By:

Name Sundoyo
Nim 2114R0810
Mata Kuliah : Pengantar Teknologi Informasi
Lecturer: Septia Lutfi
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
In this era of globalization, information computerization has rapidly developed. There are
Operating systems that are developing include mobile phones and smartphones. Smartphone as
Nowadays, mobile phone products are more advanced and more in demand by users.
the community because various features can be displayed to meet needs and appeal
specifically for its user community. Types of smartphone operating systems include
Windows mobile, Blackberry, Android, Symbian, iPhone, and so on. Operating system
Android is one of the operating systems that is currently developing.
society. There are advantages to this operating system, including that its operating system can
changed according to our own desires, the number of computer applications that are already available
for Android smartphones to make it easier for us to work.

B. Statement of the Problem

What is Android?
What is the history of Android development?
What are the Types/Genres of Android Versions?
Application
How is the development of Android?
What is the security and privacy of the Android operating system?
What are the licensing and acceptance of the Android operating system?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Android?
What is the comparison between Android Jelly Bean 4.1 and Android Gingerbread 2.3?

C. Objectives

To learn about the Android operating system

To determine the type/version of the Android operating system

To identify the advantages and disadvantages of the Android operating system

To know the features of the Android operating system

D. Benefits

Enhancing knowledge and insight about the Android operating system

Adding knowledge and understanding about the Android operating system version.

Increasing knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of Android

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition of Android
Android is an operating system for mobile phones and tablets that is based on Linux.
Android provides an open platform for developers to create applications.
themselves for use by various mobile devices. Android is an operating system
that is distributed openly (open source) so that users can create applications
Inside it, Android has integrated native Google applications such as push mail.
Gmail, Google Maps, and Google Calendar. Android is a multitasking operating system.
Android has a logo like

The features available on Android are:

Application framework: it allows the use and removal of components that

available.
Dalvik virtual machine: virtual machine optimized for mobile devices for
supportjava
Graphics: 2D graphics and 3D graphics based on the OpenGL library.
Software database SQLite: for data storage.
Mendukung media:audio, video, dan berbagai format gambar (MPEG4, H.264, MP3,
AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF, BMP
 Connectivity includes GSM, Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, 4G, and WiFi (depending on hardware device)
Camera, Global Positioning System (GPS), compass, NFC and accelerometer (depending
hardware devices
Multitasking
Touchscreen
Ease of Notification, Whenever there is an SMS, E-mail, or even the latest article from
RSS Reader, there will always be notifications on the Home Screen of the Android phone.
Indicator LED light that blinks, so you won't miss anything.
SMS, email, or even missed calls.

B. History of Android
Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, in October 2003
by Andy Rubin (founder of Danger), Rich Miner (founder of Wildfire Communications,
Inc.), Nick Sears (former VP T-Mobile), and Chris White (head of design and
development of webtv interface) to develop "smart mobile device
more aware of the location and preferences of its users." The initial goal of development
Android is for developing an advanced operating system that
intended for digital cameras, but then realized that the market for
the device is not large enough, and Android development was then shifted for
smartphone to compete with Symbian and Windows Mobile (Apple iPhone)
not yet released at that time). Although Android developers are experts
experienced technology, Android Inc. Operated quietly, only
It is mentioned that the developers are creating a software.
designated for mobile phones. Still in the same year, Rubin ran out of
money. Steve Perlman, a close friend of Rubin, lent him $10,000 in cash and
refusing the stock offer in the company.
Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005, making it
as a wholly owned subsidiary of Google. The founders of Android Inc.
Like Rubin, Miner and White continued to work at the company after it was acquired by
Google. After that, not much is known about the development of Android Inc.
However, many assumptions state that Google plans to enter
pass the mobile phone with this action. At Google, the team led by Rubin
start developing a mobile device platform using the Linux kernel.
Google markets the platform to mobile device manufacturers and operators.
wireless, with the promise that they provide a flexible and capable system
updated. Google has selected several software company partners and
hardware, as well as signaling to the cellular operator that this collaboration
open to anyone who wants to participate.
Speculation about Google's intentions to enter the mobile communication market continues.
developed until December 2006. BBC and Wall Street Journal reported
 that Google is working hard to include applications and machines
searching for it on mobile devices. Various print and online media report
that Google is developing mobile devices under the Google brand.
Some speculate that Google has set the specifications.
technically, including mobile phone manufacturers and network operators. In the month
In December 2007, InformationWeek reported that Google had filed
several patented applications in the field of mobile phones.

On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) was founded. OHA
is a consortium of technology companies such as Google, manufacturers
mobile devices such as HTC, Sony, and Samsung, wireless operators such as Sprint
Nextel and T-Mobile, as well as chipset manufacturers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments.
OHA itself aims to develop open standards for mobile devices.
At that time, Android was launched as its first product; a device platform.
cellular that uses Linux kernel version 2.6. The first commercial cellular phone
the device that uses the Android operating system is the HTC Dream, which was launched in
October 22, 2008.
Since 2008, Android has gradually made several updates.
to improve the performance of the operating system, to add new features, and
fixing bugs present in the previous version. Each major version released
named alphabetically based on the names of desserts or
gummy snacks; for example, version 1.5 named Cupcake, which was then followed by version
1.6 Donut. The latest version is 4.3 Jelly Bean. In 2010, Google released
seri Nexus; perangkat telepon pintar dan tablet dengan sistem operasi Android yang
produced by partners such as HTC, LG, and Samsung. HTC
collaborating with Google in the release of the first Nexus smartphone.
namely the Nexus One. This series has been updated with newer devices, for example
Nexus 4 smartphone and Nexus 10 tablet produced by LG and Samsung.
On March 13, 2013, Larry Page announced in his blog post that
Andy Rubin has moved from the Android division to work on new projects at
Google. It was replaced by Sundar Pichai, who previously served as the head
the Google Chrome division that develops Chrome OS.

C. Type / version of Android

1. Android Beta
Android Beta is the first version of Android that was released on November 5.
 The 2007 software developer's kit (SDK) for Android was released on 12
November 2007.

2. Android version 1.0 (Astro)

Android was released on September 23, 2008. Actually, the Android version
this will initially be named 'Astro' but due to copyright reasons and
The trademark, the name 'Astro' was not attached to the first version of the OS.
The HTC Dream is the first phone to use this OS.

3. Android version 1.1 (Bender)

On February 9, 2009, Google released Android version 1.1, the second version of Android.
also experiencing the same naming issue as the version
Initially. The first version of this OSAndroid was released for the T-Mobile G1 device.
saja. This version is an update to fix several bugs, replace
This Android version is equipped with several features added from the API.
aesthetic updates to the application, alarm clock, voice search
message delivery with G-mail, and email notification.

4. Android version 1.5 (Cupcake)

In mid-May 2009, Google re-released a mobile phone with
using Android and SDK (Software Development Kit) version 1.5
(Cupcake). The codename cupcake starts with the letter 'C' because
is the third version of Android. Cupcake has several updates
this includes the addition of several features in this mobile version namely
the ability to record and watch videos with camera mode, upload
video from YouTube to Picasa directly from the phone,
A2DP Bluetooth support, the ability to automatically connect to the headset
Bluetooth, screen animation, and a keyboard on the screen that can be customized with
system

5. Android version 1.6 (Donut)

Donut (version 1.6) was released in September featuring the search process.
better than before, battery usage indicator and control
VPN applet. Another feature is the gallery that allows users to
selecting the photo to be deleted; camera, camcorder and gallery that
integrated; CDMA / EVDO, 802.1x, VPN, Gestures, and Text-to-speech
engine; kemampuandialkontak; teknologitext to change speech(tidak tersedia
on all phones; procurement of VWGA resolution.

6. Android version 2.0/2.1 (Eclair)

On December 3, 2009, an Android phone was launched again with version 2.0/2.1.
(Eclair), the changes made are hardware optimization, improvement
 Google Maps 3.1.2, changes UI with a new browser and HTML5 support,
new contact list, flash support for 3.2MP camera, digital zoom, and
Bluetooth 2.1.

To move quickly in the competition of the next generation devices, Google

investing by holding a competition for the best mobile application (killer
apps - top applications). This competition has a prize of $25,000 for each
selected application developers. The competition is held in two phases, each of which
Fifty of the best applications were selected.

With the increasing development and the growing number of handsets

Android, more and more third parties are interested in distributing applications
they to the Android operating system. Famous applications that have been converted into
The Android operating system includes Shazam, Backgrounds, and WeatherBug. System
Android operations on the Internet site are also considered important for creating
originalAndroidapplications, for example byMySpaceandFacebook.

7. Android version 2.2 (Froyo: Frozen Yoghurt)

On May 20, 2010, Android version 2.2 (Froyo) was launched. The changes
generally, compared to previous versions, including support for Adobe
Flash 10.1, performance speed and applications 2 to 5 times faster, integration
The V8 JavaScript engine used by Google Chrome that speeds up
rendering ability in the browser, application installation on SD Card,
portable WiFi Hotspot capability, and automatic update capability in the application
Android Market.
Android version 2.3 (Gingerbread)
On December 6, 2010, Android version 2.3 (Gingerbread) was launched. Changes-
the general changes obtained from this version of Android include improvements
gaming capabilities, function improvement copy paste, inter screen
the user interface has been redesigned, support for video formats VP8 and WebM,
new audio effects (reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost)
support for Near Field Communication (NFC) capabilities, and support for the number
more than one camera.

9. Android version 3.0/3.1 (Honeycomb)

 Android Honeycomb is specifically designed for tablets. This version of Android supports
a larger screen size. The user interface on Honeycomb is also different.
because it has been designed for tablets. Honeycomb also supports multi-processors
and also hardware acceleration for graphics. The first tablet that
made by running Honeycomb is the Motorola Xoom. The tablet device
the Android 3.0 platform will soon be available in Indonesia. The device
named Eee Pad Transformer produced by Asus. Plan to enter
Indonesia in May 2011.

10. Android version 4.0 (ICS: Ice Cream Sandwich)

Announced on October 19, 2011, bringing Honeycomb features for
smartphone by adding new features including unlocking with
facial recognition, usage monitoring and control data networks, integrated
social network contact, photography accessories, searching for email
offline, and sharing information using NFC.

Some vendors have released the Android version ICS, usually HH

The supported Android is HH with a CPU of 1GHz and above, and the latest release.
which is no more than 1 year, but several developers have developed
so that ICS can be used by HH who do not receive updates from the official
vendor.

11. Android version 4.1 (Jelly Bean)

Android Jelly Bean was launched at the Google I/O event bringing
a number of advantages and new features. New additions include enhancing
input keyboard, new design of search feature, new UI and search through
Voice Search is faster.

Google Now has also been updated.

providing the right information at the right time. One of
its ability is to be able to know weather information, traffic, or
results of the sports match. OSAndroid Jelly Bean 4.1 first appeared
in the Asus tablet product, namely Google Nexus 7.

12. Android version 5.0 (Key Lime Pie)

Android Key Lime Pie is a project from Google after launching the version
previously was Jelly Bean. Google is likely to release Key Lime Pie
the fastest in 2013 later. This release schedule is somewhat slower compared to
previously.

D. Application
 Android allows its users to install third-party applications.
good obtained from application stores such as Google Play, Amazon Appstore, or
by downloading and installing the APK file from third-party sites. On Google Play,
users can explore, download, and update published applications
by Google and third-party developers, in accordance with compatibility requirements
Google Play will filter the list of available applications based on
its compatibility with user devices, and developers can limit
their application for a specific operator or country for reasons
business. The purchase of an application that does not meet the user's desires can
returned within 15 minutes after the download. Some mobile operators
also offers direct billing for app purchases on Google Play with
how to add the application purchase price to the user's monthly bill. On
In September 2012, there were more than 675,000 applications available for Android, and
The estimated number of applications downloaded from the Play Store is 25 billion.
Android applications are developed in Java language using
Android Software Development Kit (SDK).
This SDK consists of a set of development tools, including
debugger, software library, QEMU-based handset emulator,
documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Officially supported by the environment
integrated development environment (IDE) Eclipse, which uses the Android Development plugin
Development Tools (ADT). Other available development tools include Native
Development Kit for applications or extensions in C or C++, Google App Inventor,
visual environment for beginner programmers, and various web application frameworks
cross-platform mobile

E. Development of Android
Android was developed privately by Google until the latest changes.
and the update is ready to be released, and information regarding the source code is also starting
revealed to the public. This source code will only run without modification on
certain devices, usually in the Nexus series.
There is a specific binary provided by the manufacturer so that Android can
operating. The green Android logo was designed by graphic designer Irina Blok.

1. Linux
Android consists of a kernel based on Linux kernel version 3.x (version 2.6 on
Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich and its predecessor). The middle device, the library
software, and the API is written in C, and the application software runs
on the framework application work, including compatible Java libraries
based on Apache Harmony. Android using a machine virtual
Dalvik with just-in-time compilation to run Dalvik 'dex-code' (Dalvik
Executable), usually translated from Java bytecode. Main hardware platform
on Android is the ARM architecture. There is also support for x86 from
The Android-x86 project and Google TV use a special x86 version of Android. In the year
In 2013, Freescale announced the involvement of Android in its [Link] processors.
namely the i.MX5X and i.MX6X series. In 2012, Intel processors also began to emerge in
the main platform Android, for example on mobile phones.
The Linux kernel architecture on Android has been modified by Google, unlike
the usual Linux kernel development cycle. By default, Android does not have X
Original Window System or complete support from the standard GNU library.
As a result, it is difficult to port libraries or applications from Linux to
Android. Support for simple C and SDL applications can be done by
injecting shim Java and using JNI, for example in the port of Jagged Alliance
2 for Android.
One of the features that Google is trying to contribute to the Linux kernel is
a power management feature called 'wakelocks', however this feature was rejected by
the main kernel developers because they feel that Google does not show
his intention to develop his own code. In April 2010, Google
announcing that they will hire two employees to develop
the Linux kernel community. However, Greg Kroah-Hartman, the maintainer of the Linux kernel version
stable, stated in December 2010; he was worried that Google was no longer
trying to change the main Linux code. Some Android developers in
Google indicates that the 'Android team has started to feel fatigued with this process.'
because they are just a small team and are forced to do work that
urgently for the sustainability of Android.
In August 2011, Linus Torvalds stated: "finally Android and Linux
will return to the common kernel, but perhaps only for four or five years
"going forward". In December 2011, Greg Kroah-Hartman announced the start of
Android Mainlining Project, which aims to restore some drivers,
patches, and Android features on the Linux kernel, which began with Linux 3.3. After
Previous attempts failed, Linux has finally included wakelocks and autosleep features.
in kernel 3.5. The interface remains the same, but the implementation of the new Linux
has two different suspend modes: suspend to storage (traditional suspend that
used by Android), and to the disk (hibernation, similar to the features that exist on
desktop). The inclusion of this new feature will be completed in Kernel 3.8, Google has
open a public code repository that contains their experimental works for
redesigning Android with Kernel 3.8.
Flash storage on Android devices is divided into several
/system partition for the operating system, and /data for application installation.
and user data. Unlike the distribution of desktop Linux, device owners
Android does not provide root access to the operating system, and sensitive partitions such as
 /system is read-only. However, root access can be obtained by
exploiting security vulnerabilities on Android, this method is often used
by the open source community to improve the performance of their devices, however
can also be exploited by irresponsible parties to
spreading viruses and destructive devices.
Regarding the issue of whether Android can be classified as a distribution
Linux is still widely debated. The Linux Foundation and Chris Di Bona, the head
Google open source supports this. Meanwhile, others, such as technicians
Google Patrick Brady, opposed to it, he argued that Android is less supported
most of the GNU tools, including glibc.

2. Memory Management
Because Android devices are generally powered by batteries, Android is designed to
managing memory (RAM) to maintain minimal power consumption, unlike
desktop operating system that can connect to an unlimited power source.
When an Android application is no longer used, the system will automatically
suspend it in memory - technically the application is still
"open", but with a suspension, the application will not consume resources.
power (for example battery power or processing power), and will be "silent" in the background
until the application is used again. This method has dual benefits, not
only improves the response of Android devices because the applications do not need to be closed and
can be reopened from the beginning at any time, but also ensuring that the application that
running in the background does not waste power unnecessarily.
Android manages applications stored in memory automatically: when
weak memory, the system will deactivate inactive applications and processes to
for the time being, the application will be disabled in reverse order, starting from the
last used. This process is not visible to the user, so the user does not need to
managing memory or disabling applications manually. However, confusion
user on memory management on Android has led to the emergence of
some popular third-party task killer applications on Google Play.

3. Android Update
Google provides major updates for the Android version, with a time frame
every six to nine months. Most devices are capable of receiving
over-the-air (OTA) update. The latest major update is Android 4.3 Jelly
Bean. Compared to its main rival mobile operating system, iOS,
Android updates are usually received more slowly by its user devices.
For devices other than Nexus brand, updates are usually only available in
months after the official release. This is due to the many
various Android hardware, so each update must be adapted accordingly
special for example: code source official Google only walk on
 Nexus devices. Porting Android to specific hardware carried out by
mobile phone manufacturers require time and processes, these manufacturers generally
prioritizing their latest devices to receive updates, and
discarding old devices. Therefore, old smartphones often
not updated if the producer decides that it is just a waste of time,
even though the device is actually capable of receiving updates. This issue
worsened when producers customized Android with the interface and applications
their creation, which must be reapplied for each latest release.
Other delays can also be caused by wireless operators; after receiving
Updates from the phone manufacturer, the operator will adjust it to the needs.
they, for example, conduct extensive testing on the network before sending
update to users.
The lack of after-sales support from mobile phone manufacturers and operators has
caused criticism from consumers and technology media. Some critics
stating that the industry has a financial motive not to upgrade
their devices, such as the lack of updates for old devices and
updating new devices with the aim of increasing sales, the attitude that
they call it 'insulting'. The Guardian reported that the update method that
the problem occurs because mobile producers and operators are the ones who have designed it that way
In 2011, Google, in collaboration with several industry companies,
forming the 'Android Update Alliance', with a promise that they will provide
timely updates for each device within 18 months after
the release of the official version. Since its establishment until 2013, this alliance has never been referred to
say it again.

4. Open Android Community

Android has an active community of developers and enthusiasts that
using Android source code to develop and distribute
their custom modified version of Android. This developer community often
providing updates and new features for devices faster if
compared to producers/operators, although the updates are not
undergo extensive testing or lack quality assurance. They strive
to continue providing support for old devices that are no longer
receive official updates, or modify Android devices to make them capable
walking with another operating system, such as HP touchpad. Community
this often releases updates for pre-rooted devices, and contains modifications that
not suitable for non-technical users.
Cyanogenmod is the most widely used community firmware.
used, and serves as the basis for several other firmware. Historically, manufacturers
device and operator cellular usually no supporting
 development of firmware by third parties. Manufacturers are concerned that there will be emergence

functions that do not work properly if the device uses unofficial software,
which will lead to additional costs. In addition, modified firmware
like CyanogenMod sometimes offers features that force the operator to
incurring premium costs, for example tethering.
As a result, technical constraints such as a locked bootloader and limited access
untukrootumumnya bisa ditemui di kebanyakan perangkat Android. Namun, perangkat
community-developed software is becoming increasingly popular, and after the Congress
American librarians allow 'jailbreaking' of mobile devices, manufacturers
Mobile phones and operators are starting to soften their stance towards third-party developers.
third. Several phone manufacturers, including HTC, Motorola, Samsung, and Sony, began
providing support and encouraging the development of third-party software.
As the result, constraints of limitations device keras for
Installing unofficial firmware has gradually decreased after an increase.
the number of devices that have the ability to unlock the bootloader is the same as
Nexus smartphones, although users must lose their device warranty if
do it. Will but, even though mobile phone manufacturers have agreed
third-party software development, several cellular operators in America
The union still requires its users' phones to be "locked".
The ability to unlock and hack systems on smartphones and tablets
continues to be a source of debate among developer communities and the industry;
the community argues that unofficial development occurred because the industry failed
providing timely updates for users, or to remain
continuing support for the latest version for their devices.

F. Security and Privacy of Android

Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area that does not have
access to the system, except for access permissions explicitly granted by the user
when installing the application. Before installing the application, the Play Store will display
all necessary permissions, for example: a game needs to enable vibration
or storing data on the SD Card, but no permission is needed to read SMS or
access the phone book. After reviewing the permission, the user can choose
to accept or reject it, and can install applications only if they
I believe it.
Sandboxing and permissions on Android can reduce impact.
vulnerability to bugs in the application, but the ignorance of the developers and
limited documentation has resulted in an application that routinely requests permission
that are unnecessary, thus reducing their effectiveness. Some security companies
device lunar like Avast, Lookout Mobile Security, AVG
Technologies, Dan McAfee, has released their antivirus software for
 Android device. This software actually does not work effectively.
karenasandbox also works on the application, thus limiting
its ability to scan the system more deeply.
Research results from the security company Trend Micro indicate that
Premium service abuse is the most destructive type of malware.
general that attacks Android; text messages will be sent from the phone that has
infected to premium phone numbers without consent or knowledge
users. Other malicious devices will display unwanted advertisements.
on the device, or sending personal information to third parties that do not
Authority. Security threats on Android have reportedly grown exponentially,
However, technicians at Google stated that the device has a destructive and virus threat.
on Android is only exaggerated by antivirus companies for reasons
commercial, and accused the antivirus industry of exploiting the situation to sell
its products to users. Google emphasizes that the existence of the device
Dangerous malware on Android is actually very rare, and surveys conducted
by F-Secure shows that only 0.5% of Android devices are malicious.
originating from Google Play.
Google recently used a Google damage device scanner.
Bouncer to monitor and scan applications on Google Play. This action is intended
to mark suspicious applications and warn users about them
potential issues with the application before they download it. Android version 4.2 Jelly
Established in 2012 with enhanced security features, including
damage device scanner included in the system; this scanner not only
checking installed applications from Google Play, but can also scan applications
downloaded from third-party sites. The system will issue a warning that
memberitahukan pengguna ketika aplikasi mencoba mengirim pesan teks premium, dan
block the message, unless the user permits it.
Android smartphones have the capability to report location points.
Wi-Fi access, especially if users are traveling, to create a database.
which contains the physical locations of hundreds of millions of access points. This database forms
an electronic map that can position the location of a smartphone. This allows
users to run applications like Foursquare, Google Latitude, Facebook
Places, dan untuk mengirimkan iklan berbasis lokasi. Beberapa perangkat lunak
third-party monitors can also detect when personal information is sent from the application
to remote servers. The open-source nature of Android allows security contractors
to adjust the device for very secure use. For example,
Samsung collaborates with General Dynamics through the 'Knox' Open Kernel project.
Labs.

G. Android License and Acceptance

 The source code for Android is available under a software source license.
open and free. Google publishes most of its code (including network code)
and telephone) under the Apache License version 2.0. The rest, changes to the Linux kernel are in
under the GNU General Public License version 2. The Open Handset Alliance develops
changes in the Linux kernel with open source code published at any time.
The rest, Android is developed privately by Google, with source code
published for the public when a new version is released. Usually Google
collaborate with hardware manufacturers to develop a
"flagship" devices (such as the Google Nexus series) accompanied by a new version
Android then publishes its source code after the device is released.
In early 2011, Google chose to temporarily withhold the source code.
Android for tablets released with version 3.0 Honeycomb. According to Andy
Rubin in an official Android blog post, the reason being that Honeycomb was released.
to run on the Motorola Xoom product, and Google does not want third parties
worsening the user experience
Android intended for tablets on smartphones. The source code is
finally published in November 2011 with the release of Android 4.0 Ice
Cream Sandwich.
Although it is open, device manufacturers cannot use the brand.
Google's Android trade is arbitrary, unless Google states that the device
that corresponds to their Compatibility Definition Document (CDD). Device
must also comply with the licensing requirements of Google's closed-source application.
including Google Play. Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation have criticized
regarding the complexity of the Android brand issue, and recommending a system
operation alternative like Replicant. They opine that the trigger
The devices and hardware required to operate Android are
exclusive, and Google Play also offers paid software.
Android was warmly welcomed when it was launched in 2007. Although
to analyze the impression of a renowned technology company that partners with
Google to form the Open Handset Alliance, it is still questionable whether the
mobile phone manufacturers will be willing to replace their operating systems with Android. The idea
regarding open source and Linux-based development platforms has attracted
interest for technology experts, but there are also concerns about intense competition
which Android will face established players in the smartphone market
like Nokia and Microsoft.
Android is quickly growing to become the most popular smartphone operating system.
widely used, and becoming 'one of the fastest mobile operating systems ever
"The reviewers praised the open source nature of Android as one of its strengths".
which determines its success, enables companies like
 Amazon (Kindle Fire), Barnes & Noble (Nook), Ouya, Baidu, and others, for
crowding to release software and hardware that can
operating on Android version. As a result, the technology site Ars Technica referred to Android
as the "standard operating system to launch new hardware" for
companies without having to own their own mobile platform. The open nature of Android
and flexibility is also enjoyed by users: Android allows its users
to extensively customize the device, and the application is also available for free
in non-Google app stores and on third-party websites. This factor becomes one of
the advantages of Android phones compared to other phones.
Although Android is very popular, with a device activation rate three times
higher than ios, there are reports stating that Google has not been able to
maximize the use of their products, and web services ultimately
turning Android into a money maker, as predicted by experts
previous analysis. The Verge argues that Google has lost control
for Android because of the extensive customization that can be done by developers
and users, also due to the high proliferation of non-Google applications and services -
for example, Amazon Kindle Fire directs users to visit the Amazon app
store, which competes directly with Google Play. SVP of Google, Andy Rubin, who
His position as head of the Android division was replaced in March 2013, blamed.
due to failure in building healthy partnerships with mobile phone manufacturers.
The main leader of Android products in the global market is Samsung; one of
the product, Galaxy, has played an important role in the introduction of the Android brand since the year

2011. Meanwhile, other Android phone manufacturers such as LG, HTC, and Motorola
Google's mobility has struggled hard to market its products since the year
2011. Ironically, at a time when Google is not getting anything from the sales of products
Android directly, Microsoft and Apple succeeded in winning the lawsuit.
from the patent royalty payments by Android device manufacturers.

Android Tablet
Although successful on smartphones, the adoption of Android for computers
The tablet initially ran slowly. One of the main reasons was the presence of situations
known as 'chicken or egg', where consumers hesitate to buy
tablet Android due to the lack of high-quality tablet applications, on the other hand, the
developers are also reluctant to spend their time and resources
to develop tablet applications until a significant market becomes available for
the product. The content and the application's 'ecosystem' prove to be more important if
compared to the hardware specifications after the start of tablet sales.
Due to the lack of applications for tablets in 2011, Android tablets were initially forced
must install the application intended for smartphones, so the size
the screen is not compatible with the large tablet screen. In addition, the slow growth
 Android tablets are also caused by the dominance of Apple's iPad, which has many
iOS application compatible with tablets.
The growth of Android tablet applications is gradually starting to increase, however, in
at the same time, a large number of tablets using other operating systems
like a phone touchpad and blackberry playbook too launched in the market for
taking advantage of the success of the iPad. Infoworld called this business 'business'
Frankenphone; a short-term low-investment opportunity that imposes
optimized use of the Android smartphone OS (before Android
3.0 Honeycomb for tablets released) on devices with the interface ignored
users. This approach has failed to gain market traction with consumers and
worsen the reputation of Android tablets. Moreover, some Android tablets
like the Motorola Xoom is priced the same as, or more expensive than the iPad,
which is increasingly worsening sales. The exception is the Amazon Kindle Fire, which
sold at a lower price and the ability to access content and
Amazon application ecosystem.
This began to change in 2012 with the release of the Nexus 7, and the presence of
encouragement from Google to developers to create tablet applications
the better one. The Android tablet market has finally managed to surpass the iPad in
mid 2012.
2. Market Share and Adoption Rate
Canalys research firm estimates that in the second quarter of 2009,
Android has a smartphone sales share of 2.8% worldwide. In
In the fourth quarter of 2010, this figure jumped to 33%, becoming a phone platform.
the best-selling paint in the world. By the third quarter of 2011, Gartner estimated more than
half (52.5%) of the global smartphone market is dominated by Android. According to IDC, in
In the third quarter of 2012, Android dominated 75% of the global smartphone market.
In July 2011, Google revealed that there were 550,000
new Android devices activated every day, increased from 400,000 per day
in May, and in total, more than 100 million Android devices have been activated
around the world, with a growth of 4.4% per week. In September 2012,
500 million Android devices have been activated, with 1.3 million activations per day. In May
In 2013, at Google I/O, Sundar Pichai announced that the total number of Android devices that
has been activated in the amount of 900 million.
The Android market share varies by location. In July 2012, the share
The Android market share in the United States is 52%, and it increases to 90%.
in China. During the third quarter of 2012, the market share of Android smartphones across
the world is 75%, with a total of 750 million activated devices and 1.5
million activations per day.
 In March 2013, the share of Android in the global smartphone market was leading
by Samsung products, which is 64%. Market research company, Kantar,
reporting that Google's platform contributes more than 70% of the total
sales of smartphones in the PRC during this period. Still in this period
the same, the level of loyalty towards the use of Samsung products in the UK (59%)
is the second highest after Apple (79%).

H. Kelebihan dan kekurangan android

The advantages of Android include:

Androidis open source because it is based on Linux. Therefore, many developers

who wants to develop Android.
It is a realization of Cloud Computing, because all Google features are already
integrated with mobile installed with Android. Contacts on mobile phone
The pun will be saved automatically to the Google account.
With the availability of the Android Market, the way to get Android is also
quite easy.
Flexible, because it can be used on many hardware platforms.
Android provides the option to choose the hardware being used.
Android can run multiple applications at the same time or
also known as multitasking.
Informative Home Screen, the concept of the home screen on Android like Windows
Mobile where all notifications can be monitored from the home screen. However
Android also provides a space for other notification widgets to
located on the home screen. This method makes it easier to access quick info compared to
home screen of BlackBerry or iPhone.
Free to modify the system, Android allows you to do so.
jailbreaking to modify the system. In addition, you can also do
modification on the system ROM. There are several communications on the internet that become
a platform that provides custom ROMs for Android devices.
Easy settings, the Android system was indeed launched for a reason.
The convenience. The settings of this OS-based mobile phone for daily use
can be done easily according to personal desires and activities.
Relatively cheap price.
Stable and not easily error-prone or hung.
 The disadvantages of Android include:
Not comfortable for a phone call.
Still confusing when first used.
There is no Microsoft Office.
Must be connected to the internet.
There aren't many applications available.
. Battery drain, yes indeed Android consumes more battery compared to other OS.
this is because there are many "processes" in the background that cause
battery drains quickly.

I. Comparison between Android Jelly Bean 4.1 and Android

Gingerbread 2.3
Android Jelly Bean 4.1 Android Gingerbread 2.3

Internet access performance is faster and Internet access is possible, but still
the browser display is more elegant simple and its appearance is still
simple
Kecepatan prosesorAndroid Jelly Bean Sedangkan Android Gingerbread
that is 1 GHz only 800 MHz
Support Bluetooth V4.0 with A2DP Support Bluetooth V3.0 with A2DP
Supports WMV, MP4 video formats, Only supports 3GP video format
and 3GP. and MP4.
There is a rain effect There is no effect of rain
On Android Jelly Bean in the browser, it was not yet available on Android Gingerbread.
there is a Barrel roll feature that can and the browser display is still simple
rolling a site like a wheel
J. Implementation of Android OS for Education
The implementation of Android for education here means, what are the uses of the OS?
Android for education. There are many applications that support education that
presented by Android, among others:
Memory Trainer
A 'Gold Gym for memory muscles.' This application claims to help
improving memory through regular mental exercise. This application specifically targets memory
spatial, responsible for recording information about the environment.
Capital Quiz
Test knowledge about countries in the world, as well as their capitals, flags, and currencies.
money. Challenge friends and opponents online in trivia games.
Fact Book
 This application is basically a mobile atlas rolled into
encyclopedia. Yeah, maybe not enough. But it will allow you to
obtaining data about each country such as population, military spending,
and the use of mobile phones. Categories include geography, population, government,
transportation, and military. You can also generate diagrams and graphs from
information, and can compare countries by category.
Google Sky Map
When you look at the sky, it feels like what you're looking for in one of the photos.
Eye Magic where if you stare at a place long enough, the image should
coming together? This application can help you identify what
You see. Point your phone at the sky, and this app will highlight the constellations.
drawing a clear picture out of the pile of stars. This will also
identifying planets and other celestial bodies. If you are looking for something that
specifically, you can also do a search.
Formulas Lite
This application gathers together some of the most important formulas and
commonly used for mathematics, physics, and chemistry. It also includes scientific calculators.
and a basic translator. Do not expect to be able to graduate alone as a physicist
quantum with the help of this application, but may help you through some
in-depth study session.
Plink Art
In the same way that Google Sky Map helps you identify
stars, Plink Art helps you identify works of art. Taking
a picture of what you see, and Plink will match it with the database
and provide identifying details. You can also browse the art by
era, art movement, or gallery, or just press "shuffle" for the unexpected - works -
although it may not be known. This application is great for brushing up to
in your historical knowledge art or to find new favorites!
Wattpad
More than 100,000 novels, short stories, poetry collections, and more available for download.
in this application, consisting of content that is entirely user-submitted.
Sixty Four
You can learn to read level 1 and 2 Braille in this app. Clearly, you
cannot learn to read it by touch (because the phone screen will not
raised), but you can learn to read it by looking - which
means that this application is better intended for academics and those who
hoping to train as support personnel.
Document Scanner
If you need documents in an emergency, or you just do not
feels like taking it to have it scanned or faxed, you can
 use this application to do it on your phone. You can
scanning a number of pages and converting them into a single file. Pdf.
USA Quiz
Test your knowledge about capitals, flags, nicknames, cities, and more.
many U.S. states. Choose from four different levels of difficulty
when you challenge an opponent in a fun trivia game.
Deluxe Moon
This application allows you to learn more about the moon and
its impact on your daily activities. Features include names and images of
moon phase, zodiac sign during the moon phase, information about, moonrise lunar cycle and
moonset time, and much more.
Kids Numbers and Math
Preschool children can receive assistance in learning their numbers and
developing basic math skills with the help of applications
This. Addition, subtraction, and learning numbers are the main features, but there are also
optional advanced training. Language options include English, Chinese, Japanese, French, German.
Spain, Italy, and Russia.

Chapter III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion

Android has ease of use, and is regarded as an operating system that

must work steadily, quickly and strongly for all applications. Can be said Android
It is the operating system for people who love tinkering with their phones because of Google.
The Android App Market allows you to download various applications for free. Android also
is one of the operating systems that is rich in benefits in Indonesia. However, the community in
Indonesia is not yet very aware of the benefits of Android for daily life.
Therefore, let's use the Android operating system so that many people can benefit from it.
in daily life. Of course, this makes it a choice for you who wants
computing convenience in one hand, imagine if you could use your phone
with the capabilities of a PC. In addition, the Android operating system is also a system
Linux-based operation. The Android operating system is considered very interesting because in Android
There are many interesting animations and applications that are fun and also some for education.
This is very good for young children who like Android gadgets and are then directed to
learning while playing through the applications offered by Android
C. Saran

I recommend that you use the Android operating system, because the operating system
Android is a people-friendly operating system with easy settings. Android can also
developed themselves by creating their own applications for use by
various mobile devices.

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