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International Conference on Environment and Technology IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 469 (2020) 012051 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012051
Web Based Raspberry Monitoring System Solar Energy
Power Plant
Hamzah Eteruddin1, David Setiawan2, & Atmam Atmam3
1
Universitas Lancang Kuning, Pekanbaru, 28265, Indonesia
Email : hamzah@[Link]
2
Universitas Lancang Kuning, Pekanbaru, 28265, Indonesia
Email : dsetia@[Link]
3
Universitas Lancang Kuning, Pekanbaru, 28265, Indonesia
Email : atmam@[Link]
Abstract. In conducting the monitoring of current and voltage change towards
temperature change and humidity at the output of Solar Power Plant (SPP), the
researcher used to conduct measurement manually which was by using multi meter
until the measurement obtained depends on the researcher/the operator itself to do the
measurement. In this research, the researcher looked for the solution to replace the
human roles as the operator of the measurement tool with raspberry pi-based
monitoring system and RTC DS3231 to monitor the current, the voltage, the
temperature, and the humidity on the surface of PTS to know the current that flows
and the change of voltage towards the temperature and the humidity that occur in 24
hours. Based on the result of the research conducted, raspberry pi-based SPP
monitoring system and RTC DS3231 could record the current, the voltage, the
temperature, and the humidity in real time towards the performance result of SPP into
CSV file with recording time once in 10 seconds into Micro SD and the result of that
measurement can be accessed through website/internet where Raspberry Pi is
functioned as the web server connected to the campus network system.
Keywords – Measurement, SPP, raspberry, logger data, web monitoring
1. Introduction
Indonesia that is located in the equator obtains good sunlight until the intensity of the abundant
sunlight can be utilized to be the source of energy in which the average annual irradiation is 4 to 5.5
kWh/m2 per day (1 kWh=1MJ/3600*1000) [1], [2]. Mid-day irradiation approximately 1 kW of
energy on every m2 of ground surface [3], [4]. Solar Power Plant (SPP) is the tool to convert the
sunlight to be electrical energy, big and small power produced is influenced by the changes of some
conditions such as the temperature & humidity, the direction of the sunlight, the strength of the
sunlight, and so on [5].
The direct measurement by using multi meter and the temperature measurement tool and the
humidity to observe the current change and the voltage at SPP is felt not optimal yet, in which the
measurement still counts on the operator to assure the multi meter and the temperature and humidity
measuring tool work well, frequently the multi meter experienced standby or not reading in a couple
of minutes or low battery and so on. The SPP monitoring system that places the voltage sensor, current
sensor, and temperature sensor and humidity to read the voltage change and current towards the
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
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International Conference on Environment and Technology IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 469 (2020) 012051 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012051
temperature and the humidity that can be monitored and controlled from far distance can be in the
form of micro-controller connected to computer device to save the data read by micro-controller at the
web page in which the computer can function as web server connected to internet network or intranet,
or micro-controller that can work like mini-computer in which Micro SD functions as the hard disc
and works by using operating system installed into that micro SD like Raspberry Pi [6][7].
There are some operating systems that can be installed at Raspberry Pi, one of them is Raspbian.
Raspbian is the operational system with Linux-based, to install the functional system into micro SD
can use freeware, Rufus. After the operating system works, some applications and functions are ready
to be installed and used. In this research, the researcher installed the web server and PHP my admin as
the web server to display the report and information the results of the research. GPIO obtained at
Raspberry Pi functions as pin input/output to read sensors will be used. The sensor used for SPP
monitoring system is the voltage sensor, the current sensor such as ACS712 and temperature sensor
and humidity DHT11 that mostly sold at the electronics store or online store. In order, Raspberry Pi
can read the sensor based on the time and date of the measurement, real-time clock (RTC) is used
because raspberry is not yet completed with time and clock system like the computer in general. The
result of sensor reading based on the time and date are saved into one file or called as logger data in
the form of CSV file. Next, the web page that has been built will read the CSV data until the web
display result will show the reading that has been saved into CSV file in which the reading system is
conducted once in 10 seconds.
2. Research Methodology
The monitoring system of SPP at Faculty of Engineering Lancang Kuning University was started
from the study of literature, then data collection, the working performance analysis, and the design
then functioning web-based monitoring system.
2.1. A. Reading The Data of The Time and The Clock
Raspberry Pi does not have update time system except through two ways, they are Raspberry Pi
connected to the internet until the local automatically synchronized to internet time or using Real Time
Clock (RTC). RTC is chip IC that has time started from second, minute, hour, day, date, month, until
year accurately which are provided at RTC module with power supply source itself which is the clock
battery.
Figure 1. RTC3231
To read RTC3231 in Raspberry Pi, we can do instruction below step by step:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo nano /etc/modules
At the display of the bottom page, add rtc-ds3231 with the example as follows:
snd-bcm2835
i2c-bcm2835
i2c-dev
rtc-ds3231
2
International Conference on Environment and Technology IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 469 (2020) 012051 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012051
2.2. Read The Voltage Data
The sensor used to measure the voltage is the sensor with voltage DC 0-25 V, this module worked
based on resistive divider principle, made the voltage that will be detected decreased 5 times, until the
output voltage from sensor 0-5 V and the maximum voltage detected was 5 x 5 V = 25 V. From the
result of the voltage system test at raspberry during the reading was 3,7978875v until the maximum
voltage detected was 5 x 3.7978875 V = 18.9894375 V. Because this output voltage from maximum
solar panel 38 V or 2 times from the reading then added with divider resistive sequences before entering
the sensor which was 2 resistors connected series with the sequences.
IC MCP3008 is the IC converter from the analog which is in the form of measured value changed
into the digital value, IC MCP3008 has 8 channels analog reader and 4 legs that will be connected to
Raspberry Pi and Vcc to 3,3 V and the ground.
In which the first column is the date and time, the second column is voltage reading 1, the third
column is the voltage reading 2, the fourth column is the voltage reading 3, and the fifth column is the
voltage reading 4. Next, this CSV file will be read by webpage at the discussion below.
2.3. Read The Current Data
The sensor used to read the current output of the solar panel was ACS712, ACS712 is the module that
functions censing the current at certain sequence, module variant ACS712 is divided in 3, they are the
reach of current measurement maximal 5 A with sensitivity 185 mV/A, maximal 20 A with sensitivity
100 mV/A and maximal 30 A with sensitivity 66 mV/A. In this research, the writer used
ACS712ELCTR-30 A that can sense the maximal current 30 A. The following is the sequence:
Figure 2. The Sequences of Current Sensor ACS712
Like the censor of the voltage using channel 0 until channel 3 to read voltage 1 until voltage 4 from
a solar panel, channel 4 until channel 7 read 4 sensors of current 1 until the censors of current 4 that
are connected to 4 solar panels.
3
International Conference on Environment and Technology IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 469 (2020) 012051 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012051
Next the instruction of saving the data into the CSV file and setting the reading time the same with
the voltage reading above in which the voltage data and the saved current into the same file which was
[Link] and the data collection was conducted once in every 10 seconds.
# the location of CSV file the same with the program location in the same folder, then:
data = open ('[Link]', 'a')
The data that will be read becomes 4 data again, they are currently 1, current 2, current 3, and
current 4, then the reading instruction becomes:
[Link] ('{} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}\n'.
format(waktu, voltage1, voltage2, voltage3, voltage4, arus1, arus2, arus3, arus4))
# the reading instruction every 10 seconds made under the data writing instruction:
[Link](10)
2.4. Read The Temperature Data and The Humidity
To measure the temperature and the humidity, the DHT11 sensor was used. DHT11 is the sensor
module that functions to sensing the temperature object and the humidity that has the analog voltage
that can be processed further at Raspberry Pi. The sequences are as follows:
Figure 3. DHT11 and GPIO Raspberry Pi
Two DH11 censors were installed at the solar panel, resistor 10 k ohm was connected to A0 and
VCC for the reading accuracy. In this research, there was 4 solar panel then 8 censors of DHT11 will
be installed in which 2 DHT11 sensors are installed at each solar panel. To read DHT11 at raspberry
pi, it can be done by using the library that can be downloaded from the internet or installing the
application Adafruit_Python_DHT11 through the following ways:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev python-openssl git
git clone [Link] git && cd Adafruit_Python_DHT
sudo python [Link] install
4
International Conference on Environment and Technology IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 469 (2020) 012051 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012051
After it is done, the instruction at the example can be used. With the file capital at the file
[Link] existed in the example folder, we can add from 1 example censor used to be 8
DHT11 censors . The following is the data result saved into [Link]:
Figure 4. Data of Logger Censor The Temperature and The Humidity
At the figure, it can be seen that each data is separated by the tab in which the first column
the date and the time, the second column humidity of sensor 1, the third column was the temperature
data at sensor 1, and so on until sensor 8.
3. Raspberry PI Web Monitoring
Raspberry Pi is a small single board computer, wich performanced like any desktop, laptop, or server
[8], [9]. It also called the microcontroller [10] or microcomputer based or minicomputer, in which
Micro SD functions as the hard disc at the computer in general in which the operating system is saved.
The operating system used in this research is wheezy-raspbian.
3.1. Installing Wheezy-Raspbian
This operating system can be downloaded at page [Link] and
application Rufus to install raspbian into Micro SD by using Micro SD card reader.
3.2. Installing Web server
After the operating system works at Raspberry, next we install apache that functions as the web server
application. The way to install this Apache is very easy; run the instruction sudo apt-get update,
afterward run sudo apt-get install apache2 –y. When done, then the raspberry has been installed
with web server (visit [Link]
5
International Conference on Environment and Technology IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 469 (2020) 012051 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012051
If the upgrade is necessary to support to format php, run the instruction sudo apt-get
install php libapache2-mod-php –y, after that delete file [Link] and make the new file with
name [Link] and fill in "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" into [Link] and raspberry has already
supported php format.
3.3. Displaying The Web of Temperature Data and Humidity
The writer made one folder under www with folder name “research”, at that folder, the writer created
the new file with name “[Link]”, the following is the script that displays the temperature data
and the humidity
3.4 Displaying The Web of Voltage Data and The Current
The same with the data web of the temperature and the humidity, the writer made the new file under
the research folder named "[Link]" with a script and the following is the data web
display of the voltage and the current:
4. The Analysis and The Discussion
Beside it can display the data at the web page, the instruction of show the chart for the needs of
analysis can be done based on the logger data of the temperature and the logger of the voltage and the
current. The following is the analysis and the discussion by the writer:
4.1. The Comparison Between The Voltage Towards The Temperature
The chart display at web raspberry page, showing the chart of the voltage and the current towards the
change of temperature above the surface of SPP, the temperature used was the average of the
temperature sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2 installed on the surface of 4 SPP. Then it can be
seen that the temperature can influence the voltage output PV even though it is very small.
4.2. The Comparison Between Voltage Towards Humidity
The chart of the voltage and the current towards the humidity change. The humidity almost did not
influence the output voltage at the PV.
4.3. The Comparison Between Voltage Towards PV A, B, C, and D
At the web page, it also shows the voltage output of PV comparison, among PV A, B, C, and D. PV A
and PV C direct to the east and PV B and D direct to the west, from the chart it can be seen that the
voltage in the morning at PV A and C was bigger compared to PV B and C, however in the afternoon
the output voltage of PV B and D was bigger than at PV A and C. When the thunder occurred, it could
be seen there was voltage output from PV.
5. Conclusion
The monitoring system of SPP web-based can be developed further, either from the parameter side
that will be measured or the chart display or the comparison needed. In order to be accessed from
outside of the campus, IP Address that can only be accessed in campus LAN is changed to IP Public
that can be obtained from the internet provider. Another development can be done at weighting control
in which the contractor as the connector between the inverter and the loads can be disconnected or
connected with the setting at raspberry pi or the menu provided at the webpage itself until it can be
monitored and managed so that the battery does not run out quickly.
6. References
[1] A. Sudradjat, 2007. Sistem-sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga surya: Desain sistem, cara kerja,
pengoperasian dan perawatan, Pertama. BPPT-Press. Jakarta,
6
International Conference on Environment and Technology IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 469 (2020) 012051 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012051
[2] H. Suryawinata, D. Purwanti, and S. Sunardiyo, 2017. “Sistem Monitoring pada Panel Surya
Menggunakan Data logger Berbasis ATmega 328 dan Real Time Clock DS1307,” Sist.
Monit. pada Panel Surya Menggunakan Data logger Berbas. ATmega 328 dan Real Time
Clock DS1307, vol. 9, no. 1,
[3] E. E. Michaelides, [Link], the Environment, and Sustainability. Boca Raton: CRC Press,
2018.
[4] E. Rincón-Mejía and A. de las Heras, 2018. Sustainable Energy Technologies. Boca Raton: CRC
Press,
[5] K. Hendriawan, 2015. “Atap Otomatis Sensor Suhu , Air Dan Tenaga Surya ( Alas Tsusu ),” vol.
1,
[6] R. C. Pambudi, R. Hantoro, and H. Cordova, 2018. “Analisa Performansi dan Monitoring
Berbasis Web Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya di Fakultas Teknologi Industri ITS,”
vol. 7, no. 1,
[7] R. I. S. Pereira, I. M. Dupont, P. C. M. Carvalho, and S. C. S. Jucá, 2018. “IoT embedded linux
system based on Raspberry Pi applied to real-time cloud monitoring of a decentralized
photovoltaic plant,” Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed., vol. 114, pp. 286–297,
[8] G. Halfacree and E. Upton, [Link] Pi User Guide, 4th ed. West Sussex,
[9] U. G. Kulkarni, 2017. “How To Learn Raspberry Pi: A Guide or Resource Links Collection
Book.” p. 48,
[10] D. Setiawan, 2017. “Rancang Bangun Kontrol Peralatan Listrik Otomatis Menggunakan
Arduino- Uno Berbasis Android System,” Riau J. Comput. Sci., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 23–30,