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9 views3 pagesCognitive Functions in Language and Graffiti
The document describes the concepts of figure and ground in cognitive linguistics. The figure is a mobile entity whose spatial or temporal location is variable and must be anchored to the ground, a stationary reference entity. The figure usually corresponds to the subject of the sentence, while the ground corresponds to the object. These concepts allow for understanding spatial, temporal, or causal relationships in simple and compound sentences.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views3 pagesCognitive Functions in Language and Graffiti
The document describes the concepts of figure and ground in cognitive linguistics. The figure is a mobile entity whose spatial or temporal location is variable and must be anchored to the ground, a stationary reference entity. The figure usually corresponds to the subject of the sentence, while the ground corresponds to the object. These concepts allow for understanding spatial, temporal, or causal relationships in simple and compound sentences.
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24.
Drawing and Background
They are functions of human cognition that manifest in languages.
In the field of cognitive linguistics, these concepts have been
developed primarily by Leonard Talmy.
Drawn from Gestalt psychology, according to Talmy (2000), drawing and
Background is two cognitive functions part of a system through which the
languages establish a concept as a point of reference for another. The
the drawing function is fulfilled by a concept that needs anchoring,
while the background is the function performed by the concept that performs it
anchoring. These concepts may be related, among other ways,
spatially, temporally or causally, and are present in all kinds of
sentences.
In a simple sentence, "the drawing is a mobile entity or conceptually "
movable whose path, place or orientation is conceived as a variable.
El fondo es una entidad de referencia que tiene una disposición estacionaria
relative to the framework, regarding which the path, place and
the orientation of the drawing is characterized by.” For example, in The cup is on the
the table or the cup fell off the table, the table acts as the background to which it
anchor the cup. According to Talmy, although it is not mandatory, it is common.
Drawing-Subject correlation, Background-Object.
According to Talmy (2000), drawing and figure have characteristics
defining and associated: the defining characteristic of the figure is that it has
unknown spatial or temporal properties to be determined,
while the defining characteristic of the fund is that it acts as
reference entity that can define the properties of the drawing. Among
the characteristics associated with the concept of drawing are, among others, being more
mobile and small, more relevant and less immediately perceptible; to
on the other hand, some characteristics associated with the concept that works
as a basis, to have a more stable location and to be larger, to have
less relevance and be more noticeable.
Drawing and background can also be identified in compound sentences, by
For example, the bomb exploded after the general pressed the button.
the figure is the event whose location
temporal is variable (the bomb exploded)
while the reference event with
which is characterized by the location
the temporal of the figure works as
background (the general pressed the button)
(Talmy, 2000).
25. Graffiti
which is generally carried out on large surfaces of urban spaces:
walls, gates, walls, etc.
It usually oscillates between more or less abstract illustrations, to messages.
writings and other forms of intervention through painting, generally
in stencil or aerosol.
The term graffiti comes from Italian and in turn from the name given to the
satirical inscriptions in public spaces made during the Empire
Roman, known as graffiti, and which are its most remote antecedent.
This term, however, became enormously popular from its
incorporation into American street culture, as well as to the
more or less countercultural movements of hip-hop and different tribes
urban, that employed this type of form of expression.
However, protest graffiti has been part of the imagery.
politician of contemporary nations for a long time. It is often said
what the media silence, the walls scream, wanting to say that in the face of
the repressive regimes that censor the press, graffiti asserts itself as
means of protest.
In other areas, however, it can be considered a form of
visual pollution, especially the less harmonious and less written
visually elaborated.
Generally, graffiti is done on high or very visible walls.
sometimes as a way of territorial marking or competition for
to conquer the boldest spaces, in anticipation of a possible interruption of the
drawing by the police.
Furthermore, illustrations are not usually very durable, since the
public spaces are repainted.
Urban Art
When we talk about street art, urban art, or street art, we are referring to
the informal techniques of artistic expression that take place on the street of
in a free manner, sometimes even illegally, usually in large cities. It
It is about a type of artistic intervention, of short duration and that does not appear in
the museums.
This type of artistic expression includes both graffiti (famous
as a form of anonymous protest), such as templates or stencils (stencil) and
a varied number of techniques and resources used to illustrate in
walls and other urban surfaces, such as trains, advertisements,
etc.
Street art operates on a thin line between expression
aesthetic, political or social, with vandalism and other forms of intervention
illegal to the public facade of cities. This is because often,
in their eagerness to make their message visible, street artists climb to
elevated surfaces, urban marking signals or advertisements are involved
governmental, they cross the borders of private property and even,
for some, they are responsible for a form of visual pollution.
Types of street art
If we classify street art based on the techniques used,
we will have the following categories:
Graffiti. Graffiti is the traditional 'painting', that is, the drawing or the
clandestine writing on the walls of the city, only that in the case of the
urban art painted is not simply a message of protest, but
which acquires a whole aesthetic meaning: drawings, shapes, messages
encrypted, etc.
Stencil. It works based on a template made of plastic or paper on which
cut out the silhouette of what you want to paint, and then adhere it to the
sanded before painting them with paint. In this way, shapes are achieved.
elaborate and combine the text with the image.
Posters. Printed on paper or other materials and pasted with glue.
on the walls, they remain for a long time and allow for the combination of several
to form figures of significant size.
Sculptures and other interventions. There are other forms of art.
bolder streetwise
objects of the road are intervened
public, telephone booths or
even bills, combining the
sculpture with other graphic arts.