NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO

SYSTEMATICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS

DESCRIPTION SHEET OF SPEARMINT
Spearmint
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Mentha
Especie:Mentha spicata
Root: The base of the herb is a rhizome from which it emerges
several dark purple underground stems,
that grow in all directions. From the rhizome,
it reproduces through shoots that take root
upon contact with moisture.
Its roots are extensive and invasive.
Stem: Reaches 30 cm in height.
Leaves: The leaves get their name from their lanceolate [Link] means 'spear' in Latin; they are
very aromatic, serrated, glabrous, hairy on the underside.

Flowers: The flowers have a calyx with [Link] iguales y garganta glabra.
The corolla is purple, pink, or white, and very glandular, up to 3 mm long.
Fruit: Since it is a sterile plant, it does not bear fruit.

Area where they grow and develop:

It is a herb originating from Europe, specifically from the Mediterranean region..
This herb can and has been planted all over the world, which has turned it into a
a very conventional species in a large number of countries around the world, although it
they are mainly concentrated in southeast Europe.

Uses and applications:

Popular medicine: It has useful properties,antspasmodic, it is carminative,
anti-inflammatory and stimulating. In this way, it helps to treat the problems of
indigestion. The most common way to use mint is by making an infusion with its
leaves.
Gastronomy: Spearmint is consumed as a drink ininfusionmade with 5 to
6 mL of water at about 80 °C. It is used as an aromatic herb, being one of the aromas.
 used forcandies, gum, ice creamsand other pastry preparations
mint-infused

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO

SYSTEMATICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
DESCRIPTIVE SHEET OF JASMINE
Jasmine (Jasminum officinale)
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genre: Jasminum
Especie:Jasminum officinale
Root: Pivoting or axonomorphic

Stems: The stems are square-shaped, green in color.

or grayish, profusely branched.
Leaves: Arranged alternately or oppositely;
can bethree-leavedoimparipinnate.
Flowers: The flowers are commonly white. The
inflorescences are clusters, they usually arise
from the axils of the leaves, they are hermaphrodites, of
various colors.
Fruit: It is a black berry when ripe.
The fragrance that the flowers exhale is very intense and is perceived as a sweet aroma.

Areas where they grow and develop:

They are rather rustic plants that adapt quite well to various situations.
Climbers and many species are used as vines to cover walls.
Uses and applications:

Jasmine is a plant with multiple uses; in fact, it can be cultivated both as a plant
as an indoor plant, as an outdoor plant, or as a cut flower.

These plants are mainly grown for their flowers, in thegardenas an indoor plant or
for cut flowers. The flower lasts about 24 hours. In Andalusia, they are highly valued.
they are collected two hours before the bud opens for makingbouquets of flowers.
In aromatherapy, they are used as aaphrodisiac, analgesicyantdepressive, as well as a
muscle relaxant and promotes sleep.
 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
SYSTEMATICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
DESCRIPTIVE SHEET OF NETTLE
Nettle
Order: Rosales
Family: Urtcaceae
Género:Urtca
Especie:Urtca dioica
Root: It is very rich intannins,which confer a
astringent action, pivoting or axonomorphic.
Stem: A reddish or yellowish, upright stem,
quadrangular, branched and hollowed in the
interknots. It is equipped in all the knots with
pairs of leaves, and is covered in hairs
urtcantes.
Leaves: Oval shape, rough, serrated, pointed, and up to 15 cm. They are green in color.
dark and with soft yellow petals. They are found opposite each other and are also
provided, just like the stem of the hairs that characterize it.
Flowers The flowers are yellowish green withstamensyellows, gathered
inpaniculespendulous, asilar and terminal. They are usually unisexual, small and
arranged in hanging clusters of up to 10 cm. The females are found in
longsamendmentspendants and the masculine ones in shorter inflorescences.
Fruit: In achenes (capsules) and dry.
Area where they grow and develop:
In the Iberian Peninsula it is very abundant, in the Cantabrian mountain range, although it can be
find all over the country. We can look for it anywhere humans or the
livestock (it is said that it goes after him). It is raised in nitrogen-rich and moist soils.

Uses and applications:

Medicinal: used for healing rituals. Among others, its value as a stimulant has been noted.
of the digestive apparatus, antidiarrheal and diuretic.

Agricultural: In organic agriculture, a decoction of nettles can be used as fertilizer.

nitrogenous and as an insecticide.
 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
SYSTEMATICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
DESCRIPTIVE SHEET OF CHINESE LANTERN
(Abution pictum)
Order: Mallows
Familia:Malvaceae
Genus: Abutlon
Especie:Abutlon pictum
Root: Pivoting or axonomorphic

Stems: The stems are almost purple and the branches.

long and curved.
Leaves: The deciduous leaves, alternate, measure between 5 and 8
cm in length, they are bluish-green, oval and
they commonly have serrated edges, in some
species can present with the entire limbus and
in others up to pentalobed. Cutting the shoots
the terminals are taking on a bushy shape.
Flowers: TheflowersThey are yellow to red, with dark red veins. They present 5petalsfrom 2 to
4 cm long. Blooms extensively between spring and autumn.
Area where they grow and develop:
It is native to America and tropical Asia. It grows best in protected places or greenhouses but
It needs a lot of light and takes a long time to bloom.

Usage and applications:

It is grown as an ornamental plant for parks and gardens.

 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
SYSTEMATICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
DESCRIPTIVE SHEET OF MOLL
Szechuan Pepper
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Schinus
Especie:Schinus molle
Pivot or axonomorphic root
Trunk: The diameter of the trunk can reach up to 30 cm,
hanging branches, brown or gray outer bark, very
rough, exfoliating in long plates,trichomeserect or
curved, up to 0.1 mm long, whitish.
Leaves: Alternate leaves, always green or deciduous,
imparipinnate or paripinnate, acute apex, obtuse or
rounded, hooked acumen with a hooked base
rounded, obtuse or wedge-shaped, oblique, edges
enters.
Flowers: Terminal and axillary inflorescence.

Fruit: Globose fruit, 5 –7 mm in diameter, thin, deciduous exocarp, pink to red.

pink when ripe, glabrous, fleshy and resinous mesocarp, bony endocarp.
Seed: Compressed, flat cotyledons.
Areas where they grow and develop:
It probably originates in the central Andes and theAltplanin what is today Peru, Chile and
Bolivia and the northwest of Argentina with a wide distribution in these countries.

It is a tolerant species of thedroughtand to the high temperatures. It is long-lived, resilient, and perennial,
Although it does not withstand frost well. For these reasons, it is grown all over the world.

Usage and applications:

It is a plant widely used by thetraditional medicineTo its bark and resin

it has been attributed tonic properties,antspasmodicyhealing agentsand the resin is used
to alleviate thecavitiesFresh fruits in infusion are taken against urine retention.
.

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO

SYSTEMATICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
DESCRIPTIVE SHEET OF HEMLOCK
Poison Hemlock
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Conium
Especie:Conium maculatum
Pivoting or axonomorphic root
Stem: Hollow and ribbed, mottled in purplish color
at the base and very branched at the top.
Leaves: They are trifoliate, soft, fétdas, greenish
triangular and divided into ovate leaflets or
lanceolate. The lower leaves are petiolate and more
larger than the superiors, measuring up to 60 cm
length.
Flowers: Small, white, and emerge
inumbrellasfrom about 10 to 15cmin diameter.
Fruit: In a round or oval achene, light green in color.
Seeds: They are small and dark-colored. The entire plant emits a nauseating smell when...
break it or rub it.

Areas where they grow and develop:

It is originally fromEuropeand theNorthAfrica, in rather humid nitrophilic environments and
fresh, like the banks of rivers and uncultivated areas.
It is often found in poorly drained soils, particularly near streams, ditches, and
other water surfaces. It also appears on the edges of roads, edges of cultivated fields
and waste areas.
Uses and applications:

The fruits and also the leaves have been used in the form of a poultice from fresh plant or oil
cicuta for its properties as an antispasmodic, galactagogue, analgesic, local anesthetic and
for its action on sensory nerve endings as a sedative to calm pain
persistent.
The hemlock is apoisonvery powerful that should never be used internally, as some
drops of its juice can be deadly for a person.
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
SYSTEMATICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
DESCRIPTIVE SHEET OF ASTROMELIA
Alstroemeria aurea
Order: Asparagales
Family: Alstroemeraceae
Genus: Alstroemeria
Especie:Alstroemeria aurea
Root: Fibrous fasciculate
Stems: Simple and upright, reaching up to 40 cm.
up to more than 1 m in height.

Leaves: lanceolate to oblanceolate.

Flowers: yellow to orange, with reddish spots;
with 6treat themand arranged inumbrellas.
Fruit: It is an elliptical capsule.

This plant does not have sexual dimorphism because

isHermaphrodite.
Areas where they grow and develop:
It is a characteristic species of thePatagonian Andean Forestin the south ofChile, in theArgentna y
mostly inPeru, being abundant in open forests.
Uses and applications:
The Alstroemeria,like a cut flowerit is one of the most commonly used resources by theprofessionals
florists.
It has straight and long stems, easy for making all types of floral arrangements: bouquets
in spiral, flower baskets, etc. Receiving the necessary care, the alstroemeria, from its
the process of collection, distribution, and delivery in flower shops in the city can take up to
two weeks.
 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
SYSTEMATICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
DESCRIPTIVE SHEET OF MANZANITO FROM PERU
Hesperomeles obtusifolia
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Hesperomeles
Especie:Hesperomeles obtusifolia
Root: Pivoting or axonomorphic.

Stem: Shrub 3 to 4 meters tall. With

smooth branches usually end in
[Link], glabrescent
inconspicuous or expired.

Leaves:simple;petiole0.8–3 mm long; lanceolate blade, 7–12 x 3–7 mm, leathery,

smooth, serrated margin; reticulate venation, conspicuous on the underside.

Flower:Inflorescencesin terminal peaks, subsessile, 2-5 flowers or solitary flowers; flowers

bisexuals, pentameters
Fruit: Globular pome, red to black; seed coat thin.
Areas where they grow and develop:
It is native to South Western America, it can be found in countries like Bolivia, Colombia.
Ecuador and Venezuela.
Uses and applications:
wild fruits foodstuffs, which is used to preparejams, among others
preparations.
Medicinal uses, theinfusionThe leaves or fruits are used to treat kidney problems,
liver conditions, nerves, headache and stomach pain, and in baths during the postpartum.
With wood, plows, looms, furniture are made, and houses are built. The plant in
cooking is used to dye clothes.
I use asornamental plantin hedges and live fences, barriers against frosts.
Livestock barriers, and use as protection for births and margins of ravines.