PROBLEM 8

Limit cover

April 27, 2024

HEAT TRANSFER
Ari García Aguirre and Daniela Natalia Luna Casillas
The flow of oil in a bearing can be considered as parallel flow between two
large isothermal plates, with one moving at a constant speed of 12 m/s and the
another stationary one. Consider a flow of that type with a uniform spacing of 0.7 mm
between the plates. The temperatures of the upper and lower plates are 40°C and 15°C,
respectively.

Through the simplification and solution of the continuity equations, of the amount of
motion and energy, determine a) the distributions of the velocities and the
temperature in the oil, b) the maximum temperature and where it is held, and c) the heat flow of the
oil towards each plate.

Assumptions:
There are stationary operating conditions.
Oil is an incompressible substance with constant properties.
The forces of the body, like gravity, are negligible.
The variation of pressure in the direction perpendicular to the surface is negligible.
that is to say =0
The plates are large, so there is no variation in the z direction.

Property Value
k 0.145 W/mK
μ 0.605 Ns/m 2
Tabla 1. Propiedades del aceite a 27.5°C (Tabla A-13 del Cengel)
a)

The direction of the flow is taken as the x direction and the perpendicular as the y.
It is about a parallel flow between two plates, therefore, v=0. So, the equation of
continuity (mass balance) reduces to:

+ =0→ = 0 … (1)
= (…
)( 2)
The x component of the velocity (u) does not change in the direction of the flow, that is.
The speed field is fully developed.

Since u = u(y), v = 0 and = 0the equation of momentum in the x direction

is reduced to:
2
( + )= −
2
... ( 3)
2

2
= 0 …4( )

Equation 4, we identify it as a second-order ordinary differential equation.

and when we integrate it twice we have to:

( )= 1 + 2… ( 5)

Where C1 and C2 are the constants of integration. The fluid velocities in the
The surface areas of the plates must be equal to those of the plates themselves, due to the condition
of no slipping. Therefore, the boundary conditions are:

u ( 0=
) 0
( )=

By applying these boundary conditions, we obtain that the velocity distribution is:

( )= …( 6)

The existence of frictional heating is present, due to viscous dissipation, this

It is significant due to the high viscosity of the oil and the high speed of the plate.
When the shear efforts are viscous, they are not negligible, and the equation becomes
in the following way:
2 2
=( + )= ( 2
+ 2
) + ∅ …( 7)

Where the viscous dissipation function is defined as:

2 2 2 2
2
∅= {( + ) + 2 [( +) ( ])− ( + ) } … 8 ( )
3 a

The first term on the right side of the previous equation originates from the efforts.
viscous shears, and the remaining terms arise from the viscous normal stresses.
Collectively, the terms explain the rate at which kinetic energy is converted.
irreversibly to thermal energy due to viscous effects in the fluid.
The plates are isothermal and there is no change in the direction of the flow and, therefore, the

temperature only depends on y, T = T (y), therefore = 0Likewise, u = u (y) and v = 0.

So, in this case, the energy equation with viscous dissipation reduces to:
2 2
0=k 2
+ ) 9( )
( …

2 2

2
=− ( )… 10( )

Yaque = By dividing both terms by k and integrating twice, we have:

2
( ) =−( )+ 3 + 4… 11 ( )
2k L
Border conditions:

T( 0=
) 1
( )= 2

We apply the boundary conditions to equation 11 and we have that:

2
μ 0
T( 0=
) =1 − ( )+ 0 + 4=>( ) 4= … (12)
2k L3 1

2
1− 2
( )= 2= −( )+ 3 + 1(
=>) 3= + V2 ... ( 13)
2k L 2kL
We substitute equations (12) and (13) into equation (11) to obtain the distribution of
temperatura:
2 2
2− 1
( )= ( ) + 1+ ( − ) … 2 14 ( )
2k

b)

The temperature gradient is determined by differentiating T(y) with respect to y from equation 14:

2
2− 1
= + (-1 ) … 15 ( )
2kL
The location of the temperature is determined by setting (dT/dy) = 0 and solving for y.

We solve and obtain:

2
2− 1
= + (-1 ) = 0
2k
We isolate 'y' and obtain:

2− 1 1
= ( 2
+ ) 16 ( )
2
We substitute the values given by the problem and those in table 1. And we have that:

2− 1 1 ( 313.15 − 288.15 ) 1
= ( (
+ ) = 0.0007 )
[(0.145 )( 2+ )]
2 2 ∗ ∗ 2
(0.605 2 ) (12)

= 3.79126x10-4m = 0.379126 mm
This is the place where the maximum temperature is recorded, and we can deduce that it is near
the middle of the two plates, since they always remain at the same temperature.

Now to obtain the maximum temperature, equation (14) will be used and the variables will be substituted.
data.
2 2
2−
á = (3.79 x 10-4 ) = 1
( ) + 1+ (−) 2
2k
(313.15 − 288.15)K -4
á = ( 3.79126 x 10 ) m+ 288.15 K
0.0007 m
∗ 2)
(0.605 2 (12 3.79126 x 10-4 3.79126x10-4 )2
+ ( − )
2(0.145 ) 0.0007 m 0.0007 m2
∗
á = 376.27355 = 103.12355 °
c) The heat flow from the oil to the plate can be determined from the definition of flow
of heat for a conductive context. With Fourier's law

Conduction equation:

̇=−

The heat flow will be evaluated both at 0 and at L:

=
̇=− |
=0

0̇ =− | =0

̇ =− | =

From equation (15) we know the value of dT/dy, therefore we substitute and make it the
necessary algebra and we evaluate each 'y', both at 0 and at L:
 T2 - T1 2 0 T2 - T1 2
0= − − (1 - 2 ) = − −
2kL 2L
∗ 2
( 313.15 − 288.15 ) (0.605 2 ) (12)
0= − (0.145 ) − = -67407.14286
∗ 0.0007 m 2 ( 0.0007 ) 2

T2 - T1 2 T2 - T1 2
=− − (-1 ) = − +
2kL 2L
∗ 2
( 313.15 − 288.15 ) (0.605 2 ) (12)
= − (0.145 ) + = 57050
∗ 0.0007 m 2 ( 0.0007 ) 2

Bibliography

Yunus A. Cengel, (2011), 4th edition, Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and
applications, Mexico, McGraw Hill