Production Tubing Specifications Guide
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ScribdTranslationsProduction Tubing Specifications Guide
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•Production Tubing
•Functions
•Yield Limit
•Wall Thickness
•Tables
Production piping or tubing
. Allow the pumped fluid to rise through its interior.
. Allows evacuation through the annular space (between casing and tubing) the
gas that is not processed by the pump.
. Allows level measurements with an echometer through space
to annul.
. Facilitates rod fishing operations.
. It allows to deepen or raise the location of the bomb.
Production Pipe or Tubing
Most common diameters: 2 3/8” 2 7/8” 3 ½”
According to the quality of steel: H-40, J-55, N-80, P-105
A J-55 tubing means that the yield strength is 55000 lb/in2
With recoil: API EUE (External Upset End)
Threads
Without repression: NEW API (Non-Upset End)
API: Couplings Integral API IJ (Integral Joint)
UNIONS
Specials: Special designs for the union of various
manufacturers
Unions
YIELD STRENGTH
DEGREE OF MINIMUM YIELD STRENGTH
STEEL
Lbs/plg2 Kg/mm2
H-40 40,000 28.10
J-55 55,000 38.70
N-80 80,000 56.20
P-105 105,000 73.80
Outer diameter 2.3/8" (60.3mm) 2.7/8"(73mm) 3.1/2"(88.9mm)
Weight lb/ft 4.7 # 6.5 # 9.3
Wall thickness 0.190"-(4.83 mm) 0.217" - (5.51mm) 0.254"-(6.45mm)
Inner diameter 1.995"-(50.6mm) 2.441"(62mm) 2.992"(76mm)
Mandrel diameter 1.901" (48.28mm) 2.347"(59.61mm) 2.867"(72.82mm)
Wall area 1.307in² 1.812 sq in 2.590 sq in
Maximum pressure test
7,000 lbs/in² 6.600 lbs/inch² 6,400 lbs/in²
int.
Maximum applicable pressure (int) 7,700 lbs/in² 7.260 lbs/inch² 6.990 lbs/inch²
Collapse pressure 8.100 lbs/inch² 7.680 lbs/inch² 7.400 lbs/in²
Resistance of the union 72,000 lbs 100,000 lbs 142,000 lbs
Optimal torque at the joint 1.290 lbs. ft 1.650 [Link] 2.280 [Link]
Maximum traction 72,000 lbs 100,000 lbs 142.000 lbs
Couples
Outer diameter 3,063(73.9mm) 3,460"(87.9mm) 4,500" (114.3mm)
Length 4.7/8" (123.8mm) 5.1/4" (133.4mm) 5.3/4"(146mm)
External diameter 2.3/8"(60.3mm) 2.7/8"(73mm) 3.1/2" (88.9mm)
Weight lb/ft 4.7 # 6.5 # 9.3 #
Wall thickness 0.190"-(4.83 mm) 0.217"-(5.51mm) 0.254"-(6.45mm)
Inner diameter 1.995"-(50.6mm) 2.441"(62mm) 2.992"(76mm)
Mandrel diameter 1.901" (48.28mm) 2.347"(59.61mm) 2.867"(72.82mm)
Wall area 1.307 in² 1.812 in² 2.590 sq in
Maximum pressure test
10,000 lbs/inch² 9,700 lbs/inch² 9,300 lbs/inch²
int.
Maximum pressure
11,200 lbs/in² 10.570 lbs/inch² 10.160 lbs/in²
applicable(int)
Collapse pressure 11.780 lbs/in² 11.160 lbs/inch² 10.530 lbs/inch²
Resistance of the union 104.000 lbs 145,000 lbs 207,000 lbs
Optimal torque at the joint 1,800 [Link] 2,300 [Link] 3,200 [Link]
Maximum traction 104,000 lbs 145,000 lbs 207.000 lbs
Couples
Outer diameter 3,063 (73.9mm) 3,460"(87.9mm) 4,500" (114.3mm)
Length 4.7/8"(123,8mm) 5.1/4" (133.4mm) 5.3/4"(146mm)
WALL THICKNESS
TUBING GRADE I GRADE II GRADE III
2.3/8 inches 4.85 3.86 3.14
2.7/8 inches 5.51 4.41 3,58
3.5 inches 6.45 5.16 4.19
TUBING REQUEST
Grade I (new material) 100 % wall thickness
Grade II (recovered material) 80 % wall thickness
Grade III (recycled material) 65 % wall thickness
TUBING WEIGHT/Mt ( acc.: 7.86) + PESO/Mt ( fl:1) = WEIGHT/Mt TOTAL
2.3/8 inches 7.00 2.02 9.02
2.7/8 inches 9.68 3.02 12.70
3.1/2 inches 13.85 4.54 18.40
TABLE 1
MAXIMUM FORCE TO RESIST FOR THE 1st. COLUMN PIPE (Kg.)
S-40 J-55 N-80 P-105
Steel Grade
SELECT DEGREE I II III I II III I II III I II III
Tubing Ø 2.3/8" 23.712 19.187 15.893 32.604 26.424 21.889 47.424 38.373 31.787 62.244 50.391 41.741
Tubing Ø 2.7/8" 32.925 26.647 22.056 45.272 36.699 30.376 65.850 53.294 44.111 86.428 69.985 57.926
Tubing Ø 3.1/2" 47.094 38.075 31.405 64.754 52.439 43.251 94.188 76.151 62.809 123.621 100.000 82.479
EXAMPLE: Well: P.X.1
Tubing Depth Data 2.850 m
Installation depth: 2.800 m
of the anchor
Diameter of the tubing :2.7/8
Tension released from :16 Tn
emergency
Pipe weight with fluid = 35.560 Kg
2.800 m * 12,7 Kg/m
Design: We must design a tubing that supports the maximum required stresses including the
emergency anchor release. To this end, we will have a total effort of:
ESF. TOTAL = 16 Tons + 35,560 Tons = 51,560 Tons
We will design the tubing for an approximate effort of 52 tons.
RESISTANCE (Pj) (Tn)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
b (52;00)
1000
2000
a (16: 2800)
3000
2.7/8"
J55 GIII
2.7/8" J55 GII
2.7/8" N80 GIII
2.7/8" J55 GI
DEPTH 2.7/8" N80 GII
(mts.)
2.7/8" N80 GI
RESISTANCE (Pj) (Tn)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
b (52;00)
1000
2000
a (16: 2800)
3000
2.7/8 inches
J55 GIII
2.7/8" J55 GII
2.7/8" N80 GIII
2.7/8" J55 GI
PROFUNDIDAD (Mts.) 2.7/8" N80 GII
2.7/8" N80 GI
A correct selection is:
From 2,850 to 1,700 meters, use tubing. J-55 Grade III
From 1,700 to 1,200 meters, use tubing J-55 Grade II
From 1,200 to 650 meters. Use tubing. J-55 Grade I or
N-80 Grade III
From 650 to well mouth, use tubing N-80 Grade II
ANCLAS FOR TUBING
In the upward race, the weight of the fluid is supported by the bars, and in the
The valve opens downward, transferring the weight of the fluid from the rods.
towards the tubing. The tubing stretches in relation to the weight of the fluid. In the upward run
the mobile valve closes and the weight is transferred to the rods, so the tubing will suffer a
shortening that correlates with the piston stroke which results in a
reduction of the effective stroke of the piston. The important thing for this system is
an efficient anchoring is that it is done with an anchor or with a retainer, this being of
tension fastening system of the tubing.
TYPE OF ANCHORS:
Hydraulics: They are installed by hydraulic pressure from the surface.
a) Compression: This system offers the advantage of being easier to extract from the well.
but the disadvantages are greater, such as increased buckling or spiraling due to compression
from the tubing column, even if it stops the movement of the tubing.
b) Tension: This system is the best for preventing the movement of the tubing, and the one that
has fewer failures; prevents the pipe from buckling, increasing pumping efficiency and
it reduces the wear of all the equipment.
TYPES OF ANCHORS:
c1) Tension anchors by compensation: This anchor automatically settles onto the casing.
in the depth of design when anchoring down during the pumping action, so that
will adjust and fix to the maximum stretch of the tubing in relation to the pressure differential between
tubing and drainpipes.
It must be equipped with a safety system to release in case of emergency.
c2) Simple tension anchors: This type is the most recommended for being the most effective and
more economical than all other types of anchors. It is fixed at the desired depth and then
the calculation tension is applied to the tubing.
c3) Tension anchors with clamp: Operates in the same way as the previous one, but has
a mechanism that grips the tubing in case it breaks preventing it from falling to the bottom. It is used.
in wells with pipe breakage issues, corrosion or deep wells.
Production packers: Some wells require production packers for the
separation between the annular space and the production zone. There are pressure packers or
compression, weight, tension, and weight and tension.
The tension packer and the combo are recommended for the same causes and reasons as the
anchor to tension.
ADVANTAGES OF THE ANCHORED TUBING SYSTEM
a) Loads: The maximum loads on the polished shaft are
considerably minimized with the use of the tubing anchor.
This is primarily caused by the buckling effect or
"buckling" that occurs during the ascent when the
The traveling or mobile valve is closed and the fixed one opens. In this
the piston rod acts as a piston in relation to the pipe, the
the weight of the fluid is supported by the bars and this produces
greater pressure inside than outside the tubing, causing the
I bend when there is insufficient tension in the pipe. This
effect increases the effort and load on pumping bars and
tubing.
b) Piston travel: The differences in load occur
due to the pumping action. During the upward stroke, the weight
the fluid is supported by the rods during the stroke
descendant, the movable valve opens transferring the weight of the
fluid from the bars to the tubing. The tubing elongates in relation to
weight of the fluid, and how the transfer takes place in the run
descending, the movement of the pipe correlates to the
race of the bomb. This results in a remarkable
reduction in the effective run of the pump. Using a system
anchored this problem is avoided, being one of the advantages
main points of the anchor because it does not decrease the effective range
from the pump, greater production is achieved.
c) Minimize friction effects: Preventing wear
tubing and pumping rods produced by the friction between
both. Also avoiding fluid loss, failures in the joints
and fishing.
CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR FORCES AND STRETCHES OF PIPELINES WITH ANCHOR
Force to apply to the pipe when fixing the anchor
For the calculation of the total force (Ft) to be applied to the pipe, one must take into account, in addition to the stretching that it
produce the fluid load, due to the immersion of the pump and the temperature of the fluid.
The submersion of the pump is the difference between the depth at which it is located and the fluid level of the well.
Normally, while the well is not being pumped, the fluid level rises (static level), or in the case of wells
The new fluid level will be located in an area closer to the pump (dynamic level)
Let us remember that any body submerged receives an upward pressure equal to the weight of the
volume of displaced fluid. This means that the weight of the submerged tubing will vary according to the level of
well fluid. Therefore, in order for the pipe to be correctly tensioned, we must take into account
this affection in determining the force to be applied to it.
Regarding the fluid temperature, we know that it increases with the depth of the well. The temperature of the
The fluid on the surface will depend on the pumped flow rate; the greater this is, the greater the proportion will be.
it will transmit the background temperature to the surface. When the well is not being pumped, the installation of
production lowers its temperature tending to the natural thermal gradient of the formations. Then in pumping it
eleva gradualmente su temperatura, o haciendo que la misma se dilate y como consecuencia la tubería
It will have less tension if we do not take this effect into account.
The value of the total force will be then:
FT = F1 + F2 - F3 (expressed in pounds per the weight of the pipe)
The values of F1, F2, and F3 are easily obtained from tables provided by the anchor manufacturer.
[Link] of F1: It depends on the dynamic level (ft) and the depth of the anchor location (ft)
It also depends on the reliability of the 'sonolog' in each particular case (expressing the levels in feet, to pass values)
In meters to feet multiply by * 3.281). If we don't have a level, we take the worst-case scenario (level in the shoe).
The second variable that intervenes in the determination of F1 will be the depth at which the anchor will be set (in feet).
The corresponding table to determine the value of F1 is Table X. Let's assume an example: Tubing 2.7/8”, dynamic level 5500
ft. and anchor depth at 5500 ft.
The use of the table to determine the value of F1 is simple, as one only needs to look for the level on the horizontal axis.
dynamic well in feet, while on the vertical axis is located the depth at which the anchor will be fixed (in feet); then
drawing parallels for those values to both axes at their intersection the corresponding value to F1 is read. In short in the
For a dynamic level of 5500 ft and at the same depth, the value of F1 is = 12480 pounds.
b. Determination of F2: It depends on the temperature
of the fluid from the well in sfcie, and of the annual average of Table XI Value of 'F2'
the ambient temperature in the deposit (ºF). These
temperatures have already been estimated for our Tubing 2.7/8" Tubing 3.1/2"
operation, taking as average temperature of
T (°F) F2 (lbrs.) F2 (lbs.)
surface fluid: 90°F and as temperature
promedio anual del Yacimiento : 50°F
°F = 9/5 °C + 32
The temperature of the fluid in the well at the surface is
10 1880 2680
it is advisable to take it for each particular case, in 20 3750 5360
especially for those wells that produce large
flow rates of fluids (for example, the affected wells
30 5630 8040
the waterflood) remembering that it is expressed in 40 7500 10720
°F.
To choose the value of F2, Table XI is used. The
50 9370 13400
forma de obtener el valor de F2 es restar a la 60 11250 16080
fluid temperature of the well at the surface
average annual ambient temperature, with which
70 13100 18760
we obtain a difference that we will call T. With that 80 15000 21440
We look for the value of T in the table. For our
example T = 40 °F corresponds to a value of F2 = 7500
90 16900 24120
Libras. 100 18800 26800
110 20600 29480
120 22500 32160
130 24400 34840
140 26100 37520
150 28100 40200
160 30000 42880
170 31800 45560
180 33700 48240
190 35600 50920
200 37500 53600
c. Determination of F3: To determine the value of F3, Table XII is used. This value is determined by two variables. The
The first is the static level of the well at the time of anchoring, and the second is the depth of the anchor. In the case of wells
old, this level can be obtained practically in every particular case when extracting pipes the mark can be seen
where the fluid reached. In the cases of newly completed wells to be put into production, the operation of securing the anchor is done with
full well, so we will take the minimum value listed in the table: 250 ft. for the static level. To determine then
the value of F3 must be searched along the horizontal axis for the static water level in the well at the time of setting the anchor (feet), while
that on the vertical axis the depth at which the anchor will be set is also located in feet. Then drawing parallels to both
Axes for the sought values at the intersection of these read the value of F3 in pounds.
Ultimately, in the example it is observed that for a static level of 250 ft. and an anchor depth of 5500 ft., the value of
F3 is = to 90 pounds. If it is a production well whose static level is at 4750 ft. in the table we find the
valor deF3 = 2840 libras.
d. Calculation of the initial force in the tubing 'Ft'
Static level newly completed well (full)
Ft = F1 + F2 – F3
Ft = 12480 + 7500 - 90 = 19890 pounds
Static level well in production (4750 ft.)
Ft = 12480 + 7500 - 2840 = 17140 pounds
2. Calculation of the tubing stretch based on the force to be applied 'Ft'
e=F*L (1)
E* A
e : stretching (inches)
F: applied pulling force (thousands of pounds)
L: Length of the pipe subjected to tension (thousands of feet)
E: Elasticity module of the material
A: Cross-sectional area of the pipe (square inch)
Using usual units, equation (1) becomes:
For tbg. 2.7/8” (6.5 #) e = 0.22 * F * L
For tbg. 3.1/2” (9.3#) e = 0.154 * F * L
E : 30 * 10 to the power of 6 (psi)
For example: p/tbg 2.7/8” (6.5#)
(1) Returning to the previous example tbg. 2.7/8” 6.5 #, we will have:
Ft = 19.890 lbs. (from the previous example)
e = 0.22 * 19.89 * 5.5 = 24 inches.
(2) Ft = 17.740 pounds
e = 0.22 * 17.74 * 5.5 = 20.3/4 in.
Forces and Stretching of Pipes using Baker Catcher Type Anchors
Anchor Depth Tubing 2.7/8" Tubing 3.1/2"
Strength Stretching Strength Stretching
(Pies) (mts.) libras (inches) (pounds) (inches)