PASSAGE 42 COLLEGES

The ultimate defense of college has always been that while it may not teach you
anything vocationally useful, it will somehow make you a better person, able to do
anything better, and those who make it through the process are initiated into the
'Fellowship of educated men and woman." In a study intended to probe what graduates
seven years out of college thought their colleges should have done for them, the
Carnegie Commission found that most alumni expected the "development of my
abilities to think and express myself."
VOCABULARY DEFINITIONS
ultimate : final, eventual defense: guard, security
vocationally : related to a certain kind of work to initiate: to start
to probe: to investigate. alumni: former students, graduates
EXERCISES
Complete the sentences with a suitable form of the words defined above
1. Being able to land safely in fields should be one of the ……..... aims in glider pilot.
2. Each of these courses is ……....attractive, academically challenging and personally
fulfilling.
3. The autumn launch of the Campaign for Resource will include a wide range of events
to which we welcome friends, ………...., students and staff.
4. I was usually the active person, or rather it was usually I who ………... discussions.
5. A lengthy public enquiry ………………….. the cause of the disaster and attributed
blame to certain officials, but blame is not a necessary part of this story.

READING COMPREHENSION
1. We can infer from the passage that.........
A. every student long for a college education
B. colleges are the only places where students can do something good
C. nobody criticizes colleges
D. college graduates should defend colleges
E. some people are against colleges
2. According to the author college education........
A. help people find useful jobs
B. provide students with full knowledge about vocations
C. do not help the students enough to specialize in a profession
D. will not make one a better person
E. gives everything that a person needs
3. It is obvious from the passage that........
A. colleges help students to express themselves
B. colleges didn't develop students' abilities to think
C. study investigated the effect of seven years on the students
D. students were happy because they attended the college
E. Carnegie Commission was made up of students
PASSAGE 43 SLEEP
Some scientists have asserted that there is a correlation between your intelligence and
the amount of sleep you need. The higher your intelligence, the less sleep you need.
Intelligence reaches its peak in the early twenties and most great scientific discoveries
have been made by under thirties. It has been indicated that the two best ways to
maintain your intelligence at its youthful strength are to drink no alcohol and to
continue studying throughout your life.
VOCABULARY
to assert: to claim correlation: link, association
peak: highest point, top to indicate: to show
to maintain: to keep youthful: young, fresh
strength: power throughout: during, the whole time
EXERCISES
Complete the sentences with a suitable form of. the words defined above.
1. Linda Cullen ……….... that her first book will not be her last and adds that the next
one is on the way.
2. Using data from 1,000 1988. annual reports, the survey found a close ……………...
between industry performance and pay increases.
3. In my view, at the ………………...of his career, my father achieved his ambition.
4. Thousands of boats were constructed and ……………………....in the hundreds of
boatyards or "docks" found on Britain's canals and rivers.
5. Returning to the kitchen, she …………………... with a nod of her head that Craig sit
on the stool near the fire.
READING COMPREHENSION
1. It has been suggested in the passage that.......
A. intelligent people need no sleep at all
B. there is no connection between intelligence and sleep
C. less intelligent people need less sleep
D. although it is not certain intelligent people need less sleep
E. it has been proved that intelligent people need more sleep
2. Most scientific discoveries were made .........
A. by a very small group of people
B. by people who have drunk very little alcohol
C. in the first part of the century
D. by young people
E. by older people
3. You can stop your intelligence deteriorating if you.......
A. rarely drink
B. go to university
C. always try to keep learning ,
D. never drink when you are studying
E. drink and study throughout your life
PASSAGE 44 EYE CONTACT
The eyes themselves can convey several kinds of messages. Meeting someone's
glance with your eyes is usually a sign of involvement, while looking away signals a
desire to avoid contact. Most of us remember trying to avoid a question we didn't
understand by glancing away from the teacher. At times like these we usually become
very interested in our textbooks, fingernails, the clock - anything but the teacher's
stare. Of course, the teacher always seemed to know the meaning of this nonverbal
behavior and ended up picking on those of us who signaled out uncertainty.
VOCABULARY
to convey: to send glance: quick look
involvement: taking part, concern, interest to avoid: to keep away from, to evade
to signal: to show, to indicate stare: intent look, gaze
to end up: to finish up to pick on: to choose, to decide on
uncertainty: hesitation, doubt
EXERCISES
Complete the sentences with a suitable form of the words defined above.
1. I'm not going to …………..... you so you can feel free to answer the question.
2. Moments of doubt and ………... always arise, even with the greatest people.
3. He spent ages at the window,…………... hard and seeing nothing.
4. All four were accused of …………... in the murders of two Australian tourists on
holiday in the Dutch town of Roermond in May 1990. .
5. If it is necessary to ……... a message, I would ask you to do so through a messenger.
READING COMPREHENSION
1. The passage emphasizes the fact that, .......
A. we usually avoid meeting someone's glance.
B. people like establishing contacts with eyes.
C. we are always involved in others' affairs.
D. many sorts of messages can be sent through eyes.
E. it is impossible to look away.
2. Students usually look in the different direction when .......
A. they want to answer the teacher's questions.
B. they understand what the teacher means.
C. they don't want to answer what the teacher will ask.
D. their textbooks are interesting.
E. they see that the teacher is not looking at them.
3. The writer says that the teacher always seemed to know what looking away from him
meant .......
A. and therefore picked up interesting subjects.
B. so he avoided contact with the students.
C. because he signaled uncertainty.
D. and was not interested in the students.
E. and chose the students dealing with different things.
PASSAGE 45 INVENTIONS

Two factors are particularly significant in the history of inventions. One is the part
played by inspiration, which can be far more vital than that of careful research. An
example of this is the discovery of insulin by Frederick Banthing. He knew very little
about the large amount of work which had been done in the field. Nevertheless, he
succeeded where other more knowledgeable experimenters failed. The other factor is
chance. Alexander Fleming's discovery of Penicillin was an accident. He was
cultivating bacteria, when a cell of what we now call penicillin fell in the bacteria. And
this coincidence led him to his important discovery.
VOCABULARY DEFINITIONS
vital: important, urgent inspiration: bright idea, motivation, encouragement
knowledgeable: expert, experienced nevertheless: but, yet, still
to cultivate: to develop, to nurture to succeed (in doing something): to be successful
coincidence: accident, chance to lead to: to guide, to direct
EXERCISES
Complete the sentences with a suitable form of the words defined above.
1. She was all alone in her dazzling white attic, listening, and waiting for …... to strike.
2. It is no ……………..... that his name comes up so often. He must be very skillful.
3. It is …………....that the students' final grades be submitted to the students" office.
4. The treatment…………………….... and the patient recovered rapidly.
5. It would require permanent, steady and patient activity …………….. a new attitude
in people's minds towards work, life and society.

READING COMPREHENSION
1. The history of inventions shows that careful research .......
A. leads to big inventions.
B. is not enough for success.
C. requires very little knowledge.
D. is of importance.
E. more vital than inspiration.
2. When Frederick Banting was working on insulin, he .......
A. failed in his other experiments.
B. got help from knowledgeable experimenters.
C. did little amount of work.
D. was inspired by the extent of the work done in the field.
E. was not aware of the considerable work done by other scientists.
3. It is obvious in the passage that when Fleming discovered penicillin, he .......
A. was sure to discover it.
B. had a terrible accident.
C. was doing another experiment.
D. fell in the bacteria.
E. the bacteria was discovered by chance.
PASSAGE 46 MEDICAL CARE
Medical care has changed greatly since the days when the family doctor treated all
family members for every type of medical problem. Today's physician is usually a
specialist who treats only problems with his or her specialty. Today's specialists often
work together in a large group in order to share costs. The group will buy expensive
equipment for its own offices rather than use hospital facilities. The physician's office
usually has a laboratory where a variety of medical tests can be done. So, unlike the
family doctor, who often visited patients at home, today's doctors normally see
patients in their office, where they can use specialized equipment.
VOCABULARY
a variety of: a number of to treat: to care for, to try to make a patient well again
unlike: different from, contrasting specialty: a particular type of work a person does best
to specialize: to become a specialist equipment: things used for particular purpose
facility: pieces of equipment or services provided for a particular purpose
specialist: a person who has a particular skill or knows a lot about a particular subject.
EXERCISES
Complete the sentences with a suitable form of the words defined above.
1. Some cases of infertility are easy to ...., although others require complex treatment.
2. He ………….... in collecting the work of four artists he considered to be the true
Cubists, Picasso, Braque, Leger and Gris.
3. They will want to know that you have a safe, warm place for children to play, and that
your kitchen and toilet.......................... are adequate.
4. People are still injecting and sharing dirty ..................
5. In London we have a team of 4 ........................ nurses backed up by 2 doctors.
READING COMREHENSION
1. The difference between the family doctor of the past and today's physician is that
A. family doctors charge higher fees.
B. the latter does not treat every type of medical problems.
C. both are not specialized in a branch.
D. physicians can't carry out tests.
E. family doctors see the patients of their family.
2. We can infer from the passage that the family doctor....
A. does not need expensive equipment today.
B. is rich enough, so he need not share costs.
C. avail himself of the hospital facilities
D. only treats those who have a family today. -
E. worked on his own.
3. It is clear in the passage that today's doctor .......
A. is not satisfied with the opportunities he has.
B. sometimes visits patients at home.
C. has problems with his or her specialty.
D. is better equipped than the family doctor.
E. must have a laboratory where he can do tests.