Physics Worksheets Answer Key
Moving Charges & Magnetism
Q1. An α particle is moving with velocity 5 × 10^5 î m/s in a magnetic field B = 3î + 2ĵ T.
Find the magnetic force on it.
Answer: F = q v × B = 2e (5×10^5)(2)k = 3.2 × 10^-13 N k.
Q2. A proton and an α-particle are projected perpendicularly with equal speeds into the
same magnetic field. Find the ratio of their radii.
Answer: r ∝ mv/qB. rα/rp = (4m_p/2e)/(m_p/e) = 2. Ratio rp:rα = 1:2.
Q3. What does a magnetic needle experience in a non-uniform magnetic field?
Answer: It experiences both torque and force.
Q4. At distance r from a long straight wire the field is 0.4 T. What will it be at distance 2r?
Answer: B ∝ 1/r, so B = 0.2 T.
Q5. Show that work done by magnetic force on a moving charge is zero.
Answer: Force always ⟂ velocity, so F·v = 0, work = 0.
Q6. A charge enters uniform B along x-axis. Describe its path and KE.
Answer: Path = circular in xy-plane, KE constant.
Q7. A charge moves undeviated in crossed E and B fields. Condition?
Answer: E = –v × B.
Q8. State Biot–Savart law.
Answer: dB = (μ0/4π) (I dl × r̂ )/r^2.
Q9. Field on axis of coil of radius r at distance x?
Answer: B = μ0 I r^2 / 2(r^2 + x^2)^(3/2). At centre: μ0 I/2r.
Q10. Field due to straight conductor at r?
Answer: B = μ0 I / 2πr.
Q11. SI unit and dimensions of B?
Answer: Tesla (T), [M T^-2 A^-1].
Q12. State Ampere’s law.
Answer: ∮ B·dl = μ0 Ienc.
Q13. Force on moving charge?
Answer: F = q v × B.
Q14. When is force max/min?
Answer: Max: v ⟂ B, Min: v ∥ B.
Q15. Principle of moving coil galvanometer?
Answer: Torque on current-carrying coil ∝ I.
Q16. Define current and voltage sensitivity.
Answer: Current sensitivity = deflection per unit I. Voltage sensitivity = deflection per unit
V.
Q17. Which has higher resistance: ammeter or milliammeter?
Answer: Milliammeter has higher resistance.
Q18. Direction of B due to current element?
Answer: dl × r̂ (right-hand rule).
Q19. Paths of electron, proton, neutron, α in B?
Answer: Proton & α circular (opposite senses), electron small-radius opposite curve,
neutron straight.
Q20. Two coaxial coils (r1=3 cm, r2=4 cm, I1=1A). Find I2 for zero field at centre.
Answer: I2 = I1 r1/r2 = 0.75 A opposite to I1.
Q21. Two parallel wires (d=0.1 m, I1=2A, I2=4A). Force/length?
Answer: F/L = μ0 I1 I2 / 2πd = 1.6×10^-5 N/m. Attractive if currents same.
Q22. Field at centre of square coil (a=0.1 m, I=10A)?
Answer: B = (2√2 μ0 I)/(π a).
Q23. Wire bent into semicircle (R=0.02 m, I=12 A). Field at centre?
Answer: B = μ0 I / 4R ≈ 1.88×10^-3 T.
Q24. Convert galvanometer (R=12Ω, Ig=2.5 mA) to 7.5V voltmeter. Find Rs.
Answer: Rs = V/Ig – R = 2988 Ω.
Q25. Proton moves parallel to wire carrying current. Force direction?
Answer: Direction given by F = q v × B, perpendicular to both v and B.
Magnetism & Matter
Q1. Define magnetic dipole moment.
Answer: μ = I·A, unit Am^2, direction by right-hand rule.
Q2. Properties of magnetic field lines.
Answer: Continuous closed curves, emerge from N, enter S, never intersect, tangent gives B
direction, density ∝ strength.
Q3. State Gauss’s law for magnetism.
Answer: ∮ B·dA = 0.
Q4. Magnetic moment of revolving electron?
Answer: μ = eωr^2/2 = eħ/2me = Bohr magneton.
Q5. Torque and time period of magnetic needle.
Answer: τ = μB sinθ. T = 2π √(I/μB).
Q6. Distinguish dia, para, ferro.
Answer: Diamag χ<0 (repelled), Paramag χ>0 small (weakly attracted), Ferro χ≫0 (strongly
attracted).
Q7. Diamagnetic in non-uniform field?
Answer: Moves to weaker field region.
Q8. Draw field lines for nickel, antimony, aluminium.
Answer: Nickel (concentrated), Antimony (bulged outward), Aluminium (slightly
concentrated).
Q9. χ=4.2×10^-5 material?
Answer: Paramagnetic, weakly attracted, χ decreases with temperature.
Q10. Magnet μ=0.9 J/T, torque=0.063 J at 30°. Find B.
Answer: B = τ/(μ sin30) = 0.14 T. Stable equilibrium at θ=0°.
Q11. Assertion: Poles cannot be separated. Reason: Monopoles don’t exist.
Answer: Both true, reason explains assertion.
Q12. Specimen a increases line density, b decreases. Which has greater χ?
Answer: a (paramag/ferro) has greater χ.
Q13. Potential energy of dipole in B?
Answer: U = –μB cosθ. Minimum at θ=0 (stable), max at 180° (unstable).
Electromagnetic Induction (EMI)
Q1. State Lenz’s law with example.
Answer: Induced current opposes change in flux. Magnet approaching coil induces opposite
pole.
Q2. Falling horizontal wire in Earth’s B?
Answer: Yes, emf induced if velocity ⟂ B.
Q3. Square coil (side D) in B = B0(5î+3ĵ+2k). Flux?
Answer: Φ = Bz·A = 2B0 D^2.
Q4. Metallic vs glass bob falling?
Answer: In vacuum: same. In air: metallic may have eddy current damping.
Q5. Magnet falling through copper ring?
Answer: Acceleration < g, emf vs time: positive spike then negative.
Q6. Define mutual inductance.
Answer: Flux linkage in one coil per unit current in the other.
Q7. How does Lenz’s law follow energy conservation?
Answer: Prevents creation of energy, always opposes change.
Q8. Coil L=3H, ΔI=10A. ΔΦ?
Answer: ΔΦ = L ΔI = 30 Wb-turns.
Q9. Coils L1=16mH, L2=12mH, same dI/dt. emf ratio?
Answer: e1/e2 = L1/L2 = 4/3.
Q10. Draw graphs: Φ vs I (linear), e vs dI/dt (linear), U vs I (parabolic).
Q11. Mutual inductance: effect of distance & iron?
Answer: Closer coils → greater M; iron increases M.
Q12. Eddy currents definition, use & drawback.
Answer: Circulating currents in conductor due to flux change. Use: induction heating,
brakes. Drawback: heating loss.
Q13. emf in moving conductor?
Answer: ε = B l v.
Q14. Methods of producing emf?
Answer: Moving magnet, rotating coil, mutual induction, varying coil area.
Q15. Power dissipated in rotating coil?
Answer: P = (εrms^2)/R.
Q16. emf in rotating rod?
Answer: ε = ½ B ω L^2.
Q17. Flux φ=5t^2+6t+2 (mWb). emf at t=1s?
Answer: ε = –dφ/dt = –(10+6) = –16 mV.
Q18. Induced current in coil of R?
Answer: I = –N dΦ/dt / R.
Q19. B = B0 cos(2πt/T). When emf max?
Answer: At T/4, 3T/4, …
Q20. Square coil in B = B0(2î+3ĵ+4k). Flux?
Answer: Φ = 4B0 L^2.
AC Circuits
Q1. Why is AC transmission economical?
Answer: Easier to step-up voltage, reduces current, less loss.
Q2. Inductive reactance frequency dependence?
Answer: XL = 2πfL, increases with f.
Q3. Phase difference in capacitor?
Answer: Current leads voltage by 90°.
Q4. Resistance effect on Q-factor?
Answer: Higher R → smaller Q.
Q5. Opposition to AC?
Answer: Impedance (Z).
Q6. Transformer iron core loss?
Answer: Hysteresis (iron) loss.
Q7. Changing current in one coil induces emf in another?
Answer: Mutual induction.
Q8. Find resonant ω0 for L=8H, C=0.5 μF.
Answer: ω0 = 1/√(LC) = 500 rad/s.
Q9. Which circuit is better tuned?
Answer: Circuit with highest Q (largest L/R).
Q10. L=2H, C=32 μF, R=10Ω. Q-factor?
Answer: ω0 = 223.6 rad/s, Q = 44.7 ≈ 45.
Q11. R=100Ω, L=2/π H, C=100/π μF, f=50Hz, V=220V. Find Z and I0.
Answer: XL=200Ω, XC=100Ω, Z=141.4Ω, V0=311V, I0=2.2A.
Electromagnetic Waves
Q1. Define displacement current.
Answer: Id = ε0 dΦE/dt. Source: time-varying electric field.
Q2. Maxwell’s modified Ampere’s law.
Answer: ∇×B = μ0 J + μ0ε0 ∂E/∂t. In EM wave: E ⟂ B ⟂ velocity.
Q3. (i) EM waves carry momentum?
Answer: Momentum density = S/c^2, radiation pressure = S/c.
(ii) Production? Accelerating charges.
(iii) Equations: E=E0 sin(kz–ωt) î, B=B0 sin(kz–ωt) ĵ.
Q4. Direction of wave propagation?
Answer: E×B.
Q5. Medium with εr=4, effect on λ and f?
Answer: f constant, λ halved.
Q6. Refractive index formula?
Answer: n = √(εμ/ε0μ0).
Q7. Ey = 30 sin(2×10^11t + 300πx). Find λ, B0.
Answer: λ = 2π/k = 0.00667 m, B0 = 1×10^-7 T.
Q8. f=2×10^10 Hz, E0=48 V/m. Find λ, B0.
Answer: λ = 0.015 m, B0 = 1.6×10^-7 T.
Q9. Wave along +x, E along y. Direction of B?
Answer: Along z. Energy densities: uE = ½ ε0E^2, uB = B^2/2μ0, equal since B=E/c.
Q10. Displacement current in capacitor with AC?
Answer: Id = ε0 dΦE/dt, ensures continuity of current in circuit.