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Penroeability Magrettlc
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MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT 02
corduut through FUz(Magneto-ootive Magnetic
of
deruty though ÎS [Link])Jnit =foa
a te
= mgntk
forca
chuult
4T -wbeB-plarz
LB)-R unitAT
= H
foru/Magpete ux()ai
The A a
XIö* fux abiy at agntie whcb -emagoetle-otal
H/ throyh vght Sa
dver unit = path
o angh fux Ciait d
Felnumber
ovteds
folloued
Aild
=|
it TeslaoYpassia
amakrlal to
toe sherngtb
(NE) to by nagptic of
for plane. per dvile nagndtit
unit
area H)C
at to
/Wam. agndti ur. ling
ans:

1slo'zs Dedruw nholes

d=
cm
l6
CNT)
=.
MmF
yiot tuvo a Aperoance
Also cns-setina Reetwhchanca
find reqyuved mild
ReutanceCs) = T
Hl S
S= he the opposer
to vig (s)
OSo 2G
veluanureloive avea tha
G626
xoS procue Of Reaiprocal Slow -
tuctanle
bas Ye The
4
pemeabllty
[Link] of
prpety
adlameter
atue a
imagnticproporty of
HoHy A uf
ot ve
1s luttan.
400 tho of
cco)x(X10'4T (000. b/AT Ov x
furaferial
2TY lG
anpere
w cm trouah
bth
and
 ans t

Civen, cuYYerfhe f
o Hho
cenwe prto
weclnyd
number o,000X400
mmf=Xo NTk of
I50SA NI duLe
SOoNT=So0H= of
x(axxx o
N SoN= the ort
ctlalo 400AT
F
f
coi. tuvhsthrogh
stength
the
m
hecOs coound
bras is
Dasy
col)is -6

B00
AT/movevhe
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SolenodCalaulal
at
th

anS:

a)
mm+ NTy* A
=
d) b) An
width. mode
fux total DexmeaGliy
ion
= 4ooT up
NT
T+ of Y
400x3S
1400AT
- veldsetny autana cUYYtconsist of ing
D
rournd of
ithe 400,
of o+
. 35 jon cm
Ying
ohdig
A. has of ean
Troning
Detine, dian
aaidiYmetamety er
gap
of
14-0 Qmm and
 sane the lve wllg uobtch cuyYent theealulae 20X/0
rin4 tha widtih lom o+made acut
s s b)
2mW asafun produa eaiyod
o CuYYeNt (2x0)
a)
Calarlate x(4%s331) (aTx6)
(2x6)T Sairgap=
0m Chrteumnfevene
of abas dnd vodus Aem
seton
Ot croeacivaulan has ring ion An
=2-b4Io
B =S61GSsSS
D64rID) 9G. density
=B) fune
2-624
XIo)(23-034 xLo 2443 o X4'6 x100(anxiÝ)
249 >0
1400
NISo= xq00X(3«S3x8) (4TTXI6)
)flu
Twb lergts alrgp aNY- liron Siron=
ATxID 044 23 =
024xo' 2 t XIo2s04 fotal S
Soat= wednesola
wwolaSay
lwbg
(8o03
 =3342
02
3S3 14S6
i5 -t -349
T-9.
026X10 |0)A00x
(S- (4-256x
o.g49
|9-S32
x1d S=
x6 -((o0x16)-(Ix6) X6
S6e4
HrA M o XIS026
o ao= T0-5
A
026
aw (TxAYI6)) Avea= +00
+Sargap Siron toal S
N
0.4s
A2 NyA M
Stosal 2x6w Q- a)
gap rthout
a
N0D
wodnsoy
1slolag
TSE0x2
 ernf indue
ed ot
drces Yepeserts
te fingy middle mdondudo of
divedoo veperns
the Thumb fild, rmagrcik
Sino Bly Je= vepeens
te hefoege retiooperperelicular
Sig mitualy iband-tub middlefinder Fleraings the SAreteh
Vcoso banfchange Xghtorefingey
omagnde
S
trns ofbahuo S N
ordut
N
N kag lin fwx coange
af of vak the
pnportabdt dlvety ioduced
a af
ef aagpitude Ta
[Link] Magnituda
of
ennf isduoed cynanc ally alled flux Yapetto
(s endto
eent
of pbysical
ov Dyramically te to treiuced
io emts changes
n civcuit aconduto
ot
wtbConuutor oycoil
wbch eof oued erof: ibduced
An elocvk colh
an linkag usemgnetc Wheeve
he
is
changes. condutor tre t h iolced thefux ard wedna
condudoy The eof: inducacl Statically
lawsFavaday's 2sloi2
doy
y i's ihdutio
Electroragretie
eof indued TYpes
of
dt A4S|4 o T=
e=-Nd
oppose kndi
to X(2ao°) I-(3327
6)
Caue d'vetio Such
a
it bysehu +leldragptic tha trat
emf iidred The
wedrsclay
in
Civct ibthe CUert a up Set
twednsdy
law Lenz's 2slol23
 steel \6 and So
aflux cast otoasi
lehy ve n mst CAnd
8x6b
latlve ve
of pade reqved
4to he
gwthy'ont rodcng veuttence. Andha a
steel, cast and ncast Sectofors hteuted
emf Mutualy 1)
erof indueed )Selt-
CrOst- aand enn l Df
iameked d ahas Skatkallyihlucad
enf
Q.
I1313V
NO
L
.
argy Set called tbrouqh
1+ luse andcwyent 0-t 4S
sin 0
l6X b)
any soppo
an obich coi) ty
a of propen The e
V
l6o
(roleuctio. Sete lnoon
as proas
ls Tha emf
also tuNDS auon s e;0 =QXY2
jnduced roalees adchanges
flux changes
te coll the ibYOnt cuY te As sina Blv e-
coth linkage a)
Singo=) 4ools V=
emf (bdued self called linkaq
is fux on yts
ang
of emf he wb/t B-2
te to due coil io
ainducad
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the droto+ on ate angle
4s of
corduth thoyshen ernf hducod an t mov
conuto. of
value the L
tha inded
in ent tecalalake fod
cwednsday

ofA fütd magete unldorm angoxtao viht

2 s l i o l e s
-indutod
om Self Wadnby
movey m
lergtb
2 condutor
of straight A
 steel mild pevrmeallhy (4TX)xfe
ta o+ yelative the 1)
find gap. ay the in |T
a!vent CuN atrat éound Itfi circulbr rcanatic Toc
iomm of Gap an an vide to at So pint
Cutthrugh HxT =
a at isving The tt ontuns Soe ot
bar fevence Cium ca 30 ofying sieel mild A
2x0-2 =
(333
+12G +263 25S equived
= YAT
TOtal
126S = XID S366 =
Xo33 383S -
uived va AT
033m =path
AT/m 3935 -
TTXIDYl66
Hpath in cast
XO33 146 =
HXI Yeaoived
= AT
m033m -21 D pat=h
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vcutana
(5)
cYCLs affws
qeoeratoo
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for
chcutt
Nagnetic
magnetic -flow
pt
called [Link]
is
rom.
to
losed cause Shois
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ed
offer
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ne
NBA eletic =) i
234 the =)
M
4 calldYent
ot etueen foY
path o
fow
0. =
ance CiYcut 1s
= ot
eletic
iatt.
c veststane
(ky
2000 jdut bvttles
R aient to
ennf.
closed
The cause tos
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Elktyic
,luebcngay
). S opos
) Simi elethic Aow
’
74S.4
+
AT/m
AT )
457AT 200o
=
AT
availabe
mmf
Total
4YIoi
Yequled
mmf
mmf=
HXL
b)
gap
AiY
stal
vingB
H=
B
=
H
a)
ans:
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fune|eakage
Sone auays There
is patdelined
s acuraty
atb p ttdefin ba an nflow Cafined
to
agdic
nk tne COrdine
al Reslstiity
aUrret thad So
tosulato magretl
in c bsuato becaneletic good of Rluctana Resissaccondtane= ’
Thee
i's J
namker aCAYe
Corstant permzablay iscobre
atrlal.
the derschy
in onfu iS
vcAtt eleutic
a the of MA
erde and tancecontantthon
yesis - S coere
tant Cors
not dvcud
's oagpetlc tempevatveis civuit, Stane Resi ’
veutanco
aof The ektat eletvic a n ) wbne
it: taln main
to hot flofse
but
bor cersiy flux -) densëy, CuYYent J
gneti the cate toaunent the as tumy. Anoperce- expessecd
'n
y Yequlred Cnegy
is )
-ve motive Maqnats foYce
)’Electomotlve
CiYct actualyeleutic
civcAEt an
pmoflouos
1in Arnpeetoty expresedin ameres tnscec expre
CuYYent eletc The eluctano
daes
bo uscMagpetlc ’
Yesistane
cihMagpetie
cud ciycuit Electric
e d n e n d a y
rcutr oilavtlèr Dissi Pff oulule2 cihut Magnatic eletichcuit
agrtt adeetric betweern
O.001
10000 400 =Nj ab
induted. te
armf caloulake Then
(s
As. 400 cuwent incharge 6)
Sat ) erothlured
t P
Mutuly
andla) cotls-(Li ot
theioduchana
calelate;
veladuu and et 18 i's coe onof =,x|:2
2S x
of
ironpormeaßdy Side
on by Side
Cos coem (ron saroe lengis of
seutuôral
Ge
a ave vepecie noO"2
o3m and
S
=G -06 L=lo00
OX
kJLL M M=e
ling SA 200
of
sicant S Naa Ii M- R I
inq N,N M= NO L= an!
cali otor io
the Aumet nagetia-fled Stoed
i
ioctualyy caldl inuta,
the ot calculote
tre
emf bdud eoegy anwinding
d
S. col inehindued linlcad fuz et tHageEcitigo 4o2. avelstane
of bas And
alo coil the wtth
cobch chane, io the when two lboo hasnotor adc of
changey
he ColPl the cunent
 Vn
by a tself vepeats
ts wavefom whose
wosorno. dletntk Vaviatuón
a bas usuay tige tohidhcseh
vawes. negatie and postie both bas
tinge. ath Vanjes
in
constant,
bt obich
is is Allernating
one 4uantity
talsfunderre ih nd O3 = S
CUYent
-1262
V
Gi4S
AZ,
x18 48 2-
24845-62 S=1
at
O2
Be=
4OD (Ro)
(amno)o0)
=31sSH
sS9 4 =64 X 0:2
(9-6s) 49)x (G. D4xJ
m o n d a y
L) Li-N' m

a) o n d u y
L2 J k M=
 insinut V
()JnstantNu
Velka
feunes c)
Vhsin
ot
tnSfVa
62
%tl0osin
entbd Tie )
fsegueniy ) altirtty
fveency Anulav b ohdl codek nt(T)-inx.
ktknyt Tine
é2St Ve|0
sin
valer gaive nt
instantney
Lalc Th
tninlqg Baxie. toatnady
 aTi
Vm he
vaue aeYaga
Sin2e
do eqd
to orhan qveatervaleays ms The
same Hne vesítance
toy Sanme
ddo 29 coS de I cohcbcbib
time
proded af
asbert anount care trmeugh thprodues
e Aesng ciben
agio vesistanle
or givon a X
T whchovCuvYent voHage de that egual
to (s
ument orHage aHenthi
w an ofwlue.’Aos
ethod)
(oid-odinae
hetoed
Anagtia)etbed Graphica)
wantal-binating
dy.
an ofvalue EAetiva aluee
or RMS
[Link] wo of
pilevenLe period Jime ’
penib tinne betweLS
Yadis .
consiing -314IS.
42
tire cwttbe oave Sine a
peviod
T)
(200
xyo) *x(00xÑ) t
sv=Vosinut 21
2T
athodAnalgtical Teme -vagenus, Angubr We
dy dnw
uzs
45s -0. 360X6o
-2l6
t00 (o-) 216
sin SitCo n0TTt 205in =
W2TX
Go Sinwt lon Tiot- a)
120 216cot) 2f tw= |20A Jray=
sin( 60e Svegueoy(
xt) X6o Sin(2x
s0 X 120X 46= Ac ans:
yeach taken
to time the vead to koe ta ime )
irstr oq6A i) fnsti 96Ab
attino Vs6) )istantanay
afte Voaue
curent i instat
he the trom time tne b)for
fostantcnecuy
walue
GDM sin 120 cauctorov
is the down ork value
Al20 of
amacnug cumeno
o9 -e Anallernating (-
360 br
)) J2
Vm Vms
gve) 120sin(12oIX i-
J2
E Vm Vvm'
Tosin
wt ie
1)
lOodncay
 O-636
e0:636V
J
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-coso
Jng
T-T
Case-2 naethod Analyi
cal
Vavgeo
211
atoed ovdinat Mid
2W ale, verage calculating Metfohod
coso CesT-
ateing ineva). -fie soe damig Sigal
211 given
coSe the by
torsed d tyan chrge
2T
alSane the ut arg ransk
to cchte
2)
quant [Link]
olvalue. toat s
2
w e c l n e s 2 y

otao vale Do of
vaue. avorage Te w e d n s c y
s l u l e 9
cwave sine -full Case-1 Cuyed ltig- ofvalue Avvage slulzs
cuednielay

vale o o-factoomd
form fato Calalak tbe Yos, auvege.
voag. alauefoo.
Ratio o4 yns Vaue to aveNage vaue. of an Deak fator of the. given
alvovncting uanty
Considowig a sie conve, fomo fatoy
Vms
J2
Vavg 2Vm O.2 >t
T= 0s
3'4
J2 2Ve 2:$2 V= j0v

Poak fato v/Arooludi -factor /Thust -auty

Ratioot mctroun Vaue to vnos vaus of an
Vavg
peakfat = Maoclnoum value
Rs vaue

cosidor ing a Sic wave, peak-adtov Ot 2

peas sat = Vm dt

= 1:414

V 20
40
 G.324
coLsSron
e Nmsaue
fao v pealc d)
Seonday primang
4 Vaug
G324
toSatov )
Fansformer ot
Syrobol
V 4 Vay
cindings Po o2-o] Vag
widings
pimany
coYe. Tron
picy: law
gmtic Sndutoo. offarodayý
kur s l0Vaug
iodudio
bytic doThey
Irputand
Ac aveoutput
lbigb to lou olouw thgh
to
or levelto one ron voage Acsforo tran dt
foters Trans
t cused devicer dlechical
to ane
RANSFORMERS T Vdt
 aterns
Tn ofnumb the to
toil pi
inthe turs
nh the the;ahb
a tsCTR) ratb trDS Tbe
hprimang
and Souony
col tNS
ha Od atnumb the
ppens Thty psimang te attag vethe fim
CoYe
net coil
bcan Saray he tag vo e
vat Tuns
vobage dany- Seion
oile
voHge Ac CuentSaondag ) pihny
Todced Nstuvny
ndling Seurdg ilng pimng
Suture. Trantovmey
load
vltage
Ac
fàldaqnette ’Induted -fildmagnetic a
iodutae Mutual
ithrouah
t.
ad can that mateial mongpette oYe:
A
load divea outptsd. onthe COve aoung
the capped cie
Sedant the bducad
in votog The
to
used be Can th-rough
the col
cotlpriay
elecvic ingatemct he ron coilSuondang side bput
Yent the on
core he
nound corapped
vottoge Ac anCeat Ibdutance
to eireelerical
the A
Prinar A
octual pYincipe
o4 te cser oerapfoy oY
core oroponents basic . tronsboi
af3aoslsk A
. caled coile ho and Sermagrtic
ola consist noraly transfonaer eletrial Ao hansomer aalPats
wd
e ady n e s
weclrecay
opevatoo sfor Tran
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Vps. Also
-Ne Ve
Np =TR
Vp = TR "
Formalay
Yatio =fus TR
Cott) vo
Hage Seondany V=
obere,
TR
Ns Vs
Ve omula yoltage outpt sfovnaer Troo
Sasrdeny
piroang the NpNuber
oftmsjo obere
Es
N
Np TR
rNe:Ne
nlni
mula Yatà Tuns Dnlan
utents and Vo
HagaTransorer wedn