Solved exercises

Below we offer you some solved exercises on functions.

linear. Take into account in each case the arguments that are provided and
how properties vary when they are displaced with respect to the
originals.
Exercise 1
Sea la funciónfdefinida en los reales por la ecuaciónf(x) = 2x–6.
a) Make a sketch of your graph.
b) Write its properties.
c) Check if the pair (–1 ;–8) belongs to the function f.

d) Calculate: 2f(2)–

Solution item a:

Like the graphical representation of

a linear function is a line,
just two points to make your
sketch. You can take the calls.
comfortable points, I mean, the
intercepts of the line with the axes
of coordinates.
Intercept with the x-axis:
2x - 6 = 0 (You make zero the
arranged in the equation
x = 3 (Isolating x)
Intercept with the y-axis: y = -
6 (Coincides with the value of den)

The points of intersection of

the line with the axes is (3 ; 0)
y (0; -6).
Solution item b:

Domain: (The graph bars the entire 'x' axis)

Image: (The graph bars the entire "y" axis)

 Zero: = 3. (The graph intersects the 'x' axis at 3)
Monotonicity: Increasing across its entire domain. (The slope is positive,)
that is, m = 2 > 0 and the graph slopes up from left to right
right)
Signs:positive for x > 3 negative for x < 3. (For x > 3, the graph
It is above the axis 'x' and for x < 3, it is below. Observe.
Also, to write the signs, zero is taken as a reference.
and is not included).
Parity: It is neither even nor odd. (It is not symmetric with respect to the origin of
coordinates, nor to the "y" axis.
Injectivity: It is injective. (When drawing lines parallel to the 'x' axis, they intersect
to the graph at a single point).
Solution item c:
To check if a pair belongs to the function, you must:
1. Substitute laxdel for in the equation
2. Find the value of y
3. If the found value matches the y of the pair, the point
It belongs. Otherwise, it does not belong.
We apply these steps to verify if the pair (–1; –8) belongs to the
functionf:
y= 2(-1) -6
y=-2-6
y=-8
As the pair also is -8, the pair does belong to the function f.
Solution item c:

They request to calculate 2f(2)– .

To solve this item, we suggest first calculating the values.
functional involved in the expression.
f(2) = 2.2–6 = 4–6 =–2
f(-2) = 2.(-2) - 6 = -4 - 6 = -10
Now you substitute in the expression:

-4 + 2 = -2.
 Now let's look at an inverse example, that is, given the graph of the function
find its equation and write its properties.
Exercise 2
In the coordinate system
rectangles appear represented
a linear function of the form g(x)
= mx + n.
a) Write the equation of the
functioning.
b) Of its properties.
c) If the pair (3 ; y) belongs to the
function, find the value of the
ordered.
Solution section a:
To write the equation of a linear function, you need the values
demyn.
In the graph, two of the points of the line appear, but none of them
they provide you with the value den. In this case, you must:

First, find the value by using the formula.

The points given in the graph are (1; 1) and (–1; 5)

=
NOTE: Verify, to avoid errors, that if the line tilts
downwards, the slope has to be negative
2. Replace the handle and any of the given points, for
to find the value of den.

y = mx + n
Tomasm = -2 and the point (1; 1)

1 = -2.1 + n
1 = -2 + n
n=3
3. You write the equation.
If comom = -2 and yn = 3, then:
 R/The equation degsg(x) = -2x + 3.
Solution letter b:
The properties of the equation g(x) = -2x + 3:

Domain: (The graph sweeps across the entire 'x' axis)

Image: (The graph sweeps across the entire 'y' axis)

Zero-2x + 3 = 0

= 1.5 (
Note: As a verification, check that the line intersects the 'x' axis.
on the positive semi-axis.
Monotonicity: Decreasing throughout its domain. (The slope is
negative, that is, m = -2 < 0 and the graph slopes downwards
left to right
Signs:positive for x < 1.5 and negative for x > 1.5. (Note that
to write the signs, the zero of the function is taken as
reference).
Parity: It is neither even nor odd. (It is not symmetrical with respect to the origin)
coordinates, nor to the "y" axis).

Injectivity: It is injective. (When drawing lines parallel to the 'x' axis, they intersect
to the graph at a single point).
Solution part c:
You are asked to find the value of the ordinate of the pair (3 ; y) that belongs to
the function.
To find the y-coordinate of the point, substitute the x-coordinate of the given point.
In the equation, you calculate the value of y. This is possible since if the
For a parabola, its coordinates satisfy its equation.
g(3) = -2.3 + 3 = -6 + 3 = -3.
The y-coordinate of the pair is -3.

Exercise 3
In the coordinate system, the linear function h is represented.
[Link] true (T) or false (F). Argue for those you consider.
false.
a)___ The function is monotonically increasing.

b)___ The value of denes-4.

c)___ The function is odd.

d)___h(-2) = 4.
[Link] the correct answer.
a) The equation of the function is:

h(x) = 4x - 4
h(x) = -4x + 4
h(x) = -2x - 4
___h(x) = -4x - 4
b) The zero of the function is:

___ = -1

__ = -1.5

__ = –0,5

__ = -2
c) It can be said about the function h that:

___ is positive for .

___ has an image .

___ is not injective.
___ the graph intersects the 'y' axis at the point (–4, 0).
Solution:
3.1.
a) F. The graph slopes downwards from left to right.
b) V. Remember that the value coincides with the intercept of the line
with the 'y' axis
c) F. The graph is not symmetric with respect to the origin of coordinates or not.
satisfies that h(–x) = –h(x).

d) If you observe the graph, for x=–2, the value of yes 4

3.2.
a) The equation is h(x) =-4x - 4.

The value is denes–4, which is why the second equation is discarded.

The graph also slopes downward, so the slope is negative.
and the first equation is ruled out.
The third and fourth would remain, to determine if the slope is -2.
o–4.
Here you can operate in two ways:
You find the slope using the formula.
2. You check if the point (–2 ; 4) given in the graph satisfies the equation
three or four.
By the second route, it would be like this:
y = -2x - 4
y = -2(-2) - 4 = 4 - 4 = 0

it is not fulfilled.

y = -4(-2) - 4 = 8 - 4 = 4

4 = 4 holds true.

The zero of the function hes = -1.

Remember that to find the zero, you assign a value of 0 to the ordinate in the
equation:
0 = -4x - 4

4x = -4
 x = -1.

c) It can be asserted that the function h has an image . (The

bar graph covering the entire "y" axis

Let's analyze why the other options cannot be:

is positive for (For the signs, zero is not included, it

correct is x <–1).
it is not injective. (If you draw straight lines parallel to the "x" axis, they intersect the
graph at a single point).
the graph intersects the "y" axis at the point (–4, 0). (The graph intersects
to the 'y' axis when the abscissa of the point is zero, the correct is (0; –
4)).
:Ejercicio 4
Let the linear functions be given by their equations f(x) = 2 - x
yg(x) = 3 and the function h whose graphical representation

is .
[Link] the correct answer.
a) The negative function for:
___ x <–2.
___ x < 2.
___ x > 2.
___ x > -2.
b) It can be stated about the function that:

___ is monotonically increasing.

___ is neither even nor odd.

___ is injective.

___ its overall image is .

c) It can be stated about the function h that:

___ is odd.
___ has no zero.
___ is monotonically decreasing.
The pair (4; 2) belongs to the function.
[Link] in the blanks.
a) The equation of the function is ________________.
b) The monotonic function ________________.
c) The domain of the function is _______________.
d)f(-1) is equal to ________.
Solution:
4.1.
a) The function is negative for x > 2. Keep in mind that the zero of the
the function is x = 2 and since the slope is negative (m = -1), the function is
decreasing monotonic, so the part of the line that is by
below the 'x' axis is to the right of 2.

b) From the function, it can be stated that the image set is You are
in the presence of a constant function and its image is always the
unit set whose element is the value den.
c) It can be stated that the function is odd. The line is symmetrical.
regarding the origin of coordinates.
4.2.
a) The equation of the function hesh(x) = 2x.
Since the line passes through the origin of coordinates, n= 0 and the equation is
from the form y = mx.
You substitute the pair (2 ; 4) into the equation and get 4 = 2m, from which m =
2.
You can also find the slope using the studied formula and the
points (0; 0) and (2; 4).
b) The function is monotonically decreasing.

Keep in mind that the equation is not ordered and the slope is the
coefficient of x, m=–1.

c) The domain of the function is .

Remember that linear functions have a domain of the set of the
real numbers, as their graph sweeps across the entire 'x' axis.

d)f(–1) is equal to 3.
Remember that you must substitute –1 for x in the equation and carry out the operation.
indicated calculation.
 There are different phenomena in life whose behavior is
completely linear and others do so at times. In these cases the
analysis of those phenomena graphs allows you to conduct studies on
subsequent behaviors. Below we show you two examples.
Exercise 5
A substance is subjected to a
cooling process during
several minutes. In the graph there
show how it was varying its
temperature during the process, to
from 11:40 a.m. and until
finish.
a) What was the initial temperature?
from the substance?
b) How long was it?
descending the temperature?
c) At what time did the substance reach
the 0oC?
d) What was the temperature
minimum reached by the substance?
Solution
To solve all these items you must rely on the information that
it provides you with the graph.

a) You can determine the initial temperature of the substance.

observing the graph that starts from 15 on the y-axis.
oThe initial temperature is 150C.
b) As the graph descends throughout the entire measurement, it is sufficient to
observe the time that marks the completion of the process of
cooling.
oThe temperature was decreasing for 28 minutes.
c) To answer at what time the substance reached 0oYou must:
3. Find the zero of the function
. To find the zero of the function, it is necessary to write its
equation that in this case they do not provide.

Since the graph intersects the "y" axis at 15, the value of y is.
15.
 Take the pair (4; 12) which is a point on the graph and the
value deny you replace it with eny = mx + n to find the
value of them

12 = 4m + 15 (You substitute the pair and m in the equation)

12 - 15 = 4m (Transpose the 15)

-3 = 4m (You perform the subtraction)
m = -0.75 (Find the value of m)
The equation is T = -0.75t + 15
4. You calculate the zero:

0 = -0.75t + 15 (Substituting y for zero)

0.75t = 15 (Transpose the first term to the other side)

to make it positive)
t = 20 (Isolate t)
When they ask you the time, you should add 20 minutes to the start time.
from the process (11:40 a.m.). You reach noon.
The substance reached 0ºC at 12:00 PM.
d) To determine the minimum temperature reached by the substance
you should observe in the graph that the minimum temperature is reached
When 28 minutes have passed. Then, you substitute in the
equation the time by 28 and calculate the requested temperature:
T = -0.75t + 15
T = -0.75.28 + 15 = -21 + 15 = -6
The minimum temperature reached by the substance was -60C.
Exercise 6
A tank that contained certain
amount of water filled
completely using a
hose starting at 1:00 p.m.
After some time, it
start using water for
a general cleaning until emptying
completely. The graph shows
the amount of liters of water that
it contains the tank in each
moment.
C: amount of liters of water that
contains the tank.
time in minutes.
a) If the equation that describes the tank filling process is

What is the capacity of the tank?

To solve this item, you must complete the given equation with the
value of y. As you already know, the value of the ordinate from where it starts
the graph is precisely the value den.
On the other hand, the tank was full after 30 minutes, so the
capacity is found by substituting in the equation for 30:

The capacity of the tank is 100 liters.

b) During the filling process, after how many minutes is the tank
Did it contain water up to 60% of its capacity?
60% of 100 liters is 60 liters.
You substitute 60 in the equation and solve for time.

The tank contained water up to 60% of its capacity at 15.

minutes.
c) What time was the tank completely filled?
From the graph, it can be seen that the tank was filled at 30 minutes, but
they ask you for the time.

Add 30 minutes to the start time of the process (1:00 p.m.).

 The tank was completely filled at 1:30 p.m.
d) How many seconds was water not used from the tank?
The section that is parallel to the x-axis is the one that shows where.
the amount of water in the tank did not change.
This section goes from 30 to 45, then it's 15 minutes, which you must
convert to seconds.
R/No water was used in the tank for 900 seconds.
e) If the equation that describes the emptying process is C = mt + 200, what about
What time did the tank empty completely?
The tank empties completely when it contains no water, then you must
calculate the zero of the function.
oSince the equation of the emptying process is not complete,
you must find the value of m.
To do this, you take the pair (45; 100) that belongs to that segment.
and you substitute it into the given equation.

100 = m. 45 + 200
100–200 = 45m
-100 = 45m

The equation is:

o You calculate the zero:

The tank began to empty after 45 minutes and until 90.

minutes. Then, it takes 45 minutes to empty.
The tank emptied completely in 45 minutes.
Sometimes you must analyze the properties of a function
linear with restricted domain. In these cases, properties appear that do not
There exist linear functions with the domain of real numbers and others change.
regarding your analysis. Below we show you a concrete example.
Exercise 7
Let the linear function whose equation is d(x) = 3x + 9, defined for
all real numbers such that .
a) Sketch the graph of said function in the given domain.
b) Write its image set.
c) For what real values is the function positive?
d)Señala su valor mínimo y su valor máximo.
Solution

a) To outline the graph of this

linear function, you must:
Find the image for the elements of the
domain that are extremes of the interval
given.
d(–4)= 3.–4) + 9 =–12 + 9 =-3
d(2) = 3(2) + 9 = 15
2. Calculate its zero.
3x + 9 = 0
3x = -9
x = -3
3. You locate the found values and draw the
segment limited by the ends of the
given interval.
b) To write its image set, you must observe in the graph, what
part of the y-axis sweeps the graph.
As you can see, the graph ranges from -3 to 15. These values are
include, since the given interval is closed.

The image set of the function .

c) To write the signs of the function, its zero is used as a reference.
As you can see, the graph is above the 'x' axis at the
to the right of -3 and up to 2.

When writing the interval, keep in mind that for x = 2, the graph is
above the x-axis, so the 2se is included in the answer.
 The function is positive for .
Normally, linear functions do not have a maximum or minimum, already
that its graph is infinite upwards and downwards. In this case, being
limited its domain, it has both values.
The maximum value is the highest value that the ordinates take and the value
minimum, the younger of them.

R/The maximum value of the function d is y = 15 and the minimum value is y = -

3.