scale US$ 1,291

The useful life of the mill and the recovering system is estimated at 10 years.
while the rest of the machinery is estimated to last 20 years.

In this case, monthly production would grow by almost 150%, so

the rental of a warehouse that can withstand is so essential that
greater space requirements. The expenditure for the concept of
Rent is estimated at US$ 45,000 per year.

As in the previous case, the investment needed to equip the

factory personnel with industrial safety equipment amounts to
$40,000 per person. If 36 people are working, a is needed.
investment of US$ 3,600.

REQUIRED TECHNOLOGY:

As a correct and definitive solution to management and treatment

of household solid waste, using the
recovery of recyclable material of organic origin,
previously selected from the other materials not
biodegradables to later use a system based on it
controlled aerobic fermentation process,
accelerating the process with the introduction of bacteria from
various types and adding calcium carbonate to the medium in
decomposition to ensure that no emission occurs
bad odors (since at the end of this process we obtain
carbon dioxide, water, and additionally heat), until achieving
certain level of pH and moisture of the substrate, this guarantees the
proper planting of the California red worm strains and
that ensure their survival in this way, with this
fermented substrate. This process lasts about four
weeks.

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT AND MACHINES:

After the fermentation process, the stacks of matter

organic materials are transported to a hopper equipped with a
mechanical doser, which in turn feeds a mill of
blades, with an incorporated screening system, which
evenly grind the biodegradable organic material, that
it is the product used as substrate or medium where
they will feed and reproduce the worms and where
finally the humus will come out.

INSTALLED CAPACITY:

For the first year, we will have an installed capacity of 18.

Monthly tons of humus and 12.5 tons of animal protein
California red worm shape, equivalent to 100% of the
production for the first year.

MAINTENANCE:

The maintenance is mainly aimed at guaranteeing the

continuation of the process, so it is necessary to be very
pending the fermentation processes, for there lies
a large part of the project's success.

The equipment used must have daily maintenance

of cleaning because we are working with organized material that
facilitates the corrosion of materials such as iron. The hopper and the
the shredder must be cleaned daily and have a
maintenance of its mechanical parts every 60 days this with
the end of ensuring its conservation.

Cleaning is an essential part of proper functioning and greater

useful life of the equipment used.
The preventive maintenance program will be implemented.
since before the operational part was put into operation,
so that the same workers can take care of it, and of this
way to facilitate the work of the Department of
Maintenance.
TECHNOLOGICAL SITUATION OF THE COMPANY:
TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS:

LOCATION AND SIZE:

The plant will be located on the Baranoa-Galapa road, on land

from Exxon, in an area of 42 km. Granted in loan to the
Environmental NGO "Biotic Alternatives."

SPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL LABOR REQUIRED:

For populations of 10,000 inhabitants, 10 are required.

workers in the plant and for populations of 300,000 inhabitants
We require 70 workers classified by their positions.
in the following way:

Mill Operators.
Recycling operators.
Operators in the yard.
Humus operators.
Drivers.
Plant mechanic.
Mechanical assistant.
Administrative Manager.
Surveillance.
General Supervisor.

PRODUCTION PLAN. Taking the sales plan as a reference,

establish the quantities to be produced and their respective times, taking into account
count the inventory policies according to the nature of the business.
Production program (units per time period; e.g. boxes of
Tomato per month, number of lunches produced and sold per month,
Etc.)
Over many years, there has been in Colombia a
growth of plastic consumption and generation of the
per capita waste/day ranges between 0.5 and 0.8 kg, of which
0.056 Kg. correspond to plastic waste, representing
20% of the volume and from 5% to 7% of the total weight of
waste generated at the urban level. This without taking into account
the waste generated by petrochemical companies, which in
its process of producing plastic raw materials
they generate scraps that serve no purpose and have no
the required specifications to enter the market as
finished product, generating problems for its storage
or subsequent elimination. This growth in volume of
waste generation in the country has reached levels
alarming, which makes its management through
strategies like recycling, in a priority activity
The use of production waste is very
extended. It takes place in the very places of production or
through specialized companies in crushing. As
the waste is collected already sorted and without contamination,
It is only necessary to grind them to obtain suitable new material.
to transform it. In such a convenient way they were able to
reusing about 500,000 tons of production waste
during the year 1989.
The recycling of thermoplastics from other industrial sectors
it is only justified when proportions of 50% or more are given
a single plastic in the mixtures. This is valid for some
packaging and packing companies, and for plastic sheets
employees in the agricultural sector. In these cases, there is a
large proportion of PE sheet in the waste. These
sheets are cut, washed and separated from any
contamination. It is even possible to separate them mechanically
from other unwanted plastics, such as PVC or PS. Afterwards
from the subsequent drying, the sheet fragments feed into
an extruder, which converts them into granules. The material
obtained, called regrind, has a high purity, and
It can be used for the manufacturing of new sheets or tubes.
In 1989, the amount of waste reused, according to reports
described, rose to about 20,000 tons, which represents more
or less than one percent of all the waste that is
produced annually.
Most industrial waste is generated in
complex mixing form of several materials: this must
Separate by hand so that quantities can be gathered.
sufficient plastic of a certain purity. Certainly,
it would be better for the collection to be carried out considering the
type of plastic, which could save on costs of
classification.

PURCHASE PLAN: Based on the Production Plan. Identification of

suppliers; order fulfillment capacity; relative importance of the
suppliers; purchase planning; Quality control: control processes
quality required by the company,

quality control of purchases, implementation and monitoring of standards

established quality standards, quality control plan.

IDENTIFICATION OF SUPPLIERS:
Distributors of extruder machines such as RAMIT and FABLAM
supply conventional machines, Gustavo Espinosa of
Tejas el coloso manufactures machines made to order with technology
guaranteed national extruders and thermoformers for a
heavy work like reprocessing plastics.
For the organic processing section, the separators of
material

ORDER PROCESSING CAPACITY:

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SUPPLIERS:

PAYMENT TO SUPPLIERS:

PURCHASE PLANNING:

QUALITY CONTROL:

QUALITY CONTROL PROCESSES REQUIRED BY THE

COMPANY:

QUALITY CONTROL OF PURCHASES.

IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING OF QUALITY STANDARDS

ESTABLISHED:

QUALITY CONTROL PLAN:

PRODUCT AND INPUT RELATION: Space to determine the product with

each of the supplies, where the quantity can be entered and the
percentage of waste or loss. Estimated consumption of raw material and
inputs per unit of product or service generated. % of waste of
raw materials and supplies by period (e.g. per month)

SPECIAL TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: For businesses in the sector

agricultural define technical parameters such as: Conversion levels
nutritional, mortality rates, birth rates, morbidity rates,
carga animal, Toneladas por hectárea, densidad de plantas por /h
Differential technical-economic assessment of the process of
mechanical recycling of plastic

The case to study corresponds to a factory of plastic products

which has a monthly production of 100 tons.
the company wishes to expand its production through recycling of
household plastic waste. Therefore, it will be evaluated
economically the production of pellets from these materials.
First of all, it should be considered that the waste comes dirty,
therefore it is necessary to subject them to a process of cleaning, grinding
and washing, for this, conveyor belts and a mill are required.
and washing and drying machines.

The quoted conveyor belt has a production capacity

of 1.5 tons/hr and the washing and drying machines, brand SEIBT of
Brazil, a capacity of 120 kg/hr.

The alternatives to evaluate will be two, which will be differentiated by the

operation volumes of the recovery machine.

PRODUCTION COSTS: Cost of raw materials (defining price per

unit of measurement), current prices, and expected behavior and/or trends,
Cost of inputs (defining price per unit of measurement). Cost of
transport of finished products. $/ per unit of measure. Costs of the
packaging materials. Maintenance cost of machinery and equipment (per
year). Cost of facility maintenance. In cases where it is necessary
establish the cost of spare parts. In cases where required, establish the cost of
leasing of machinery and equipment facilities, or of lots or land.
Direct labor requirement by period (e.g.: per week, per month,
etc.). Cost of direct labor per period during conventional hours. In the
cases where it is necessary to establish whether there is seasonality in the requirement of
labor for the operation of the business. Additional labor costs
direct payment for work that must be carried out during non-working hours
conventional. Cost per period of indirect labor. Estimated cost of
public services for the production component. Estimated costs of
maintenance and spare parts for the productive component of the business.

PURCHASE AND SALE PRICES OF PLASTIC IN THE MARKET

POLYETHYLENE POLYPROPYLENE POLYSTYRENE PRICE

(PE) (PP) (PS, PAI) AVERAGE

US$/KG. {US$/KG.} US$/KG. US$/KG.

PRICE
DE
PURCHASE
0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125
DEL
WASTE
b/

PRICE 0.7 - 0.83 0.72 - 0.9 0.94 - 1.0 0.8483

DE

SALE
DEL
PELLET

Source: Data provided by INDUSAC Ltda.

a/ The indicated prices include 18% Tax on

Value Added Tax (VAT)

This price is tentative, as there is still no market.

established for this type of materials.

INFRAESTRUCTURA: Número de maquinas a adquirir (lista según el tipo de

machinery in business function) and required furniture. Unit cost of
acquisition of each machine. Cost of the tools. ( Set of
tools). Cost of construction and/or remodeling of the
required facilities. Equipment, furniture and requirements
facilities for the administrative and commercial management area.
Determine if they are part of fixed investments or if they are acquired by
leasing system

MODULE: ORGANIZATION

Organizational Strategy

SWOT Analysis Strategies to Maintain, Explore, Correct, Face the

different weaknesses, opportunities, strengths, and threats
The strengths of our business are initially based on the
prices of the supplies and the low costs that they have
manufacturing processes.
The weaknesses lie in the quality of the raw material that
it must be well selected so that the quality of the product
final sea to the consumer's liking and meets the minimums
requirements
What sources allow us to reach those conclusions?
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
What is the business plan going to be for?
Who will prepare it?
What are the deadlines?
What is the starting point?
What are the assumptions?
What are the products or services?
What are the weaknesses that need to be corrected?
How should they be corrected?
What are the factors that can endanger the
project? THREATS
How will they be neutralized or confronted?
What are the opportunities that can favor the
business?
How will it be done to take advantage of them and increase the probability
What are they presenting?
What is known about the demand?
Quiénes son los consumidores? Qué buscan?
How will their needs be met?
How many are the potential consumers?
How many will actually buy?

SUPPORT ORGANISMS Entities both private and official that

They are supporting the process. Evidence this support. Description of the support.
through the business implementation phase, description of the support for the
business operation stage.
The National Government through the Ministry of Environment
The environment facilitated the creation of the Management Plans
Mandatory compliance for all
municipalities, the National Council for Economic and Social Policy
Conpes authorized the nation to contract last March.
from a loan with multilateral banking for twenty million
dollars of which two million six hundred thousand dollars will be
for the cleaning service sector, the Autonomous Corporation
Regional and the government of the department in addition to the
Civil Aeronautics

There are a series of official entities.

interested in the creation and implementation of plans
integrals of solid waste management that sponsor
……………..
From the official point of view, support is available from the
Regional Autonomous Corporations, in this case the C.R.A
of the Atlantic,
The municipalities have the commitment and the duty to do
comply with the regulations regarding the handling and final disposal of
solid waste both residential and large scale and the
cleaning service, for which Law 142 of 1994 is regulated,
Law 632 of 2000 and Law 689 of 2001, in relation to the
provision of public sanitation service, and Decree Law 2811
from 1974 and Law 99 of 1993 related to Management
Solid Waste Integral, will likewise be the Commission of
Regulation of Drinking Water and Basic Sanitation
encargada de vigilar y regular los procesos tendientes a
comply with the regulation.

Chambers of commerce, ANDI, Financing Funds such as

the Emprender fund, SENA, Acopi, are entities that finance
projects with technological innovation of this type.
The private entities that promote the management of the
solid waste, are especially NGOs that care for the
environmental protection, who through
international organizations and international NGOs
they channel resources for this type of projects. The same ones
governments of developed countries finance these projects and
its greatest reception is when they present a component
innovative or new technology.

Regarding companies that produce humus and red worms

Californian, there are companies at the national and international level.
advisors who offer their technologies in designed packages
especially for each case, who in addition to offering the
technology ensures the marketing of products
obtained. We have this type of consulting in Colombia
located in Bogotá, Medellín, Santander, Valle del Cauca,
Cundinamarca.
Internationally in Mexico, Argentina, Spain, Venezuela,
Costa Rica, Chile.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: Management team, lines of authority,

level of participation in the Board of Directors, participation mechanism and
control, organization chart.
The company's organizational chart is shown as follows
way

CREATE FLOWCHART
RECEPCIÓN----CLASIFICACION:
R .INORGANICS:
METALLIC--WAREHOUSE

GLASSES----STORAGE

PLASTICS---RECLASSIFY
R. ORGANICS:
TRITURACIÓN--- ---INTRODUCCIÓN BACTERIAS
FERMENTATION - MOISTENING - INTRODUCTION OF
WORMS—BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS—FINAL PRODUCT---
SELECTION—HUMUS OBTAINING—PROTEIN OBTAINING.
LEGAL ASPECTS

COMPANY CONSTITUTION AND LEGAL ASPECTS: Type of company, status

current legislation; Existing legislation that regulates (advantages and disadvantages) the
economic activity and the commercialization of P/S (urban, environmental,
labor and social protection, records, taxation, intellectual protection and
environmental); Incorporation expenses; Distribution rules or policy of
utilities

ONE NEEDS TO CONSULT THE CONSTITUTION MODEL OF A

SERVICE PROVIDING COMPANY? OR OF
TRANSFORMATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES? I DON'T KNOW WHAT
TYPE OF COMPANY WE ADAPT.
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS

STARTUP EXPENSES: Quantify the expenses for startup purposes

from the company, such as records, certificates, permits, etc.
PERSONNEL EXPENSES: Estimate the salaries and wages of the payroll, thus
like the piece-rate and fee payments that you are going to make. Don't forget
determine the benefit payments, social security, parafiscal contributions, etc.
Indirect labor.
Estimated cost of public services for the component
administrative and commercial management. Estimated costs of office supplies
per period (e.g. per month). Representation and management expenses.
Quantification of the resources that will need to be used to legalize the
company, notary expenses, and for the processing of licenses, permits, etc.

MODULE: FINANCIAL

INVESTMENT AND FINANCING SCHEDULE

CONCEPT VALUE SEMANAS - MESES RESOURCES

CONTRIBUTED BY:

Total

Income

The income obtained from the manufacture and sale of the 147,840.
monthly tons of pellets reach a value of US$ 1,505,011 at
year.

Expenditures

Purchase of raw material:

The quoted model in this case corresponds to a machine.

recovery unit with a monthly production capacity of 280-300
kg/hr, that is to say, it reaches a monthly production of 147.84 tons
and is capable of processing PE, PP, PAI. Therefore, if there is a loss
of 33% in the processing of plastic waste, it is necessary
acquire 196.6 tons monthly and this implies an expense of
US$294,941 a year.

Transportation expense:
The expenditure for transportation of the material amounts to US$1,000.
monthly, that is, US$12,000 per year.

Cleaning and separation salary:

For the manual cleaning process on the conveyor belt,

requires approximately 5 people per shift, that is, 15
people. If each of them receives a salary of US$250
monthly, there is an annual salary expense of US$45,000.

On the other hand, for the operation of the washing and drying machine
3 people are needed per shift, totaling 9 people.
If each of them receives a similar salary, there is an expense of
US$27,000.

Salary for recovery operation:

The operation of the recovery machine requires 3 people per

shift. If each one has a salary of US$375 monthly, it has a
cost per salary of US$40,500 per year.

Administration expense:

The staff needed for the purchasing structure that receives the
raw material, despite the unloading there would be, in this case, six people
who receive a monthly salary of $100,000, meaning the annual expense
rises to US$18,000.

On the other hand, the administration of this place must be in charge of

an accountant with the assistance of a secretary. If the accountant receives
a salary of $300,000 and the secretary of $200,000, the annual expense is
raises to US$15,000.

Expenditure on maintenance and supplies

The monthly maintenance of this machine incurs approximately

at the same costs as the model of Alternative 1, therefore,
The annual cost should be the same, that is, US$4,500 per year.

On the other hand, if 50% of the safety equipment is replaced

from all the staff each year, the maintenance expense amounts to
US$1,800 per year.

Regarding the inputs for the production process, the following are required
5,914 monthly bags, that is, 70,963 annually, therefore, per year
US$ 19,160 would be spent on this concept. In relation to the thread, the
the approximate annual expense would be US$150.
The expenditure on detergent is estimated at $2,000 per year.

Water, electricity, and telephone expenses:

They are estimated at US$500, that is, US$90.00 annually.

SOURCES OF FINANCING
Amount of contributions by entrepreneurs, specifying whether it is about
cash resources or contributions in goods and services, establishing whether the
resources are applied to the implementation stage or to the operation stage
of the business.
If it is planned to incorporate piggy resources into the business, it is required
to have the basic information of the credit: Amount, allocation of the
resources (for fixed investments, for working capital, etc.), term, form
of payment, interest rate, etc.
Rate of return (annual effective) that entrepreneurs aspire to
of the business

Attach files for: Initial and projected balance, P&L, budget of

costos de operación, presupuesto de inversiones, presupuesto de ingresos,
etc. the projection periods (for n years) will depend on the
nature of the business, however, in no case may it be less than
2.

MODULE: PROJECT IMPACT

ECONOMIC, REGIONAL, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. (Generation of
direct employment, national sales and exports, serving the
nature of the business to establish identification of environmental impacts,
required environmental management plan, etc.)
Establish the number of direct jobs generated in the initial phase of
project, and in the maturation phase (consolidation) of the project
Establish coverage indicators regarding the target population well
as customers, both as consumers, and as suppliers of materials
raw materials and supplies.

According to the nature of the project, establish impacts.

environmental, and how the project will implement plans for
mitigation, compensation, or correction, and quantify its cost of
implementation and maintenance
Soledad has 328,108 inhabitants who produce each one
0.88 kilos of trash per day, which indicates that the municipality of
Solitude in 24 hours has a production of 288.74.
tons that attract a large number of birds of prey
putting the airport's air operations at risk
Ernesto Cortissoz, the implementation of the Comprehensive Plan would give
a better organization and disposal of waste in the
municipality. So far, the work done by the
responsible authorities of the case have only limited themselves to changing
the geographical position the problem, without providing a solution
opportune and complete. On July 2, the Ministry of
Environment, Housing, and Territorial Development demanded from the
municipalities of the country, design their respective management plans
Integral of Solid Waste and delivered a series of
recommendations in this regard to the Technical Department
Environmental Administrative (Damab), the Corporation
Regional Autonomous of the Atlantic (CRA), the Triple A and the
representatives of the municipalities of Atlántico, which have
based on decree 1713 of 2002, which aims to improve
the provision of cleaning service and the deadline is the 1st of
September 2004 The project must generate actions
educational at the primary producer level, at the source, for
that it carries out a basic classification when collecting them

in the place where they are produced and then to the people who
they can be in animal-drawn vehicles or
cars with spherical bearings or with ball bearings, for classification
more specifically where the type and the are looked at in detail
quality of the material for its subsequent recycling treatment
Aviation created the National Committee for Civil Aviation Hazard
with the purpose of studying, reducing, preventing, and informing
about the potential danger that birds represent in the
Colombian airfields (H-19-03-04) the initiative has
the support of the Ministry of Transport, to promote a campaign
to educate the population in their disposal habits
solid waste. The Civil Aviation Authority considers the possibility
to heavily sanction the airports involved in the
problem if necessary corrective measures are not taken to prevent
a tragedy with lamentable consequences according to
statements from the Director of Air Operations !!H-06-06-
04.

Supplementary Documents
According to the type of business, add: Export plan;
Research and technological development; Any other that is considered
relevant.

Content: According to each initiative

Exporter Plan that encompasses the Caribbean basin, countries with
poor agriculture

INDICADORES PROPUESTOS: De acuerdo con el tipo de negocio adicionar:

The management indicators deemed appropriate for the
development of the proposed business plan
The application of productivity indices will give us a
a more objective view of the company's performance, as
will allow evaluating, controlling, and analyzing the management developed
in industrial facilities, as an additional tool to the
traditional financial statements will also facilitate us
to know the positioning of the company against others
same sector.
TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY

Establish the relationship between the total production of goods in a

period at dispatch cost over the total cost of the
production

DISPATCH COST

PRODUC. TOTAL = _____________________

COST OF PRODUCTION

This indicator shows how much is recovered for each peso.

invested in the production process. In normal situations
this indicator must be greater than 1; if it is lower,
demonstrates recovering less than what is being invested.

PRODUCTIVITY BY LABOR COSTS

This indicator allows us to obtain the value of production

obtained for each peso invested in labor input

UNITS PRODUCED
PRODUC. LABORAL =__________________________
MAN HOURS QUANTITY

PRODUCTIVITY BY INDIRECT LABOR COSTS

This indicator allows us to obtain the value of production.

for each peso invested in indirect labor input

VALUE OF PRODUCTION
LABORAL PRODUCT IND = ____________________________
INDUSTRIAL LABOR VALUE.
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY MEASURED WITH ADDED VALUE

These two indicators are used when one wishes to

to know the labor productivity in relation to the contribution it makes to the
company to 'global production to the economy

VALUE ADDED
VALOR AGREGADO = ________________________
HOURS / MAN

The above is the relationship with the contribution made each hour of
a worker.

ADDED VALUE
VALOR AGREGADO =_________________________
LABOR VALUE

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY
It is called that the result of comparing the effective production
achieved in number of units with what should have been produced
technical capacity

EFFECTIVE PRODUCTIVITY
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY = _____________________________
TECHNICAL CAPACITY

OUTPUT PER HOUR

This indicator allows us to analyze the units produced with
regarding the time spent on that production

Production Effect by Period

REAL PERFORMANCE / HOUR =__________________________________
HOURS USED IN PERIOD

TOTAL PLANT EFFICIENCY

This indicator integrates the result of a greater or
lower utilization of installed capacity (measured in hours
effective work) and the ability to achieve in each hour of
I work a greater or lesser amount of production

DAILY EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION TIME

TOTAL EFFICIENCY =
_________________________________________
SCHEDULED CAPACITY TIME
TECH
ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY

It is the relationship of energy consumption to value.

total production

VALUE OF PRODUCTION
ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY
_____________________________
ENERGY VALUE
CONSUMED

PRODUCTIVITY PER UNIT OF ENERGY

This indicator signals energy consumption in units per the

resulting production in a specified period

UNITS PRODUCED
PRODUCTIVIDAD ENERGIA =______________________________
UNITS OF ENERGY
CONSUMED

PRODUCTIVITY OCCUPIED SPACE

It shows us the relationship of the production obtained in pesos
for each square meter occupied in the production plant

VALUE OF PRODUCTION
PRODUCTIVIDAD POR AREA =____________________________
AREA (SQUARE METERS)

(Check with the superintendent)

Daily amount: 160 tons.

Results

Using the economic criteria of Net Present Value (NPV) for

a 15% update rate, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and
the Capital Recovery Period (R), the results that are
The results obtained for both alternatives are the following (See Annex 6)

Table 17

RESULTS OF THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE PROCESS

RECYCLING OF HOUSEHOLD PLASTIC WASTE

CRITERIA ALTERNATIVE 1 ALTERNATIVE 2

VPN US$ 285.234 1,072,215

TIR % 71 254

R YEARS 1 1

These values express a high economic profitability for the

recycling process of domestic plastic waste.

It is possible to observe the existence of economies of scale, as the rate

return internally triples in the case where the volume of
pellet production is higher.

The environmental benefit that comes from recycling plastic waste

that day by day are dumped and accumulate in the landfills is not entirely
economically quantifiable. However, it is evident that it
they produce savings in transportation costs and in fee payments
due to the entry of these waste into the disposal sites.

Por otra parte, el beneficio ecológico producto de la menor

land pollution is invaluable if one considers that the
plastic waste deposited on the ground or buried in landfills
Sanitary products last for about 400 years.
V. Sensitivity Analysis

As in the previous cases, glass and paper will be sensitized.

variable cost of raw material and the behavior will be observed
of the Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return. Thus
it will be possible to establish what the maximum price they could reach is
household plastic waste, so that the project remains
profitable.

The following are the results obtained for Alternative 2

(production volume of 148 ton/month). The estimated price
Currently, the raw material is CH$ 50/kg (US$ 0.125/kg)
and the same project will be evaluated in cases where it rises to CH$
100, CH$ 150 and CH$ 190 per kilo (see Annex 7).

Frame 18

ALTERNATIVE 2:
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF RAW MATERIAL COST

MATERIAL PRICE
VPN TIR
FIRST a/

[CH$/KG] US$ [%]

100 1,978,125 170

150 884.035 86

190 8.762 16

It is considered US$1=CH$1=CH$400.

From this chart, it can be observed that the maximum price that the
plastic waste could reach CH$190/kg, that is,
3.8 times its current value. From this moment on, the IRR becomes
lower than the discount rate of 15%, which is the alternative rate of
capital of the investor.

NOTES
1. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, "Management of
plastics wastes in the ECE Region", ECE/CHEM/87, p. 24, New York,
1992.

2. Ibid, p.6.

3. Jorquera, Patricio, "Recycling of Plastics", document presented

in the seminar on Plastic Materials and their Environmental Impact,
University of Chile, IDIEM, Santiago de Chile, May 1992, and
interview with the Operations Manager of INDUSAC, Mrs. Patricia Lillo.

APPENDIX 6: FINANCIAL CASH FLOWS

FOR THE CASE OF PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING

ALTERNATIVE 1

TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE USE OF WASTES FROM

PLASTICS IN THEIR MANUFACTURING PROCESS

FINANCIAL CASH FLOW [IN US$]

PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF 40 TONS/MONTH

INCOME/YEARS
0 1
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
––––––––– –––––––––
– –––––––

Sales
Residual value of machinery 407,200 407

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––– ––––––––– –––––––

CASH RECEIPTS (+)

407,200 407,
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––– ––––––––– –––––––
EXPENSES

Rental of a shed
45,000 45.

Industrial Safety
3,000
Investment in machinery:

1 Mill
3,540

1 Recovery Mod. SE/WR100C

50,185

1 conveyor belt
5,000

3 washing machines
50,000

3 dryers
12,500

1 industrial scale
1,291

Operating Expenses:

Purchase of raw materials

79,800 79,

Transportation expenses
3,600 3

Washed salary and separation

54,000 54

Salary recovery operation

40,500 40

Administration expenses
24,000 24

Water, light, and telephone expenses

45,000 45,

Maintenance and supplies expenses

12,234 12

Depreciation
8,812 8
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––– ––––––––– –––––––

CASH OUTLAYS (-)

125.516 312,946 312,
 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––– ––––––––– –––––––

EARNINGS BEFORE TAXES

(125.516) 94.254 94.

Taxes (15%).
14,138 14

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
––––––––– ––––––––– –––––––

NET PROFIT
80,116 80,

Depreciation
8,812 8

PROJECT FLOW
(125,516) 88,928 88

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
––––––––– ––––––––– –––––––

NET PRESENT VALUE (15%):

285,234

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
––––––––– ––––––––– –––––––

ALTERNATIVE 2

TECHNO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE USE OF WASTE

PLASTICS IN THEIR MANUFACTURING PROCESS

FINANCIAL CASH FLOW [IN US$]

PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF 148 TONS/MONTH

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––

INCOME/YEARS
0 1
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––

Sales
1,505,001
Residual value of machinery

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––

CASH INCOME (+)

1,505,001
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––

EXPENSES

Renting a warehouse
45,000

Industrial Security
3,600

Investment in machinery:

1 Mill
10,620

1 Recuperator Model SE/WR100CD

90,756

1 Conveyor belt
5,000

3 washing machines
150,000

3 dryers
37,500

1 industrial scale
1,291

Operational Expenses:

Purchase of raw materials

294,941

Transportation expenses
12,000

Salaries washing and separation

72,000
Salaries for recovery operation
40,500

Administration expenses
33,000

Water, electricity, and phone expenses

90,000

Maintenance and supplies expenses

27,610

Depreciation
19,627
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––

CASH OUTLAYS (-)

298,767 634,878
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––

PRE-TAX PROFIT
(298, 767) 870,133

Taxes (15%)
130, 520
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––

NET PROFIT
(298,767) 739,613

Depreciation
19,827

PROJECT FLOW
(298,767) 759,440
--------------------------------------------
---- -------------------- -----------------------

NET PRESENT VALUE (15%)

3,072,215
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––
 ANNEX 7: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
FROM THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PLASTIC RECYCLING
REGARDING THE PRICE OF THE RAW MATERIAL

ALTERNATIVE 2

ASSUMPTION: The price of raw materials increases by 2 times

EVALUACION TECNICO-ECONOMICA DEL USO DE DESECHOS DE

PLASTICS IN THEIR MANUFACTURING PROCESS

FINANCIAL CASH FLOW [IN US$]

PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF 148 TONS/MONTH

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

INCOME/YEAR
0 1 2 3
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

1,505,001 1,505,001 1,505,001 1,505

Residual value of machinery

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

CASH INCOME (+)

1,505,001 1,505,001 1,505,001 1,505
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

EXPENSES

Lease of a warehouse
45,000 45,000 45,000 45

Industrial Safety
3,600
Investment in machinery:

10,620

1 Recovery Mod. SE/WR1OOCD

90,756

1 Conveyor belt
5,000

3 washing machines
150,000

3 dryers
37,500

1 industrial scale
1,291

Operational Expenses:

Purchase of raw material

589,882 589,882 589,882 589

Transportation expenses
12,000 12,000 12,000 12

Salaries washing and separation

72,000 72,000 72,000 72

Salaries recovery operation

40,500 40,500 40,500 40

Administration expenses
3