Understanding Venn and Euler Diagrams
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Venn and Euler Diagrams
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ScribdTranslationsUniversal set and
empty. Diaphragm of
VENN- EULER
• Díaz Vásquez Ebert Abdías
• Ugarte Rivas Alondra Samantha
UNIVERSE SET
In any application of set theory, the elements of all
sets under consideration
belong to a large fixed set called the universal set.
It is called this the set formed by all the elements of the topic of
reference
Example: U={x/x is an animal}
A={x/x is a mammal}
B={x/x is a reptile}
JOINING
It is called that the set that has no elements. Despite having no elements.
it is considered as a set and is represented in the following way:
Examples: Set of the months of the year that end in a.
Set of odd numbers that are multiples of 2
SET OF THE PARTS OF A
SET
It is called this the set formed by all the possible subsets of a
given set. We observe that its elements are, in turn, sets. It
they represent porp(A).
Example: Given the set: A={a,b,c,d.}
Formemos todos sus subconjuntos: , M={a}, N={b}, P={c}, Q={d}, R={a,c}, T={a,d},
The set of the
parts of A, that is to say
With Venn diagrams, it is possible to represent relationships of
intersection, inclusion and disjunction without changing the relative position of the
sets
Intersection: Given that sets can have common elements, the
regions enclosed by their boundary lines overlap. The set of the
elements that simultaneously belong to two others are the intersection of
both.
A= {1; 2; 3; 4; 6; 12}
B= {1; 3; 5; 15}
U= {1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16}
VENN DIAGRAM
Venn diagrams are diagrams used in theory of
sets, topic of interest in mathematics, logic of
classes and diagrammatic reasoning. These diagrams show
collections (sets) of things (elements) through lines
closed. The outer closed line encompasses all the elements under
consideration, the universal set U.
Venn diagrams of statements
They can be defined by the communications of their elements or by indication
of a common characteristic that uniquely identifies them. Hence, there is
two types of Venn diagrams: those that show elements grouped by
closed lines and those that simply display statements or concepts.
The latter are more interesting because they allow for operation in a way
abstract and reach more general conclusions.
A∨ B = ¬((¬A)∧
not A A∧ B A–B = A∧ (¬B)
(¬B))
Venn diagrams and quantity of
definitions
The following diagrams show the number of regions in which it remains
divided the universal set with one, two, and three definitions.
Diagram of a set. It has only 2 regions: that of the elements.
what respond to the definition And that of those who oppose it.
Diagram of two sets has 4 regions. Consider the following
example: set A is that of biped animals and the
the set of animals that can fly. The area where the
two regions overlap therefore it contains all the animals
which, at the same time, are bipeds and can fly
Euler Diaphragm
It is a diagrammatic way of representing sets and their relations. They are a
modern representation of Euler's circles, which are named after their
creator, Leonhard Euler.
Euler diagrams typically consist of simple closed curves in the plane that
are used to describe sets. The spatial relationships between the curves
(superposition, containment or none) correspond, respectively, to relationships
of intersection, subset, and disjoint, from set theory.
These diagrams are a generalization of the well-known Venn diagram, which
represents all possible intersections between the given present sets.
At the intersection of the interior of a collection of curves with the exterior of the rest of the curves there
it is called zone. Thus, given a set of curves, in Venn diagrams all the zones
they must be present, but not in an Euler diagram, where some areas might not
to be